公務(wù)員統(tǒng)一考試英語試題

在線學(xué)英語體驗請申請：/wenkxd.htm洛基英語，中國在線英語教育領(lǐng)導(dǎo)品牌綜合題，請根據(jù)題目給出的內(nèi)容，來回答下面給出的試題。SectionIIIReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)Text1It’saroughworldoutthere.Stepoutsideandyoucouldbreakalegslippingonyourdoormat.Lightupthestoveandyoucouldburndownthehouse.Luckily,ifthedoormatorstovefailedtowarnofcomingdisaster,asuccessfullawsuitmightcompensateyouforyourtroubles.Orsothethinkinghasgonesincetheearly1980s,whenjuriesbeganholdingmorecompaniesliablefortheircustomers’misfortunes.Feelingthreatened,companiesrespondedbywritingever-longerwarninglabels,tryingtoanticipateeverypossibleaccident.Today,stepladderscarrylabelsseveralincheslongthatwarn,amongotherthings,thatyoumight--surprise!--falloff.Thelabelonachild’sBatmancapecautionsthatthetoy“doesnotenableusertofly.”Whilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary--thedangersofdruginteractions,forexample--andmanyarerequiredbystateorfederalregulations,itisn’tclearthattheyactuallyprotectthemanufacturersandsellersfromliabilityifacustomerisinjured.About50percentofthecompanieslosewheninjuredcustomerstakethemtocourt.Nowthetideappearstobeturning.Aspersonalinjuryclaimscontinueasbefore,somecourtsarebeginningtosidewithdefendants,especiallyincaseswhereawarninglabelprobablywouldn’thavechangedanything.InMay,JulieNimmons,presidentofSchuttSportsinIllinois,successfullyfoughtalawsuitinvolvingafootballplayerwhowasparalyzedinagamewhilewearingaSchutthelmet.“We’rereallysorryhehasbecomeparalyzed,buthelmetsaren’tdesignedtopreventthosekindsofinjuries,”saysNimmons.Thejuryagreedthatthenatureofthegame,notthehelmet,wasthereasonfortheathlete’sinjury.Atthesametime,theAmericanLawInstitute--agroupofjudges,lawyers,andacademicswhoserecommendationscarrysubstantialweight--issuednewguidelinesfortortlawstatingthatcompaniesneednotwarncustomersofobviousdangersorbombardthemwithalengthylistofpossibleones.“Importantinformationcangetburiedinaseaoftrivialities,”saysalawprofessoratCornelllawSchoolwhohelpeddraftthenewguidelines.Ifthemoderateendofthelegalcommunityhasitsway,theinformationonproductsmightactuallybeprovidedforthebenefitofcustomersandnotasprotectionagainstlegalliability.

請根據(jù)上面給出的內(nèi)容，來回答下面的單項選擇題（下列每小題備選答案中，只有一個符合題意的正確答案。每小題0分，共4題。）51.Whatwerethingslikein1980swhenaccidentshappened?A：Customersmightberelievedoftheirdisastersthroughlawsuits.

B：Injuredcustomerscouldexpectprotectionfromthelegalsystem.

C：Companieswouldavoidbeingsuedbyprovidingnewwarnings.

D：Juriestendedtofindfaultwiththecompensationscompaniespromised.

請選擇答案：A:B:C:D:52.Manufacturersasmentionedinthepassagetendto________.A：satisfycustomersbywritinglongwarningsonproducts

B：becomehonestindescribingtheinadequaciesoftheirproducts

C：makethebestuseoflabelstoavoidlegalliability

D：feelobligedtoviewcustomers’safetyastheirfirstconcern

請選擇答案：A:B:C:D:53.ThecaseofSchutthelmetdemonstratedthat________.A：someinjuryclaimswerenolongersupportedbylaw

