2023新教材高考英語(yǔ)二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)專題一閱讀理解先檢索再加工第二部分怎樣準(zhǔn)解題揭秘答題規(guī)律科學(xué)備戰(zhàn)高考第一講細(xì)節(jié)理解題-據(jù)文比對(duì)定答案課件

第一講細(xì)節(jié)理解題——據(jù)文比對(duì)定答案細(xì)節(jié)理解題在英語(yǔ)高考閱讀理解中占了較大的比重，而且此類題型相對(duì)比較簡(jiǎn)單，只需要根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，回到原文中定位信息區(qū)間，稍加比對(duì)，就能得出答案。因此，對(duì)于這類題目要力求讀得快、找得準(zhǔn)、答得對(duì)，力爭(zhēng)不丟分，保住基本分才能得高分。清迷點(diǎn)掃盲點(diǎn)·提升審題能力練重點(diǎn)練難點(diǎn)·創(chuàng)新應(yīng)用體驗(yàn)清迷點(diǎn)掃盲點(diǎn)提升審題能力知答題方略“兩關(guān)注”“一防范”巧解細(xì)節(jié)理解題1.兩關(guān)注：關(guān)注正確選項(xiàng)的特征：一是同義詞替換或釋義，即把文中語(yǔ)言(詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu))改頭換面，來(lái)表達(dá)相同的意思；二是對(duì)文章信息的綜合理解和推斷歸納。2.一防范：防范干擾選項(xiàng)的逼真性，稍有不慎就會(huì)落入命題人設(shè)置的陷阱中。在做間接信息題時(shí)，要根據(jù)所找信息，分析選項(xiàng)，對(duì)比其中所用詞匯，避免誤選答案。必要時(shí)要對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行歸結(jié)，然后比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，進(jìn)而選出正確答案。明命題方式直接細(xì)節(jié)題常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)方式：◆Whichactivitywillyouchooseif...？◆Whatwillyou/thestudentsdo...？◆Whencanyou...？◆Wherecanyou...？◆Whowill...？間接細(xì)節(jié)題常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)方式：◆Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes...？◆Howdoesthewriterrecommend...toreaders？◆Howmany/much...？技法1直接信息理解題——關(guān)鍵詞定位法在解答直接信息理解題時(shí)，考生可采取“關(guān)鍵詞定位法”，即“帶著問(wèn)題找答案”。先從題干中提取關(guān)鍵詞(題眼)，然后以此為線索，運(yùn)用略讀及尋讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)的段落、語(yǔ)句，快速定位該題與哪一段、哪一句有關(guān)，然后仔細(xì)推敲，仔細(xì)比對(duì)所給選項(xiàng)與文中細(xì)節(jié)的細(xì)微區(qū)別，在準(zhǔn)確理解細(xì)節(jié)的前提下，最后確定答案?！冀忸}流程〗【典例】

[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷閱讀A]ScholarshipsWeofferscholarshipstolow-incomeschoolsandyouthorganizations，subjecttoavailability.Participationinapost-visitsurveyisrequired.ScholarshipsareforGroupPlayadmissionfeesand/ortransportation.Transportationinvoices(發(fā)票)mustbereceivedwithin60daysofyourvisittoguaranteethescholarship.21．Whatdoesagroupneedtodoiftheyareofferedascholarship?A．Prepaytheadmissionfees.B．UsetheMuseum'stransportation.C．Takeasurveyafterthevisit.D．Scheduletheirvisitonweekdays.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“offeredascholarship”定位到

Scholarships部分中“Weofferscholarshipstolow-incomeschoolsandyouthorganizations，subjecttoavailability.Participationinapost-visitsurveyisrequired.”可知，如果一個(gè)團(tuán)體獲得了獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，需要參加一個(gè)訪后的調(diào)查問(wèn)卷。技法2間接信息理解題——二次加工慎判定

為了更好地考查考生的語(yǔ)言能力和思維品質(zhì)，命題人往往會(huì)對(duì)具體細(xì)節(jié)信息加以修飾或轉(zhuǎn)換，以間接的方式來(lái)考查考生。如果說(shuō)直接信息理解題是直來(lái)直去考，那么間接信息理解題則是拐彎抹角考。直接信息理解題檢索出信息就可得出答案，而間接信息理解題需對(duì)檢索出的信息進(jìn)行二次加工才能得出答案。1．同意轉(zhuǎn)換法使用同根詞、同義詞或近義詞甚至反義詞來(lái)替換關(guān)鍵詞，例如使用ask來(lái)替換文中的require，使用lessdifferent來(lái)替換文中的moreincommon等?！冀忸}流程〗【典例1】

[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷閱讀A]LateWorkAnessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.23．Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?A．Youwillreceiveazero.B．Youwilllosealettergrade.C．Youwillbegivenatest.D．Youwillhavetorewriteit.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“submit”定位到原文關(guān)鍵句為

“Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.”

，比對(duì)選項(xiàng)和信息句可知，如果你在截止日期過(guò)后一周才上交，你的成績(jī)將會(huì)是零分。submit與turnin為同義轉(zhuǎn)述?！镜淅?】

[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷閱讀B]Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.24．Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?A．Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste.B．Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.C．Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat.D．Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“thearugulastory”定位到信息句“Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.”；由此可知，更糟糕的是，作者不假思索地買了太多東西；作者本可以用扔掉的東西做六份沙拉。由此可知，我們有時(shí)會(huì)無(wú)意中浪費(fèi)食物。

unintentionally與文中的unthinkingly為同義轉(zhuǎn)述。2．歸納概括考分析綜合為了增加細(xì)節(jié)信息試題的難度，命題人有時(shí)候也會(huì)采用較為概括的方式來(lái)進(jìn)行命題，一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)信息試題涉及一段或者幾段的具體內(nèi)容，需要考生進(jìn)行概括和歸納后才能得出答案。雖然此類試題各個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)信息都能在文章中找到，但需要考生具有一定的概括和歸納能力。〖解題流程〗【典例3】

