河北省縣名的命名

河北省縣名的命名

河北省東部的渤海。北部有燕山山脈，西部有太行山山脈，西北部有洛杉磯高原以東。海河水系的北部和中部諸河,發(fā)源于黃土高原,攜帶大量泥沙,流經(jīng)太行山以東逐漸沉積形成廣漠的沖積平原。這里土質(zhì)肥沃,是河北省的重要經(jīng)濟(jì)地區(qū)。黃河下游平原地勢低下,平均海拔五十米,在古代形成了眾多的湖泊澤藪。又因?yàn)榈叵滤惠^高,在古代排水不良的情況下,造成一些鹽堿斥鹵的地方。由于人民的辛勤勞動,開墾經(jīng)營,廣大的平原自來就是重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)地區(qū)。自然條件這樣優(yōu)越的河北省,在幾個歷史階段曾經(jīng)是漢族和其他民族雜居的地方。各族統(tǒng)治階級在這里發(fā)動過戰(zhàn)爭。戰(zhàn)國時期的燕、中山和趙國等就已經(jīng)在這里建都,以后還有一些封建王朝和政權(quán)的都城也設(shè)在這里。他們的統(tǒng)治階級的陵寢和祠廟也多在此地。這樣的自然條件和歷史狀況,都是歷代政府在這里置縣命名的來由。和河北省同處于這個廣闊平原的還有北京和天津兩直轄市。北京市有九縣,天津市有五縣。河北省有九市、一百三十七縣和兩個自治縣。九市中,石家莊市、唐山市、張家口市、秦皇島市和保定市為省或地轄市,其余四市與其駐在縣同名。所以河北省共有縣名一百三十九。河北省和北京、天津兩市只有一百五十三個縣名。自秦時始在這里置縣,歷經(jīng)兩千年,各時期所置的縣是相當(dāng)多的。迄今已知命名原因而省并的縣,共為二百二十四個,與今縣合計(jì)共為三百七十七個。這許多縣的命名的來由,可分為自然條件和人文關(guān)系兩類。兩類中又各有若干種。一、與自然條件有關(guān)的命名一省兩市的縣名,因自然條件而命名的共有十一種,茲論述如下。(一)縣南有皇縣以縣境內(nèi)的同名山命名的今縣有十三個,從北向南依次為赤城、興隆、密云、涿鹿、盧龍、房山、雄縣、平山、無極、井陘、贊皇、邯鄲,鹽山。因?yàn)槌喑强h東有赤城山[1,9,18,24,33,41,47,56,64,70,78,88,101,114,117,132,139,182,159,166,175,182],興隆縣城北有興隆山,密云縣有密云出,涿鹿縣有涿鹿山,盧龍縣附近有盧龍塞[2,10,19,25,34,42,48,57,65,71,79,118,102,115,118,133,150,160,167,183],房山縣北有房山[3,11,20,26,35,43,49,58,66,72,80,90,119,134,151,161,168,176,184],雄縣西和東南有大、小雄山,平山縣北的光祿山也叫平山[162,12,21,27,36,44,50,59,67,73,91,116,120,185,140,152,162,169,177,185],無極縣西有無極山[5,28,22,28,37,45,51,60,68,74,81,170,103,121,136,141,153,163,170,178,186],井陘縣西北有井陘山[14,23,29,38,46,52,61,69,75,82,93,104,122,137,142,164,171,179,187],皇縣南有皇山[6,15,30,39,76,62,76,83,94,105,123,138,143,154,165,172,180],邯鄲縣有邯山[7,16,31,40,54,63,77,84,95,106,124,144,155,173,181],鹽山縣東南有鹽山[8,55,96,107,125,145,156,174,188]。因山命名的古縣有十二個,以其所在今縣的地理位置,從北向南依次為龍門、縉山、軍都、狐奴、徐無、幽都、五回、靈山、常山、堯山、青山、龍崗。今赤城縣有龍門山,唐因之置龍門縣[1,9,18,24,33,41,47,56,64,70,78,88,101,114,117,132,139,182,159,166,175,182]?？N山,唐設(shè)縣,在今延慶縣,有縉云山在縣東南故名[2,10,19,25,34,42,48,57,65,71,79,118,102,115,118,133,150,160,167,183]。今昌平縣西北有軍都山,漢因置軍都縣。今順義縣有呼奴山,漢因以置狐奴縣[3,11,20,26,35,43,49,58,66,72,80,90,119,134,151,161,168,176,184]。今玉田縣有徐無山,漢置徐無縣[162,12,21,27,36,44,50,59,67,73,91,116,120,185,140,152,162,169,177,185]。今大興縣為唐朝幽都縣舊地,縣是因幽都山得名的。唐朝還在今滿城縣置五回縣,因縣西有五回山[5,28,22,28,37,45,51,60,68,74,81,170,103,121,136,141,153,163,170,178,186]。今保定縣境有靈山,隋因之置靈山縣。今曲陽有恒山,也稱常山,漢因置常山縣[14,23,29,38,46,52,61,69,75,82,93,104,122,137,142,164,171,179,187]。今隆堯有堯山,唐因之置堯山縣[6,15,30,39,76,62,76,83,94,105,123,138,143,154,165,172,180]。青山,隋設(shè)縣,在今內(nèi)丘,縣境有青山[7,16,31,40,54,63,77,84,95,106,124,144,155,173,181]。龍崗,隋設(shè)縣,在今邢臺,縣境有龍崗山[8,55,96,107,125,145,156,174,188]。