B：helmetswerenotdesignedtopreventinjuries

C：productlabelswouldeventuallybediscarded

D：somesportsgamesmightlosepopularitywithathletes

請選擇答案：A:B:C:D:54.Theauthor’sattitudetowardstheissueseemstobe________.A：biased

B：indifferent

C：puzzling

D：objective

請選擇答案：A:B:C:D:Text2InthefirstyearorsoofWebbusiness,mostoftheactionhasrevolvedaroundeffortstotaptheconsumermarket.Morerecently,astheWebprovedtobemorethanafashion,companieshavestartedtobuyandsellproductsandserviceswithoneanother.Suchbusiness-to-businesssalesmakesensebecausebusinesspeopletypicallyknowwhatproductthey’relookingfor.Nonetheless,manycompaniesstillhesitatetousetheWebbecauseofdoubtsaboutitsreliability.“Businessesneedtofeeltheycantrustthepathwaybetweenthemandthesupplier,”sayssenioranalystBlaneErwinofForresterResearch.Somecompaniesarelimitingtheriskbyconductingonlinetransactionsonlywithestablishedbusinesspartnerswhoaregivenaccesstothecompany’sprivateintranet.AnothermajorshiftinthemodelforInternetcommerceconcernsthetechnologyavailableformarketing.Untilrecently,Internetmarketingactivitieshavefocusedonstrategiesto“pull”customersintosites.Inthepastyear,however,softwarecompanieshavedevelopedtoolsthatallowcompaniesto“push”informationdirectlyouttoconsumers,transmittingmarketingmessagesdirectlytotargetedcustomers.Mostnotably,thePointcastNetworkusesascreensavertodeliveracontinuallyupdatedstreamofnewsandadvertisementstosubscribers’computermonitors.Subscriberscancustomizetheinformationtheywanttoreceiveandproceeddirectlytoacompany’sWebsite.CompaniessuchasVirtualVineyardsarealreadystartingtousesimilartechnologiestopushmessagestocustomersaboutspecialsales,productofferings,orotherevents.ButpushtechnologyhasearnedthecontemptofmanyWebusers.Onlineculturethinkshighlyofthenotionthattheinformationflowingontothescreencomestherebyspecificrequest.Oncecommercialpromotionbeginstofillthescreenuninvited,thedistinctionbetweentheWebandtelevisionfades.That’saprospectthathorrifiesNetpurists.ButitishardlyinevitablethatcompaniesontheWebwillneedtoresorttopushstrategiestomakemoney.TheexamplesofVirtualVineyards,A,andotherpioneersshowthataWebsitesellingtherightkindofproductswiththerightmixofinteractivity,hospitality,andsecuritywillattractonlinecustomers.Andthecostofcomputingpowercontinuestofreefall,whichisagoodsignforanyenterprisesettingupshopinsilicon.Peoplelookingback5or10yearsfromnowmaywellwonderwhysofewcompaniestooktheonlineplunge.

請根據(jù)上面給出的內(nèi)容，來回答下面的單項選擇題（下列每小題備選答案中，只有一個符合題意的正確答案。每小題0分，共4題。）55.WelearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethatWebbusiness________.A：hasbeenstrivingtoexpanditsmarket

B：intendedtofollowafancifulfashion

C：triedbutinvaintocontrolthemarket

D：hasbeenboomingforoneyearorso

請選擇答案：A:B:C:D:56.Speakingoftheonlinetechnologyavailableformarketing,theauthorimpliesthat________.A：thetechnologyispopularwithmanyWebusers

B：businesseshavefaithinthereliabilityofonlinetransactions

C：thereisaradicalchangeinstrategy

D：itisaccessiblelimitedlytoestablishedpartners

請選擇答案：A:B:C:D:57.IntheviewofNetpurists,________.A：thereshouldbenomarketingmessagesinonlineculture

B：moneymakingshouldbegivenprioritytoontheWeb

C：theWebshouldbeabletofunctionasthetelevisionset

D：thereshouldbenoonlinecommercialinformationwithoutrequests

請選擇答案：A:B:C:D:58.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthat________.A：pushinginformationontheWebisessentialtoInternetcommerce

