高考英語一輪復習之定語從句詳細解析講義

2024年高中英語一輪復習之定語從句詳細解析一.定義:在復合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。二.特點:1.先行詞:定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞2.關聯詞:1)引出定語從句，并作從句的一個成分?？勺髦髡Z、賓語、定語、狀語，作賓語可省略.2)關聯詞包括關系代詞和關系副詞。關聯詞位于先行詞和定語從句之間。關系代詞:that,which,who,whom,whose代指先行詞二、關系副詞:when,wherewhy作時間狀語三.基本結構:先行詞+關聯詞+定語從句剩余部分四.關系代詞的用法:1.that和whichthat指人或物，作主語或賓語，作賓語可省略，主語不能Which指物，不指人，作主語或賓語，作賓語可省略，主語不能。Hisfatherworksinafactorythat/whichmakesTVsets.Whowashurtintheaccidentthat/whichhappenedyesterday?Thecoat(which/that)Iputonthedeskisblack.注意:TheroominwhichIliveisverybig.(在個詞后面不能用that)2.只能用that不能用which引導的定語從句:1)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時，定語從只能用thatThisisthemostinterestingstory(that)Ihaveeverheard.2)先行詞被序數詞修飾時，定語從句只能用thatThechildrenlikethesecondlessonthatisabout"TheFootballMatch"3)先行詞被theonly，thevery或thesame等修飾，定語從句只能用that引導Itistheonlyword(that)Iknowinthepassage.Whereistheverybook(that)Iboughtjustnow?Thisisthe(same)bicycle(that)Ilost.4)先行詞為everything，something,anything，all,none,much,little,few等不定代詞定語從句只能用that時時。Iwanteverything(that)Iwant.Iamwritingtotellyouaboutsomethingverystrangethathappenedtomelastweek.5)先行詞被不定代詞allany,no,every,little,much,many修飾時，只能用thatHereisallthemoney(that)Ihave.先行詞是同時含有“人和物”的名詞時，定語從句只能用thatIcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures(that)Iseeintheroom.7)定語從句所修飾的詞為theone時，定語從用that引導Isittheone(that)youwant?8)為了避免重復，在疑問詞who之后，用that引導定語從句Whoisthegirlthatwonthefirstplace?3.who和whomwho指人，在句中作主語和賓語，作賓語可省略whom指人，在句中只能作賓語，可省略，但在詞后面不能省略WhoistheteacherthatXiaoLiistalkingto?ThedoctorwithwhomshewenttotheUnitedStateslastmonthisveryfamous.=Thedoctorwho/whom/thatshewenttotheUnitedStateswithlastmonthisveryfamous.五.關系副詞的用法:1when指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.when=onwhich2.where指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.3.why指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語，其先行詞只有表示原因的reason一詞Wedon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool.高考中常?？疾閛ne和that作為普通代詞的區(qū)別,還常與it進行區(qū)別.主要用法如下:lit/one/that三者均可用作代詞,指代前面提到的名詞.一般說來,it指代同名同物;one與that則指代同名異物Ihavelostmyumbrella;Imlookingforit.(該中it就是指前面的myumbrella)Ihavelostmyumbrella;IthinkImustbuyone.(one在該中表泛指因為myumbrella已經丟了)TheumbrellayouboughtischeaperthanthatIbought.(替代that在該句中特指“theumbrellaIbought”,以區(qū)別“theumbrellayoubought”)Il.one與that雖可用來指代同名異物,但one為泛指相當于a/an+名詞;that為特指相當于the+名詞.所以one所指代的名詞的修飾語一般為a/an/some/any;that所指代的名詞的修飾語往往是the/this/that.Achairmadeofsteelisstrongerthanonemadeofwood.(該中one可以換成achair)Thewaterinthecupishotterthanthatinthepot.(該中that可以換成thewater)Illone只能代替可數名詞單數代替可數名詞復數時用ones;that既可以代替不可數名詞也可以代替可數名詞單數代替可數名詞復數時用those.Ilikethispenmorethanthatone.(one代替可數名詞單數pen)Therewereafewyoungpeopleandsomeolderonesinthehouse.(ones代替可數名詞復數people)Mary'shandwritingisfarbetterthanthatofPeter(that代替不可數名詞handwriting)Thesepicturesaremorebeautifulthanthose.(those代替可數名詞復數pictures)IV.one既可代替事物,也可代替人that只能代替事物而不能代替人有時可以用theone或theones代替that或those.Theone/Thatonthetableismine.(該中Theone代替事物并且也可以用That)Heistheteachertheonewhoislovedbythestudents.(該中theone代替人不能用that)Headvisedthefarmerstochoosethebestseedheads,theones/thosethathadthebestcolor(該句中theones代替事物并且也可以用those)V.one一般有前置修飾語,有時也可有后置修飾語或不用修飾語.而that不能有前置修飾語,但可有后置修飾語Cookwasastrictbutgoodcaptain,onewhotookgoodcareofhissailors.ThewaterinthewelliscleanerthanthatintheriverVlit可以替代句中的不定式或從句等,充當形式主語或形式賓語.one與that均無此用法Itisknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.Ifoundithardtogetonwithher.VIl.it與that均可以替代上文全句的內容或部分內容而one/ones則不可以六、定語從句由關系代詞who、whom、whose、which、what、as和關系副詞where、when、why等引導，但須記住:1.what不能引導定語從句.指人的關系代詞有who、whose、whom、that.試分析:Theoldmanwho/whom/thatwevisitedyesterdayisafamousartist.MissWangistakingcareofthechildwhoseparentshavegonetoBeijingThemanwithwhommyfathershookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.(=Themanwho/whomthatmyfathershookhandswithjustnowisourheadmaster)注1.先行詞為one、ones或anyoneThesewhoaregoingtoBeijingarethebeststudentsofourschool3在therebe開頭的句子中Thereisastudentwhowantstoseeyou.4.一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關系代詞是that，另一個宣用who，以免重復AImetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustefromJapan.主句以who開頭的句子中,只用that,不用who。七、指物的關系代詞有which、whose(=ofwhich)、that.試分析:1.Ilikethebookswhich/thatwerewrittenbyLuXun.2.Thedesks(which/that)wemadelastyearwereverygood3.Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.(=Thisisthehousewhich/thatwelivedinastyear)4.Iliveintheroomwhosewindowsfacesouth.(=Iliveintheroom,thewindowsofwhichfacesouth.)些A.個詞如果位于作為其賓語的關系代詞之前時，只能用whom、which不能用who或that(1).Thegirlaboutwhomtheyweretalkingisourmonitor.(2).ThebookinwhichtherearemanyinterestingthingswaswrittenbyLiMingB.部分短語動詞中的介詞不可與動詞拆開，在定語從句中其個詞不可前置，只能放在其動詞之后Isthisthebookwhichsheislookingfor?Theoldmanwho/whomtheyarewaitingforisProfessorLi.Thechildwho/whomsheislookingafterisWangPing’ssonC.指物時，下列情況下只能用that，不宜用which。(1)先行詞為不定代詞，如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none.theone等。Wearewillingtodoanythingthatisgoodtothepeople.Ihavetoldthemall(that)Iknow.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.(2)先行詞是序數詞或被序數詞、修飾時。ThefirstbookthatIreadlastnightwasanEnglishnovel.(3)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被最高級修飾時。ThisisoneofthemostinterestingfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.(4)如果有兩個或兩個以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時(先行詞既有人又有物)，定語從句的關系代詞用which和who都不合適，只能用that。Weknownothingaboutthedoctorsandthehospitalsthatyouaretalkingabout.Therearesheepandme