(二)慶都山河北省境內(nèi)的今縣和古縣,還有既與山名相關(guān),又顯示所在方向的命名。這樣的今縣有阜平和望都兩個。前者設(shè)在山前沖積扇上,故名阜平。后者北有堯山,南依慶都山,登上堯山,可以望見慶都山,故名望都[17,32,85,108,146,157,189]。因同樣道理所設(shè)的古縣有二:一是在今蔚縣的漢當(dāng)城縣,以當(dāng)桓都山作城命名[1,9,18,24,33,41,47,56,64,70,78,88,101,114,117,132,139,182,159,166,175,182]。又一是在今曲陽的隋恒陽縣,這顯示縣在恒山之陽[2,10,19,25,34,42,48,57,65,71,79,118,102,115,118,133,150,160,167,183]。(三)平谷縣的更今平谷和陽原兩縣分別是河北省內(nèi)因谷因原命名的縣。平谷縣設(shè)在四山高聳、中間寬平的谷地中,因而就叫平谷。陽原縣在盤崖山南、黃土原上,就以此命名。(四)今縣有廣平河北省多平原曠野,因而有些縣的命名,就顯示這樣的特征。這樣命名的今縣有廣平,古縣有隆平。廣平縣雖有轆轤、紫荊二山,形同崗阜,不足以山相稱,縣境平衍,故名廣平。隆平,在今隆堯縣,隋時曾稱大陸,本為大陸澤故地,澤水湮塞,地勢隆起高平,縣名當(dāng)由此而起。(五)丘縣,平丘山在山地側(cè)近和廣闊的平原之上,還有起伏的丘阜。在丘阜附近置縣,則因丘為名。這樣的今縣有三個,即任丘、館陶和丘縣。任丘縣西北有土丘,傳說為任將軍墓。任將軍無可稽考,縣卻因之命名。館陶是因?yàn)閼?zhàn)國時趙國置館于陶丘之側(cè),漢代因而置縣的[3,11,20,26,35,43,49,58,66,72,80,90,119,134,151,161,168,176,184]。丘縣,平丘山在縣治東,雖僅小丘,縣因以命名[162,12,21,27,36,44,50,59,67,73,91,116,120,185,140,152,162,169,177,185]。因丘為名的,還有三個古縣。今安平縣有谷丘,漢代因置谷丘縣。今束鹿縣北有鄔阜,漢代曾置縣[5,28,22,28,37,45,51,60,68,74,81,170,103,121,136,141,153,163,170,178,186]。今成安縣南有斥丘,漢代因置斥丘縣[14,23,29,38,46,52,61,69,75,82,93,104,122,137,142,164,171,179,187]。(六)水縣的縣海河支流眾多,水系發(fā)達(dá),在河流流徑的地方置縣,多以河為名。這樣的今縣有二十三個。潮白河及其支流所徑的有武清、香河、昌平。薊運(yùn)河所徑的有寧河。灤河及其支流所徑的有沽源、灤縣、灤平、青龍。泃河所徑的有三河。永定河及其支流所徑的有蔚縣。大清河及其支流所徑的有淶源、淶水、涿縣、易縣、霸縣、清苑、徐水。子牙河及其支流所徑的衡水、新河、沙河、任縣。南運(yùn)河所徑的有清河。漳河所徑的有涉縣。武清縣有清河[1,9,18,24,33,41,47,56,64,70,78,88,101,114,117,132,139,182,159,166,175,182]。香河縣東有香河。南沙河又名昌平水,在昌平城南[2,10,19,25,34,42,48,57,65,71,79,118,102,115,118,133,150,160,167,183]。寧河縣近寧東沽河。沽源縣為古沽河發(fā)源地。灤縣和灤平縣都有灤河。青龍縣在青龍河西。三河縣地近七渡、鮑丘、溝河三條河流[3,11,20,26,35,43,49,58,66,72,80,90,119,134,151,161,168,176,184]。蔚縣有蔚汾水。淶源縣和淶水縣都有淶水。涿縣東南有涿水[162,12,21,27,36,44,50,59,67,73,91,116,120,185,140,152,162,169,177,185]。易縣南有易水[5,28,22,28,37,45,51,60,68,74,81,170,103,121,136,141,153,163,170,178,186]。霸縣南有霸水。清苑縣有清苑河[14,23,29,38,46,52,61,69,75,82,93,104,122,137,142,164,171,179,187]。徐水縣北有徐河。衡水縣在長蘆河西。長蘆河原為衡漳故瀆[6,15,30,39,76,62,76,83,94,105,123,138,143,154,165,172,180]。新河縣南的一段長蘆河別稱為新河。沙河縣南有沙河[7,16,31,40,54,63,77,84,95,106,124,144,155,173,181]。任縣有任水[8,55,96,107,125,145,156,174,188]。清河?xùn)|南有清河。涉縣的清漳水有涉河之稱[17,32,85,108,146,157,189]。這樣因河命名的古縣,潮白河及其支流流徑的有漢置的潞縣和雍奴,五代置的玉河,明置的漷縣。灤河流徑的有漢置的陽樂。永定河及其支流流徑的有漢置的寧縣、廣陽、桑干、且如,遼置的順圣。大清河流徑的有漢置的曲逆。子牙河流徑的有漢置的綿曼、廣川,隋置的洺水、長河。南運(yùn)河流徑的有隋置的浮水,五代置的長蘆。漳河流徑的有漢置的洹水,后魏置的索盧,隋置的清漳。共為二十縣。潞縣和漷縣都在今通縣境內(nèi)。前者縣境有潞水,后者縣境有漷河。雍奴在今武清縣,縣境有雍奴水。玉河縣在今昌平縣境,當(dāng)?shù)赜杏袢?一名玉河。陽樂縣在今撫寧縣,有陽樂水。寧縣在今宣化縣,有寧川水。廣陽縣在今房山縣,縣東有廣陽河。桑干在今蔚縣,縣有桑千水[1,9,18,24,33,41,47,56,64,70,78,88,101,114,117,132,139,182,159,166,175,182]。