B：interactivity,hospitalityandsecurityareimportanttoonlinecustomers

C：leadingcompaniesbegantotaketheonlineplungedecadesago

D：settingupshopsinsiliconisindependentofthecostofcomputingpower

請選擇答案：A:B:C:D:Text3Aninvisibleborderdividesthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomonthebehalfofstudents’careerprospectsandthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomforbroaderreasonsofradicaleducationalreform.Veryfewwritersonthesubjecthaveexploredthisdistinction--indeed,contradiction--whichgoestotheheartofwhatiswrongwiththecampaigntoputcomputersintheclassroom.Aneducationthataimsatgettingastudentacertainkindofjobisatechnicaleducation,justifiedforreasonsradicallydifferentfromwhyeducationisuniversallyrequiredbylaw.Itisnotsimplytoraiseeveryone’sjobprospectsthatallchildrenarelegallyrequiredtoattendschoolintotheirteens.Rather,wehaveacertainconceptionoftheAmericancitizen,acharacterwhoisincompleteifhecannotcompetentlyassesshowhislivelihoodandhappinessareaffectedbythingsoutsideofhimself.Butthiswasnotalwaysthecase;beforeitwaslegallyrequiredforallchildrentoattendschooluntilacertainage,itwaswidelyacceptedthatsomewerejustnotequippedbynaturetopursuethiskindofeducation.Withoptimismcharacteristicofallindustrializedcountries,wecametoacceptthateveryoneisfittobeeducated.Computer-educationadvocatesforsakethisoptimisticnotionforapessimismthatbetraystheirotherwisecheeryoutlook.Bankingontheconfusionbetweeneducationalandvocationalreasonsforbringingcomputersintoschools,computeredadvocatesoftenemphasizethejobprospectsofgraduatesovertheireducationalachievement.Therearesomegoodargumentsforatechnicaleducationgiventherightkindofstudent.ManyEuropeanschoolsintroducetheconceptofprofessionaltrainingearlyoninordertomakesurechildrenareproperlyequippedfortheprofessionstheywanttojoin.Itis,however,presumptuoustoinsistthattherewillonlybesomanyjobsforsomanyscientists,somanybusinessmen,somanyaccountants.Besides,thisisunlikelytoproducetheneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalinacountryaslargeasoursandwheretheeconomyisspreadoversomanystatesandinvolvessomanyinternationalcorporations.But,forasmallgroupofstudents,professionaltrainingmightbethewaytogosincewell-developedskills,allotherfactorsbeingequal,canbethedifferencebetweenhavingajobandnot.Ofcourse,thebasicsofusinganycomputerthesedaysareverysimple.Itdoesnottakealifelongacquaintancetopickupvarioussoftwareprograms.Ifonewantedtobecomeacomputerengineer,thatis,ofcourse,anentirelydifferentstory.Basiccomputerskillstake--attheverylongest--acoupleofmonthstolearn.Inanycase,basiccomputerskillsareonlycomplementarytothehostofrealskillsthatarenecessarytobecominganykindofprofessional.Itshouldbeobserved,ofcourse,thatnoschool,vocationalornot,ishelpedbyaconfusionoveritspurpose.

請根據(jù)上面給出的內(nèi)容，來回答下面的單項選擇題（下列每小題備選答案中，只有一個符合題意的正確答案。每小題0分，共4題。）59.Theauthorthinksthepresentrushtoputcomputersintheclassroomis________.A：far-reaching

B：dubiouslyoriented

C：self-contradictory

D：radicallyreformatory

請選擇答案：A:B:C:D:60.Thebeliefthateducationisindispensabletoallchildren________.A：isindicativeofapessimismindisguise

B：cameintobeingalongwiththearrivalofcomputers

C：isdeeplyrootedinthemindsofcomputeredadvocates

D：originatedfromtheoptimisticattitudeofindustrializedcountries

請選擇答案：A:B:C:D:61.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethatintheauthor’scountrytheEuropeanmodelofprofessionaltrainingis________.A：dependentuponthestartingageofcandidates

B：worthtryinginvarioussocialsections

C：oflittlepracticalvalue

D：attractivetoeverykindofprofessional

請選擇答案：A:B:C:D:62.Accordingtotheauthor,basiccomputerskillsshouldbe________.A：includedasanauxiliarycourseinschool

