譯林牛津英語M5U2語法

GrammarandusageUnit2非謂語動(dòng)詞過去分詞不定式動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞Revision分詞-ing形式動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞一、動(dòng)詞的–ing形式概念

動(dòng)詞的–ing形式包括兩種:①現(xiàn)在分詞具有形容詞和副詞特征可作定語、狀語、表語、賓補(bǔ)②動(dòng)名詞具有名詞特征可作主語，賓語，表語，定語等。Therearemanysleepingstudentsinclass（表語）（定語）Feelingthelessonisboring,thestudentsaresleepyThestudentsfeelthelessonboringThelessonisboring（賓補(bǔ)）（狀語）

語態(tài)類別時(shí)態(tài)

vt.主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞V-ing一般式(與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生)完成式(先與謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生)二、時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone1Hehurriedhome,looingbehindashewent2Havingfinishedtheirwor,theyhadarest3Thelargebuildingbeingbuiltisalibrary4Havingbeenshownthelab,weweretaentoseethelibrary（一般式）（完成式）（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）（被動(dòng)完成式）時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)：2ThemanrunninginthepictureisLiuiang1arunningman三、現(xiàn)在分詞的語法功能1:Attribute定語=ThemanwhoisrunninginthepictureisLiuiang小結(jié):1V-ing形式作定語可表示主語所作動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或表示和所修飾詞之間有邏輯主動(dòng)關(guān)系。詞作定語修飾名詞一般置于名詞之前3V-ing詞組修飾名詞則置于名詞之后此時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句

Thepeoplesittingbehindusareteachers=ThepeoplewhoaresittingbehindusareteachersRewritethefollowingsentenceswithattributiveclausesYourjourneyinenyaisreallyecitingWhatyoudidwasdisaareIhadlastnightwasveryfrightening小結(jié)：現(xiàn)在分詞作表語通常表示主語的屬性和特征,相當(dāng)于形容詞,含有“令人",其主語通常是物2:Predicative（表語）IheardthegirlsingingintheclassroomInoticedalongqueueoutsidethebanwaitingforittoopenComent（賓補(bǔ)）:Thebabywatchedhisdadshavinghisfacewithgreatinterest小結(jié)：常見的兩類接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞：⑴感官動(dòng)詞：see,hear,watch,find,feel,smell,observenotice,looat,listento等。⑵使役動(dòng)詞have,eeae等。特殊的兩個(gè)區(qū)別：1現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)與不定式做賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別。現(xiàn)在分詞：動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。不定式：動(dòng)作的全過程。試比較：1Iheardhersingingasongjustnow正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作2Iheardhersingasongjustnow聽見全過程1Sitymillionovingtothecitieseveryyear2Thebottle_________containthepoisonwassenttothelaboratory3Ourtripwas______________disappointWedidnotfindanyunusualplantsPracticelivingcontainingFillintheblanswiththeverbgiveninitsdisappointing4Isawthem______forcethedooromer5Thenewswas__________shocAllthethreeboatshadsuninthestormforcingshocing4現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語1作時(shí)間狀語,相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語從句常同連詞when,after,while,once,until等連用注：當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞短語用來表示時(shí)間時(shí)，可以和when,after等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句互換Hearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying=Whentheyheardthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcryingHavingreceivedhisletter,Idecidedtowritebac=AfterIhadreceivedhisletter,Idecidedtowritebac2作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句。Beingastudent,ImustworhardBeingsoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep=Because/As/Sincehewassoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep=BecauseIamastudent,Imustworhard3作條件狀語,相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句Woringhard,youwillsucceed=Ifyouworhard,youwillsucceedoresaltintothesouoredelicious=Ifyouoresaltintothesouoredelicious當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞用來表示條件時(shí)，可以和if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句互換4作伴隨狀語,相當(dāng)于并列句Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing=TheysangandlaughedandtheycameintotheclassroomThestudentscamein,______________followtheirteacherMycousincametoseemefromthecountry,_____________bringmeafullbasetoffreshfruitsfollowingbringingThefactoryeeoe,maingtheairdirtyThefactoryeeoe,———————————（非限制性定語從句）whichmaestheairdirty5作結(jié)果狀語Thefactoryeeoe___________theairismadedirtyAsaresult,當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞短語用來表結(jié)果時(shí)，可以和

asaresult引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句互換。

也相當(dāng)于which引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語從句例：Shedoeseerciseforanhoureveryday,causinghertoeefigureShedoeseerciseforanhoureveryday,____________hertoeefigureShedoeseerciseforanhoureveryday。____________,sheeefigurewhichcausesAsaresult-ing短語作讓步狀語，可置于句首或句末，常與evenif,though連用。如：6作讓步狀語=Althoughhisfatherworedfrommorningtillnight,hedidn’tgetenoughfood雖然他父親從早到晚拼命地干活，但是他還是掙不到足夠的吃的。Thoughworingfrommorningtillnight,hisfatherdidn’tgetenoughfood注意:V-ing形式的否定not要置于V-ing之前。分詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語同主句的主語一致且有邏輯主動(dòng)關(guān)系，往往可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的狀語從句。1aHearingthenews,tearsrandownherfacebHearingthenews,shecriedoutsadly2aEnteringtheclassroom,IfoundnobodyinitbEnteringtheclassroom,nobodywasfoundinitChoosethecorrectsentence3aLooingoutthroughthewindow,thegardenwasbeautifulbLooingoutthroughthewindow,wesawabeautifulgarden4aReadingtheeveningnewspaper,adogstartedbaringbIwasreadingtheeveningnewspaperwhenadogstartedbaring現(xiàn)在分詞做獨(dú)立成分：有些分詞可以獨(dú)立存在，在句中沒有邏輯上的主語，作為習(xí)慣用法。這些短語有：generally/franlyser被用作介詞或連詞的分詞：supposingproviding/providedgiven假設(shè),假如,設(shè)想considering認(rèn)為concerning/regarding關(guān)于accordingto按照talingof談到speaingof說到Su,whatshouldhedoAccordingtohisreport,thesituationisgettingseriousTheircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thus____thedelayAtocauseBcausingCcausedDcause2Iwasinthebathroom,not___thenocatthedoorAhearBtohearChearingDheardEercise3Afterseeingthemovie,_____Atheboowasreadbyhim BtheboomadehimwanttoreaditChewantedtoreadtheboo Dthereadingoftheboointerestedhim4Thenetmorningshefoundthemaninbed,_____deadAlyingBlieClayDlaying5Therewasterriblenoise____thesuddenburstoflightAfollowedBfollowingCtobefollowedDbeingfollowed6Thesecretaryworedlateintothenight,____alongspeechforthepresidentAtoprepareBpre