且如在今宣化縣,有沮如水,也稱且如水[2,10,19,25,34,42,48,57,65,71,79,118,102,115,118,133,150,160,167,183]。順圣在今張家口市,因城南順圣川為名[3,11,20,26,35,43,49,58,66,72,80,90,119,134,151,161,168,176,184]。曲逆縣在今完縣,濡水也稱曲逆水,在縣西北[162,12,21,27,36,44,50,59,67,73,91,116,120,185,140,152,162,169,177,185]。綿曼在今獲鹿縣,縣西有綿曼水。廣川縣后改為長河縣,在今棗強(qiáng)縣,有長河流經(jīng)[5,28,22,28,37,45,51,60,68,74,81,170,103,121,136,141,153,163,170,178,186]。洺水在今曲周縣,縣西近洺河。浮水和長蘆都在今滄縣,縣境有浮河和長蘆水[14,23,29,38,46,52,61,69,75,82,93,104,122,137,142,164,171,179,187]。洹水在今大名縣,有洹水[6,15,30,39,76,62,76,83,94,105,123,138,143,154,165,172,180]。索盧在今棗強(qiáng)縣,有索盧水。清漳在今肥鄉(xiāng)縣,縣南濱清漳河[7,16,31,40,54,63,77,84,95,106,124,144,155,173,181]。(七)在等河環(huán)曲周布有些在水側(cè)的縣,往往在命名中顯示一定的方位。這樣的縣,現(xiàn)在有在大清河及其支流之側(cè)的高陽、博野。有在子牙河及其支流之側(cè)的交河、河間、饒陽、曲周。有在漳河之側(cè)的臨漳。共為七縣。高陽縣在高河之陽。在博水近處的平原上置縣,就叫博野[1,9,18,24,33,41,47,56,64,70,78,88,101,114,117,132,139,182,159,166,175,182]。交河縣在滹沱、高河二水交會處。河間縣位于河、漳之間[2,10,19,25,34,42,48,57,65,71,79,118,102,115,118,133,150,160,167,183]。饒陽在饒河之北[3,11,20,26,35,43,49,58,66,72,80,90,119,134,151,161,168,176,184]。曲周是因漳河、滏陽等河環(huán)曲周布在縣境得名。臨漳縣在清漳和濁漳二水會合處[162,12,21,27,36,44,50,59,67,73,91,116,120,185,140,152,162,169,177,185]。這樣命名的古縣有些早已省并。雖說省并,僅就縣名仍可略見一斑。這些縣在潮白河及其支流之側(cè)的有漢所置的漁陽、金所置的溫陽。渝河之側(cè)有清代置的臨渝。泃河之側(cè)有石趙置的臨泃。大清河及其支流之側(cè)有秦置的范陽,曹魏置的蒲陰,隋所置的滋陽。子牙河及其支流之側(cè)有漢置的中水、堂陽,魏置的臨水,隋置的臨洺,五代置的滏陽,金所置的會川。南運(yùn)河及其支流之側(cè)有漢置的浮陽,唐置的清陽。漳河之側(cè)有隋置的漳陰和漳南。共為十七個縣。漁陽在今密云縣,南有漁水[5,28,22,28,37,45,51,60,68,74,81,170,103,121,136,141,153,163,170,178,186]。溫陽在今懷柔縣,南有溫余河。臨渝在今秦皇島市,臨近渝河。臨泃在今三河縣,城臨泃水。范陽在今易縣,南臨范水。蒲陰在今安國縣,地處蒲河之東南[14,23,29,38,46,52,61,69,75,82,93,104,122,137,142,164,171,179,187]。滋陽在今行唐縣,南有滋水。中水縣在今獻(xiàn)縣,地處滹沱河與高河之間[1,9,18,24,33,41,47,56,64,70,78,88,101,114,117,132,139,182,159,166,175,182],堂陽在今新河縣,縣置于堂河之陽[2,10,19,25,34,42,48,57,65,71,79,118,102,115,118,133,150,160,167,183]。臨水在今磁縣,城近滏水。臨洺在今永年縣,北濱洺水[3,11,20,26,35,43,49,58,66,72,80,90,119,134,151,161,168,176,184]。滏陽在今磁縣,城在滏水之陽[162,12,21,27,36,44,50,59,67,73,91,116,120,185,140,152,162,169,177,185]。浮陽在今滄縣,浮水在縣南。清陽在今清河縣,地處清河之陽。漳陰在今大名縣,新漳和舊漳二河俱在城南[5,28,22,28,37,45,51,60,68,74,81,170,103,121,136,141,153,163,170,178,186]。漳南在今棗強(qiáng)縣,縣有漳水,城居水南[14,23,29,38,46,52,61,69,75,82,93,104,122,137,142,164,171,179,187]。(八)“泉澤”的命名河北省境內(nèi),在古代多泉澤,所以有些縣就以泉澤為名。迄今依然沿用的有獲鹿、武邑、寧晉、巨鹿、雞澤、深澤六縣。獲鹿縣有白鹿泉[6,15,30,39,76,62,76,83,94,105,123,138,143,154,165,172,180]。武邑縣西北有武強(qiáng)湖。寧晉縣境內(nèi)有寧晉泊。巨鹿縣近大陸澤[7,16,31,40,54,63,77,84,95,106,124,144,155,173,181]。雞澤縣境內(nèi)有雞澤。深澤縣是以縣境的水澤深廣為名[8,55,96,107,125,145,156,174,188]。