B：highlightedinacquisitionofprofessionalqualifications

C：masteredthroughalife-longcourse

D：equallyemphasizedbyanyschool,vocationalorotherwise

請選擇答案：A:B:C:D:Text4WhenaScottishresearchteamstartledtheworldbyrevealing3monthsagothatithadclonedanadultsheep,PresidentClintonmovedswiftly.Declaringthathewasopposedtousingthisunusualanimalhusbandrytechniquetoclonehumans,heorderedthatfederalfundsnotbeusedforsuchanexperiment--althoughnoonehadproposedtodoso--andaskedanindependentpanelofexpertschairedbyPrincetonPresidentHaroldShapirotoreportbacktotheWhiteHousein90dayswithrecommendationsforanationalpolicyonhumancloning.Thatgroup--theNationalBioethicsAdvisoryCommission(NBAC)--hasbeenworkingfeverishlytoputitswisdomonpaper,andatameetingon17May,membersagreedonanear-finaldraftoftheirrecommendations.NBACwillaskthatClinton’s90-daybanonfederalfundsforhumancloningbeextendedindefinitely,andpossiblythatitbemadelaw.ButNBACmembersareplanningtowordtherecommendationnarrowlytoavoidnewrestrictionsonresearchthatinvolvesthecloningofhumanDNAorcells--routineinmolecularbiology.Thepanelhasnotyetreachedagreementonacrucialquestion,however,whethertorecommendlegislationthatwouldmakeitacrimeforprivatefundingtobeusedforhumancloning.Inadraftprefacetotherecommendations,discussedatthe17Maymeeting,Shapirosuggestedthatthepanelhadfoundabroadconsensusthatitwouldbe“morallyunacceptabletoattempttocreateahumanchildbyadultnuclearcloning.”Shapiroexplainedduringthemeetingthatthemoraldoubtstemsmainlyfromfearsabouttherisktothehealthofthechild.Thepaneltheninformallyacceptedseveralgeneralconclusions,althoughsomedetailshavenotbeensettled.NBACplanstocallforacontinuedbanonfederalgovernmentfundingforanyattempttoclonebodycellnucleitocreateachild.Becausecurrentfederallawalreadyforbidstheuseoffederalfundstocreateembryos(theearlieststageofhumanoffspringbeforebirth)forresearchortoknowinglyendangeranembryo’slife,NBACwillremainsilentonembryoresearch.NBACmembersalsoindicatedthattheywillappealtoprivatelyfundedresearchersandclinicsnottotrytoclonehumansbybodycellnucleartransfer.Buttheyweredividedonwhethertogofurtherbycallingforafederallawthatwouldimposeacompletebanonhumancloning.Shapiroandmostmembersfavoredanappealforsuchlegislation,butinaphoneinterview,hesaidthisissuewasstill“upintheair.”

請根據(jù)上面給出的內(nèi)容，來回答下面的單項選擇題（下列每小題備選答案中，只有一個符合題意的正確答案。每小題0分，共4題。）63.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat________.A：federalfundshavebeenusedinaprojecttoclonehumans

B：theWhiteHouserespondedstronglytothenewsofcloning

C：NBACwasauthorizedtocontrolthemisuseofcloningtechnique

D：theWhiteHousehasgotthepanel’srecommendationsoncloning

請選擇答案：A:B:C:D:64.Thepanelagreedonallofthefollowingexceptthat________.A：thebanonfederalfundsforhumancloningshouldbemadealaw

B：thecloningofhumanDNAisnottobeputundermorecontrol

C：itiscriminaltouseprivatefundingforhumancloning

D：itwouldbeagainstethicalvaluestocloneahumanbeing

請選擇答案：A:B:C:D:65.NBACwillleavetheissueofembryoresearchundiscussedbecause________.A：embryoresearchisjustacurrentdevelopmentofcloning

B：thehealthofthechildisnotthemainconcernofembryoresearch

C：anembryo’slifewillnotbeendangeredinembryoresearch

D：theissueisexplicitlystatedandsettledinthelaw

請選擇答案：A:B:C:D:66.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat________.A：someNBACmembershesitatetobanhumancloningcompletely