[2021·全國(guó)乙卷閱讀A]Allthesestadiumsarestillfunctional,stillopenandstillhostingthebiggesteventsinworldsport.·Rungrado1stofMayStadium,Pyongyang,D．P.R.Korea.Capacity:150，000.Opened:May1,1989.·MichiganStadium,AnnArbor,Michigan,U.S.Capacity:107，601.Opened:October1,1927.·BeaverStadium,StateCollege,Pennsylvania,U．S.Capacity:106，572.Opened:September17,1960.·OhioStadium,Columbus,Ohio,U.S.Capacity:104，944.Opened:October7,1922.·KyleField,CollegeStation,Texas,U．S.Capacity:102，512.Opened:September24,1927.22．Ofthefollowingstadiums,whichistheoldest?A．MichiganStadium.

B．BeaverStadium.C．OhioStadium.

D．KyleField.解析：分析題干，題干問(wèn)的是哪個(gè)體育場(chǎng)最古老，應(yīng)定位至文章最后一部分對(duì)各個(gè)體育場(chǎng)的介紹。然后一一比對(duì)信息源：根據(jù)該部分的內(nèi)容可知，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的體育場(chǎng)分別于1927年、1960年、1922年、1927年開(kāi)放；綜合概括可知，最古老的體育場(chǎng)為OhioStadium。技法3數(shù)字計(jì)算題——加減乘除巧破解常涉及時(shí)間、年齡、年代、價(jià)錢、數(shù)量、距離等數(shù)字信息的簡(jiǎn)單加工。計(jì)算量較小，比較容易。找出計(jì)算背后所隱含的信息并理解文章相應(yīng)的信息是準(zhǔn)確解題的關(guān)鍵。〖解題流程〗【典例】

[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷閱讀A]GroupSizeWerequireonechaperone(監(jiān)護(hù)人)pertenchildren.Failuretoprovideenoughchaperoneswillresultinanextrachargeof$50perabsentadult.GroupPlayisforgroupsof10ormorewithalimitof35people.Forgroupsof35ormore，pleasecalltodiscussoptions.22．Howmanychaperonesareneededforagroupof30childrentovisittheMuseum?A．One.B．Two.

C．Three.D．Four.解析：數(shù)字計(jì)算題。讀題干定位到原文

“Werequireonechaperone(監(jiān)護(hù)人)pertenchildren.”可知，每10個(gè)孩子需要1個(gè)監(jiān)護(hù)人，那么30個(gè)孩子則需要3個(gè)監(jiān)護(hù)人。練重點(diǎn)練難點(diǎn)創(chuàng)新應(yīng)用體驗(yàn)A[2022·九江市第三次模擬]EricaJamesistheauthorof23best-sellingnovels.Now,theromancenovelistsharesthebooksthatshapedhercareer.ThreeMeninaBoatJeromeKJeromeThiswastheinitialbookthatmademelaughoutloud.AnythingI'dreadpreviouslyhadbeenschooltexts.Readingthemwaslikewatchingpaintdry,butsuddenlyherewassomethingexcitingwhichclearlyshowsagreatmanyfeaturesofhumanbehaviour.Fromthenon,Ifellinlovewithreading.AWomanofSubstanceBarbaraTaylorBradfordIwasamotherwhenIreadthisnovelandwasthoroughlysweptupintheragstorichesstoryofEmmaHarte.BarbaracreatedastrongsenseoffamilyanditsowedatinyseedwithinmethatImightcreatemyownworkthroughputtingpentopaper.SaintMaybeAnneTylerSaintMaybeisasadexampleofhowonesmallmistakecanresultintragedyforafamily.AsalwayswithAnneTyler,there'ssadnessandhumorwithinthepages,butthetruestrengthofthisnovelliesintheauthor'sabilitytowritewithsympathy.TheMarriagePactMichelleRichmondTheMarriagePactisapsychologicalthriller,makingmebeanicerwife.JakeandAliceareinvitedtojoinanexclusiveorganizationcalledThePact,whichpromisestohelpthemhavealastingmarriage.Iwantedtowriteastorylikeit:Greatloveforlife.1．WhichbookfirstmadeEricaJamesinterestedinreading?A．Three

Men

in

a

BoatB．A

Woman

of

SubstanceC．Saint

MaybeD．The

Marriage

Pact解析：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ThreeMeninaBoat部分中“Fromthenon,Ifellinlovewithreading.”可知，

ThreeMeninaBoat讓EricaJames對(duì)閱讀產(chǎn)生了興趣。2．WhatisspecialaboutA

Woman

of

Substance?A．Itisherfirstbook.B．Itmakeshermorehopeful.C．ItinspiresEricatobeawriter.D．Ithelpshermanagejobchallenges.解析：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AWomanofSubstance部分中“BarbaracreatedastrongsenseoffamilyanditsowedatinyseedwithinmethatImightcreatemyownworkthroughputtingpentopaper.”可知，

AWomanofSubstance的特別之處是它激勵(lì)Erica成為一名作家。3．Whatdothelistedbookshaveincommon?A．Theyshareasadtone.B．Theygoagainsttextbooks.C．Theyarefocusedonfamilyproblems.D．TheyaregoodinfluencesonErica'slife.解析：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“EricaJamesistheauthorof23best-sellingnovels.Now,theromancenovelistsharesthebooksthatshapedhercareer.”可知，這些書(shū)的共同點(diǎn)是對(duì)EricaJames的生活有很好的影響。B[2022·連云港市模擬(二)]Sunshine

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