古縣因泉澤命名的從南向北依次為扶柳、大陸、廣阿、候井、陸南、鹿泉、清池、盧奴、雍奴,共九縣。漢扶柳在今冀縣,縣境有扶澤,澤中多柳,故曰扶柳[1,9,18,24,33,41,47,56,64,70,78,88,101,114,117,132,139,182,159,166,175,182]。今寧晉,漢為廣阿,隋為大陸,廣阿和大陸皆為澤名,其實(shí)兩者本是一澤,僅前后名稱稍異。今東光縣在漢代有房將池,傳說池水每日增減不失時候,而池形窄小似井,其側(cè)置縣,故稱候井[2,10,19,25,34,42,48,57,65,71,79,118,102,115,118,133,150,160,167,183]。唐陸澤在今深縣,縣南有大陸澤[3,11,20,26,35,43,49,58,66,72,80,90,119,134,151,161,168,176,184]。隋鹿泉在今獲鹿縣,鹿泉在縣南[162,12,21,27,36,44,50,59,67,73,91,116,120,185,140,152,162,169,177,185]。隋清池在今滄縣,縣東南有仵清池[5,28,22,28,37,45,51,60,68,74,81,170,103,121,136,141,153,163,170,178,186]。漢盧奴在今定縣,城內(nèi)西北隅有盧奴池[14,23,29,38,46,52,61,69,75,82,93,104,122,137,142,164,171,179,187]。漢雍奴在今武清縣,地近雍奴澤[6,15,30,39,76,62,76,83,94,105,123,138,143,154,165,172,180]。(九)魯城、魏戍口、普遍居市的縣河北省境內(nèi),不僅河流眾多,且水渠縱橫。渠旁則往往有堤,因而就有以渠和堤命名的縣。這些縣是長豐、魯城、虜口、邯溝、高堤、平堤。只是這些縣都早已省并了。長豐、唐置縣,在今任邱縣,縣北有長豐渠。魯城,隋置縣,在今滄縣,境內(nèi)有平魯渠[7,16,31,40,54,63,77,84,95,106,124,144,155,173,181]。后魏虜口縣,在今饒陽縣,縣城就在虜渠口[1,9,18,24,33,41,47,56,64,70,78,88,101,114,117,132,139,182,159,166,175,182]。漢邯溝在今肥鄉(xiāng)縣,邯溝渠就在縣境[2,10,19,25,34,42,48,57,65,71,79,118,102,115,118,133,150,160,167,183]。高堤和平堤都為漢縣,在今棗強(qiáng)縣境內(nèi)?？h以堤名,自與當(dāng)?shù)氐贪队嘘P(guān)。(十)靜?？h東北濱海河北省東頻大海,一些縣就因海命名。這樣的縣有靜海和海興兩個。今靜海縣東北濱海。元代始置縣,這里是海道咽喉,縣的取名,當(dāng)有祈望風(fēng)平浪靜,以利運(yùn)輸?shù)暮x。海興縣為解放后新置縣。其命名當(dāng)與臨近渤海有關(guān)。民國時還置有新?？h。(十一)u3000形因當(dāng)?shù)赝临|(zhì)命名的縣,現(xiàn)在有豐潤和豐寧;古縣有斥漳和饒安。豐潤縣因方圓數(shù)百里內(nèi)都是近海低濕、平曠可耕的地方而得名。豐寧縣,城東有地名洛爾哈朗圖,蒙古語是安樂所的意思;城東北有地名阿穆呼朗圖,蒙古語是康寧的意思,顯示當(dāng)?shù)厮拭?、牧草豐實(shí)。豐寧的命名,亦同此意。后漢饒安在今滄縣,以當(dāng)?shù)刎S饒可以安人命名[3,11,20,26,35,43,49,58,66,72,80,90,119,134,151,161,168,176,184]。漢斥漳在今曲周縣,是因?yàn)檎乃鹘?jīng)城的附近,土地斥鹵故名[162,12,21,27,36,44,50,59,67,73,91,116,120,185,140,152,162,169,177,185]。因物產(chǎn)命名的今縣有棗強(qiáng)、寶坻、玉田三個。古縣為滑鹽。棗強(qiáng)縣以棗木強(qiáng)盛命名[5,28,22,28,37,45,51,60,68,74,81,170,103,121,136,141,153,163,170,178,186]。寶坻產(chǎn)鹽,鹽利富庶,故稱寶坻[14,23,29,38,46,52,61,69,75,82,93,104,122,137,142,164,171,179,187]。玉田縣在無終山下,無終山曾經(jīng)產(chǎn)過玉。漢置滑鹽在今平谷縣。因當(dāng)?shù)禺a(chǎn)鹽命名[1,9,18,24,33,41,47,56,64,70,78,88,101,114,117,132,139,182,159,166,175,182]。二、由于人與人之間的關(guān)系因人文關(guān)系命名的具有十五種。(一)在今屬縣縣城設(shè)在古國、國都、城邑的基礎(chǔ)上或臨近它們的舊址,就因襲舊稱為縣名。這樣命名的今縣共有十七個。因古國命名的僅有邢臺。邢臺是因春秋邢國置縣的。因舊都為名的縣是靈壽和魏縣。靈壽本戰(zhàn)國時中山國的都城[2,10,19,25,34,42,48,57,65,71,79,118,102,115,118,133,150,160,167,183]。魏縣乃戰(zhàn)國時魏武侯的別都[3,11,20,26,35,43,49,58,66,72,80,90,119,134,151,161,168,176,184]。因古城邑命名的縣則有十四個。石家莊地區(qū)有高邑、新樂、元氏、行唐、欒城,邯鄲地區(qū)有肥鄉(xiāng)、武安。邢臺地區(qū)有臨城、柏鄉(xiāng)。保定地區(qū)有滿城、唐縣。