B：alawbanninghumancloningistobepassedinnotime

C：privatelyfundedresearcherswillrespondpositivelytoNBAC’sappeal

D：theissueofhumancloningwillsoonbesettled

請選擇答案：A:B:C:D:Text5Science,inpractice,dependsfarlessontheexperimentsitpreparesthanonthepreparednessofthemindsofthemenwhowatchtheexperiments.SirIsaacNewtonsupposedlydiscoveredgravitythroughthefallofanapple.Appleshadbeenfallinginmanyplacesforcenturiesandthousandsofpeoplehadseenthemfall.ButNewtonforyearshadbeencuriousaboutthecauseoftheorbitalmotionofthemoonandplanets.Whatkepttheminplace?Whydidn’ttheyfalloutofthesky?Thefactthattheapplefelldowntowardtheearthandnotupintothetreeansweredthequestionhehadbeenaskinghimselfaboutthoselargerfruitsoftheheavens,themoonandtheplanets.Howmanymenwouldhaveconsideredthepossibilityofanapplefallingupintothetree?Newtondidbecausehewasnottryingtopredictanything.Hewasjustwondering.Hismindwasreadyfortheunpredictable.Unpredictabilityispartoftheessentialnatureofresearch.Ifyoudon’thaveunpredictablethings,youdon’thaveresearch.Scientiststendtoforgetthiswhenwritingtheircutanddriedreportsforthetechnicaljournals,buthistoryisfilledwithexamplesofit.Intalkingtosomescientists,particularlyyoungerones,youmightgathertheimpressionthattheyfindthe“scientificmethod”asubstituteforimaginativethought.I’veattendedresearchconferenceswhereascientisthasbeenaskedwhathethinksabouttheadvisabilityofcontinuingacertainexperiment.Thescientisthasfrowned,lookedatthegraphs,andsaid“thedataarestillinconclusive.”“Weknowthat,”themenfromthebudgetofficehavesaid,“butwhatdoyouthink?Isitworthwhilegoingon?Whatdoyouthinkwemightexpect?”Thescientisthasbeenshockedathavingevenbeenaskedtospeculate.Whatthisamountsto,ofcourse,isthatthescientisthasbecomethevictimofhisownwritings.Hehasputforwardunquestionedclaimssoconsistentlythathenotonlybelievesthemhimself,buthasconvincedindustrialandbusinessmanagementthattheyaretrue.Ifexperimentsareplannedandcarriedoutaccordingtoplanasfaithfullyasthereportsinthesciencejournalsindicate,thenitisperfectlylogicalformanagementtoexpectresearchtoproduceresultsmeasurableindollarsandcents.Itisentirelyreasonableforauditorstobelievethatscientistswhoknowexactlywheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthereshouldnotbedistractedbythenecessityofkeepingoneeyeonthecashregisterwhiletheothereyeisonthemicroscope.Nor,ifregularityandconformitytoastandardpatternareasdesirabletothescientistasthewritingofhispaperswouldappeartoreflect,ismanagementtobeblamedfordiscriminatingagainstthe“oddballs”amongresearchersinfavorofmoreconventionalthinkerswho“workwellwiththeteam.”

請根據(jù)上面給出的內(nèi)容，來回答下面的單項選擇題（下列每小題備選答案中，只有一個符合題意的正確答案。每小題0分，共4題。）67.TheauthorwantstoprovewiththeexampleofIsaacNewtonthat________.A：inquiringmindsaremoreimportantthanscientificexperiments

B：scienceadvanceswhenfruitfulresearchesareconducted

C：scientistsseldomforgettheessentialnatureofresearch

D：unpredictabilityweighslessthanpredictioninscientificresearch

請選擇答案：A:B:C:D:68.Theauthorassertsthatscientists________.A：shouldn’treplace“scientificmethod”withimaginativethought

B：shouldn’tneglecttospeculateonunpredictablethings

C：shouldwritemoreconcisereportsfortechnicaljournals

D：shouldbeconfidentabouttheirresearchfindings

請選擇答案：A:B:C:D:69.Itseemsthatsomeyoungscientists________.A：haveakeeninterestinprediction

B：oftenspeculateonthefuture

C：thinkhighlyofcreativethinking

D：stickto“scientificmethod”

請選擇答案：A:B:C:D:70.Theauthorimpliesthattheresultsofscientificresearch________.A：maynotbeasprofitableastheyareexpected

B：canbemeasuredindollarsandcents

C：relyonconformitytoastandardpattern

D：aremostlyunderestimatedbymanagement

請選擇答案：A:B:C:D:SectionIVEnglish-ChineseTranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslateunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)71)Whiletherearealmostasmanydefinitionsofhistoryastherearehistorians,modernpracticemostcloselyconformstoonethatseeshistoryastheattempttorecreateandexplainthesignificanteventsofthepast.Caughtinthewebofitsowntimeandplace,eachgenerationofhistoriansdeterminesanewwhatissignificantforitinthepast.Inthissearchtheevidencefoundisalwaysincompleteandscattered;itisalsofrequentlypartialorpartisan.Theironyofthehistorian’sc