張家口地區(qū)有宣化、萬金。衡水地區(qū)有武強(qiáng)。高邑縣,本為春秋時鄗邑[162,12,21,27,36,44,50,59,67,73,91,116,120,185,140,152,162,169,177,185]。新樂縣,取新樂故城為名[5,28,22,28,37,45,51,60,68,74,81,170,103,121,136,141,153,163,170,178,186]。元氏縣,因戰(zhàn)國時趙公子元封地為名[14,23,29,38,46,52,61,69,75,82,93,104,122,137,142,164,171,179,187]。行唐縣,本戰(zhàn)國時趙國的南行唐邑[6,15,30,39,76,62,76,83,94,105,123,138,143,154,165,172,180]。欒城縣,取舊欒城為名[7,16,31,40,54,63,77,84,95,106,124,144,155,173,181]。肥鄉(xiāng)縣,本戰(zhàn)國時趙國的城邑[1,9,18,24,33,41,47,56,64,70,78,88,101,114,117,132,139,182,159,166,175,182]。武安縣,也是戰(zhàn)國時趙國的城邑[2,10,19,25,34,42,48,57,65,71,79,118,102,115,118,133,150,160,167,183]。臨城縣,春秋時晉國的臨邑在縣的西南[3,11,20,26,35,43,49,58,66,72,80,90,119,134,151,161,168,176,184]。柏鄉(xiāng)縣,遙取漢柏鄉(xiāng)為名[162,12,21,27,36,44,50,59,67,73,91,116,120,185,140,152,162,169,177,185]。滿城以縣北滿城為名[5,28,22,28,37,45,51,60,68,74,81,170,103,121,136,141,153,163,170,178,186]。宣化縣,用金時宣化州、明時宣府衛(wèi)舊名。萬全縣,用明代萬全右衛(wèi)名。武強(qiáng)縣,因故武強(qiáng)城舊名。這樣命名的古縣共有四十四個。以古國為名的古縣有漢代的蓨縣(條縣、脩縣)、令支、代縣、無終、肥纍。隋代的鼓城、鮮虞,共七縣。蓨縣在今景縣,以春秋條國置縣[14,23,29,38,46,52,61,69,75,82,93,104,122,137,142,164,171,179,187]。令支在今遷安縣,本春秋時山戎屬國。代縣在今蔚縣,本古代國[6,15,30,39,76,62,76,83,94,105,123,138,143,154,165,172,180]。無終在今薊縣,因古無終子國為名[7,16,31,40,54,63,77,84,95,106,124,144,155,173,181]。肥纍在今槀城縣,因古肥子國置[8,55,96,107,125,145,156,174,188]。鼓城在今晉縣,以春秋時鼓國命名[17,32,85,108,146,157,189]。鮮虞在今定縣,本春秋時鮮虞國[86,126,147,158,190]。以故都為名的古縣有秦置的薊縣、信都,十六國時期代國置的大寧,共三個。薊縣,在今北京市,乃周時燕國的國都。信都在今冀縣[97,109,127,148]。大寧在今宣化縣,曾為拓跋氏代國都城。以古城邑為名的古縣有三十四個。它們是漢置的方城、武垣、武遂、宋子、張縣、棘蒲、南、石邑、蒲吾、鄗縣、昌城、千童、九門、鄚縣、柏人、北平、肥如、武始、曲梁、房子、南行唐、東垣、曲逆、楊氏。東魏置的平邑。隋置的冠氏、安宜,柏肆、鹿城、象城、馬陵。唐置的陘邑、板城。金置的葛城。方城在今固安縣,本為戰(zhàn)國時燕的方城邑。武垣縣在今河間縣,本為戰(zhàn)國武垣邑[1,9,18,24,33,41,47,56,64,70,78,88,101,114,117,132,139,182,159,166,175,182]。武隧在今武強(qiáng)縣境,有戰(zhàn)國時趙武隧邑[2,10,19,25,34,42,48,57,65,71,79,118,102,115,118,133,150,160,167,183]。宋子在今趙縣,以戰(zhàn)國時趙宋子邑置[3,11,20,26,35,43,49,58,66,72,80,90,119,134,151,161,168,176,184]。張縣在今任縣本、春秋時晉張邑。棘蒲縣也在今趙縣,本春秋時晉棘蒲邑[162,12,21,27,36,44,50,59,67,73,91,116,120,185,140,152,162,169,177,185]。南在今鉅鹿縣,本春秋時晉邑,其后南徙,故稱南縣。石邑在今獲鹿,本為戰(zhàn)國時中山國邑[5,28,22,28,37,45,51,60,68,74,81,170,103,121,136,141,153,163,170,178,186]。蒲吾在今平山縣,以戰(zhàn)國時番吾邑名縣[14,23,29,38,46,52,61,69,75,82,93,104,122,137,142,164,171,179,187]。鄗縣在柏鄉(xiāng)縣,本春秋時晉邑[6,15,30,39,76,62,76,83,94,105,123,138,143,154,165,172,180]。昌城在今冀縣,以戰(zhàn)國時趙昌城邑為名[7,16,31,40,54,63,77,84,95,106,124,144,155,173,181]。千童在今鹽山縣,取秦千童城為名[8,55,96,107,125,145,156,174,188]。九門在今稾城,本戰(zhàn)國時趙邑[17,32,85,108,146,157,189]。鄚縣在今任丘縣,本為戰(zhàn)國時趙鄚邑[86,126,147,158,190]。柏人在今唐山縣,本為春秋時晉邑[97,109,127,148]。北平在今滿城,本戰(zhàn)國時趙城。肥如在今盧龍縣,本為戰(zhàn)國時燕邑。武始在今邯鄲縣,本為戰(zhàn)國時韓邑。曲梁在今永年縣,本為春秋時晉邑[1,9,18,24,33,41,47,56,64,70,78,88,101,114,117,132,139,182,159,166,175,182]。房子在今高邑縣,以戰(zhàn)國時趙房子邑為名[2,10,19,25,34,42,48,57,65,71,79,118,102,115,118,133,150,160,167,183]。南行唐在今行唐縣,本戰(zhàn)國時趙南行唐邑[3,11,20,26,35,43,49,58,66,72,80,90,119,134,151,161,168,176,184]。東垣在今正定縣,因中山東垣邑為名[162,12,21,27,36,44,50,59,67,73,91,116,120,185,140,152,162,169,177,185]。曲逆在今完縣,以戰(zhàn)國時燕曲逆邑為名[5,28,22,28,37,45,51,60,68,74,81,170,103,121,136,141,153,163,170,178,186]。平邑在今南樂縣,其地本戰(zhàn)國時趙的平邑[14,23,29,38,46,52,61,69,75,82,93,104,122,137,142,164,171,179,187]。楊氏在今寧晉縣,以春秋時晉楊氏邑為名[6,15,30,39,76,62,76,83,94,105,123,138,143,154,165,172,180]。冠氏在今館陶縣,以古冠氏邑為名[7,16,31,40,54,63,77,84,95,106,124,144,155,173,181]。宣安在今槀城縣,以戰(zhàn)國時趙宜安邑為名[8,55,96,107,125,145,156,174,188]。柏肆也在今槀城縣,因晉柏肆塢置。鹿城在今深縣、因縣東故鹿城為名[17,32,85,108,146,157,189]。象氏在今寧晉縣,以縣西北古象城置[86,126,147,158,190]。馬陵在今大名縣,因戰(zhàn)國時趙馬陵邑置[97,109,127,148]。陘邑在今無極縣,本戰(zhàn)國時中山之苦陘邑。板城在今淶水縣北,因漢板城為名。葛城在今安新縣,以戰(zhàn)國時燕國葛地置縣。(二)以封建市為誘餌因封邑為名的今縣有廣宗、安國。漢平帝元始二年封代王元孫之子如意為廣宗王,后漢因置廣宗縣。漢初封王陵為安國侯,后因以置安國縣。(三)同名義縣的分布有些縣是由當(dāng)代府、州、軍降級改稱的,或由鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)升置的,就以它們的原來名稱名縣。還有雖然不是由當(dāng)代已有的建置升降,然因設(shè)在已有的建置的舊地,也沿襲舊名的。這樣的今縣從北向南依次為平泉、順義、寬城、延慶、薊縣、威縣、通縣、大廠回族自治縣、大興、樂亭、蠡縣、完縣、青縣、定縣、正定、滄縣、獻(xiàn)縣、孟村回族自治縣、晉縣、深縣、景縣、吳橋、趙縣、冀縣、柏鄉(xiāng)、故城、平鄉(xiāng)、磁縣、大名。共二十九縣。平鄉(xiāng)和柏鄉(xiāng)二縣是由同名鄉(xiāng)升為縣的,縣名本身就是最好的說明。大廠回族自治縣、孟村回族自治縣是由同名村升為縣的。平泉、延慶、薊縣、威縣、通縣、蠡縣、完縣、定縣、滄縣、獻(xiàn)縣、晉縣、趙縣、深縣、景縣、冀縣和磁縣是由同名州降為縣的。順義和青縣分別是由順州和清州降為縣的。正定縣是正定衛(wèi)降為縣的。承德、大興、大名三縣因同名府降為縣的。這樣命名的古縣有漢置的陵鄉(xiāng)、臨鄉(xiāng)、西鄉(xiāng)、州鄉(xiāng)、樂鄉(xiāng)、良鄉(xiāng)、安鄉(xiāng)、歷鄉(xiāng)、樂安、平恩、安陵、歷城。北魏置的貴鄉(xiāng)、樂壽。隋置的長樂、遼西、蕪蔞。唐置的白起。五代時置的廣鄉(xiāng)、靜安。宋置的平塞、當(dāng)城、乾寧。遼置的析津。金所置的信安、永濟(jì)、陽門、宣德、興化、益津。元置的興濟(jì)。明置東安。清置的天津。共三十三縣。陵鄉(xiāng)在今清河縣[1,9,18,24,33,41,47,56,64,70,78,88,101,114,117,132,139,182,159,166,175,182],臨鄉(xiāng)和良鄉(xiāng)在今涿縣,西鄉(xiāng)在今房山縣,州鄉(xiāng)在今河間縣,樂鄉(xiāng)在今深縣,安鄉(xiāng)在今晉縣,厲鄉(xiāng)在今寧晉縣,樂安在今樂亭縣[2,10,19,25,34,42,48,57,65,71,79,118,102,115,118,133,150,160,167,183],平恩在今館陶縣[3,11,20,26,35,43,49,58,66,72,80,90,119,134,151,161,168,176,184],安陵在今吳橋縣[162,12,21,27,36,44,50,59,67,73,91,116,120,185,140,152,162,169,177,185],貴鄉(xiāng)在今大名縣[1,9,18,24,33,41,47,56,64,70,78,88,101,114,117,132,139,182,159,166,175,182],樂壽在今獻(xiàn)縣。蕪蔞在今饒陽縣[2,10,19,25,34,42,48,57,65,71,79,118,102,115,118,133,150,160,167,183],廣鄉(xiāng)在今任縣,都是由同名鄉(xiāng)亭升為縣的。白起在今鉅鹿[3,11,20,26,35,43,49,58,66,72,80,90,119,134,151,161,168,176,184],當(dāng)城在今靜海[162,12,21,27,36,44,50,59,67,73,91,116,120,185,140,152,162,169,177,185],厲城在今棗強(qiáng)[5,28,22,28,37,45,51,60,68,74,81,170,103,121,136,141,153,163,170,178,186],益津在今永清[14,23,29,38,46,52,61,69,75,82,93,104,122,137,142,164,171,179,187],興濟(jì)在今青縣[6,15,30,39,76,62,76,83,94,105,123,138,143,154,165,172,180],都是由同名城砦、渡口、關(guān)隘升為縣的。陽門在今懷安縣,由同名鎮(zhèn)升為縣的[7,16,31,40,54,63,77,84,95,106,124,144,155,173,181]。長樂在今信都縣,遼西在今順義縣[8,55,96,107,125,145,156,174,188],是以同名郡降為縣的。宣德在今宣化縣,與宣德州同置,乃以州名名縣[17,32,85,108,146,157,189],東安在今安次,以州名名縣。析津在今大興縣,為同名府治所,故名。天津在今天津市直沽區(qū),明代在這里置天津三衛(wèi),清初改衛(wèi)為州,又升為府,因以置天津縣。靜安在今深縣[86,126,147,158,190],平塞在今易縣[97,109,127,148],乾寧在今青縣,信安在今霸縣,興化在今灤縣,都是以同名軍改置的。永濟(jì)在今豐潤,乃由永濟(jì)務(wù)改稱。因?yàn)樽值囊?、形相?有些縣就用與原來城鎮(zhèn)名相近的字命名。這樣命名的今縣有藁城,是隋時以高城縣改稱的[1,9,18,24,33,41,47,56,64,70,78,88,101,114,117,132,139,182,159,166,175,182],安新縣則是由元新安縣改稱的。古縣有章鄉(xiāng)、莫縣、長鄉(xiāng)、渥城和魯城五個。章鄉(xiāng)在今滄州,這里本為童鄉(xiāng)亭,漢因章字與童字形相類,即以章鄉(xiāng)為縣名[2,10,19,25,34,42,48,57,65,71,79,118,102,115,118,133,150,160,167,183]。莫縣在今任邱,唐景云時為鄚州,開元時以鄚字類鄭,改為莫縣[3,11,20,26,35,43,49,58,66,72,80,90,119,134,151,161,168,176,184]。長鄉(xiāng)在今固安,本為陽鄉(xiāng)城,晉以長、陽兩字音相近,置長鄉(xiāng)縣,北魏又改為萇鄉(xiāng)縣[162,12,21,27,36,44,50,59,67,73,91,116,120,185,140,152,162,169,177,185]。渥城在今新安,本為混泥城、因渥、混兩字音相近,金因以置渥城縣[5,28,22,28,37,45,51,60,68,74,81,170,103,121,136,141,153,163,170,178,186]。魯城縣在今滄縣,原為平虜城,隋以魯、虜兩字音相類,故置魯城縣[14,23,29,38,46,52,61,69,75,82,93,104,122,137,142,164,171,179,187](五)以這兩個縣的名義合成命名以兩縣第一字合成為名,僅有現(xiàn)在隆堯縣,隆堯是由堯山和隆平兩縣各取第一字為名。(六)在和城縣,均在其北,行使總工夫,現(xiàn)在前三縣,2人因地理位置對稱的命名,可以顯示出新置縣的方位及其特點(diǎn)。這樣命名的今縣有十個。它們是南皮、東光、文安、南和、安次、張北、豐南、灤南、臨西、遷西。前五個縣都是漢代建置,后五個縣都是現(xiàn)代建置。南皮是因?yàn)楹捅逼ねΨQ命名的。北皮亭在當(dāng)時的章武縣(今滄州市東)[6,15,30,39,76,62,76,83,94,105,123,138,143,154,165,172,180]。漢陳留郡有東昏,相對地,新置縣就叫東光[1,9,18,24,33,41,47,56,64,70,78,88,101,114,117,132,139,182,159,166,175,182]。文安縣是因?yàn)閼?zhàn)國時趙的武平在今文安縣北而命名的[2,10,19,25,34,42,48,57,65,71,79,118,102,115,118,133,150,160,167,183]。南和縣在和城之南[3,11,20,26,35,43,49,58,66,72,80,90,119,134,151,161,168,176,184]。安次縣是因?yàn)榭h在東安之側(cè)。張北縣設(shè)在張家口之北。豐南和灤南兩縣分別在豐潤和灤縣之南。臨西和遷西兩縣分別在臨清和遷安之西。這樣命名的古縣有十五個。它們是漢置的上曲陽、下曲陽、東武城、東平舒、北新城、東安陽、東垣、下博、上博、東昌、陰鄉(xiāng)、陽鄉(xiāng),曹魏置的東武垣、西武垣,北魏置的西章武。上曲陽在今曲陽,下曲陽在今晉縣。兩者地理位置對稱,故有上、下之稱[162,12,21,27,36,44,50,59,67,73,91,116,120,185,140,152,162,169,177,185]。東武城在今故城縣,以當(dāng)時定襄郡有武城,故此加?xùn)|字[5,28,22,28,37,45,51,60,68,74,81,170,103,121,136,141,153,163,170,178,186]。東平舒在今大城,因當(dāng)時代郡有平舒城,故此加?xùn)|字[14,23,29,38,46,52,61,69,75,82,93,104,122,137,142,164,171,179,187]。北新城在今遂城縣,因當(dāng)時河間國有新城,這里在新城之北,故名[6,15,30,39,76,62,76,83,94,105,123,138,143,154,165,172,180]。東安陽在今蔚縣,以五原有西安陽縣,故此加?xùn)|字[7,16,31,40,54,63,77,84,95,106,124,144,155,173,181]。東垣在今正定縣,以當(dāng)時河?xùn)|郡有垣縣,這里加?xùn)|字[8,55,96,107,125,145,156,174,188]東昌在今武邑縣,是因西有昌城,故加?xùn)|字[17,32,85,108,146,157,189]。陰鄉(xiāng)和陽鄉(xiāng),分別在今大興和固安,以陰陽相稱,顯示其間是對稱的。東武垣和西武垣在今河間縣。曹魏引滹沱河水,移武垣于故城之東,稱東武垣,遂稱故城為西武垣[86,126,147,158,190]。西章武在今大城,因在章武之西故名[97,109,127,148]。只有上博和下博兩縣稍顯得例外。上博在今冀縣,因在博水上游故名[1,9,18,24,33,41,47,56,64,70,78,88,101,114,117,132,139,182,159,166,175,182];下博在今深縣,乃是由于當(dāng)時太山郡有博縣,故在這里加下字[2,10,19,25,34,42,48,57,65,71,79,118,102,115,118,133,150,160,167,183]。(七)在縣域與在關(guān)注循寧縣、政治區(qū)的2.反映各族關(guān)系的今縣有唐置的永清、懷柔、懷安、撫寧,后唐置的遵化,宋置的肅寧,遼置的懷來等,共七縣。永清縣是以邊境永清為名[3,11,20,26,35,43,49,58,66,72,80,90,119,134,151,161,168,176,184]。懷柔縣,因安置契丹部落于這里而命名[162,12,21,27,36,44,50,59,67,73,91,116,120,185,140,152,162,169,177,185]。懷安縣亦是當(dāng)與所謂戎人部族有關(guān)命名的[5,28,22,28,37,45,51,60,68,74,81,170,103,121,136,141,153,163,170,178,186]。撫寧縣,當(dāng)以安撫契丹等族為名[14,23,29,38,46,52,61,69,75,82,93,104,122,137,142,164,171,179,187]。遵化縣,當(dāng)時地屬邊境,故以為名。肅寧本為宋初平虜砦,乃宋遼交界之地,后因以置縣[6,15,30,39,76,62,76,83,94,105,123,138,143,154,165,172,180]。懷來的命名也與所謂戎人部落有關(guān)[7,16,31,40,54,63,77,84,95,106,124,144,155,173,181]。這樣命名的古縣有漢置的獷平,唐置的循忠、全忠、懷戎,金置的威寧、宣和、宣德、宣平,共八縣。獷平在今密云[8,55,96,107,125,145,156,174,188]。循忠也名狥忠,在今滿城,因經(jīng)契丹貴族圍攻七旬不克,故名[17,32,85,108,146,157,189]。全忠在今容城,契丹貴族進(jìn)擾,固守得全,因以為名[86,126,147,158,190]。懷戎在今懷來。威寧、宣和、宣德皆在今懷安縣。宣平在今萬全縣。這些縣的命名,都有企望邊地安寧平定的意思。顯示戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)果命名的,僅有一個古縣真定。這是漢縣,在今正定。這個縣本來是稱為東垣的,漢初陳豨將趙利在這里堅(jiān)守,高祖自將攻取,所以改為真定[1,9,18,24,33,41,47,56,64,70,78,88,101,114,117,132,139,182,159,166,175,182]。(八)新縣縣,即在舊督昌地置縣,為古縣的縣,新縣,原縣即在縣今康保、隆化、尚義、崇禮、昌黎、定興、安平、阜城、束鹿、新城等十縣,都是前代一些王朝因祈望安定祥瑞而命名的。康?？h,取康寧永保的意思[2,10,19,25,34,42,48,57,65,71,79,118,102,115,118,133,150,160,167,183]。隆化、尚義、崇禮三縣都是企望祥瑞之意。昌黎本為遼的廣寧縣,以所俘定州百姓置。金時因?yàn)樗蛷V寧府重名,更名昌黎,取昌盛黎民的意思。定興縣,以安定興望為名[3,11,20,26,35,43,49,58,66,72,80,90,119,134,151,161,168,176,184]。安平縣,實(shí)際是平安的意思。阜城縣,取《尚書》“阜成兆民”的意思命名[162,12,21,27,36,44,50,59,67,73,91,116,120,185,140,152,162,169,177,185]。束鹿縣,本為隋鹿城,因安祿山叛亂,唐玄宗改它為束鹿[5,28,22,28,37,45,51,60,68,74,81,170,103,121,136,141,153,163,170,178,186]。唐朝在舊督亢地置縣,就叫新城。因祈望安定祥瑞而命名的古縣有二十一個。即北平、安喜、安險(xiǎn)、寧縣、新昌、漢昌、魏昌、隋昌、趙安、豐利、唐昌、普寧、武隆、武昌、興唐、永昌、永安、寧津、永寧、萬寧、新安。北平,秦置,在今玉田縣,因依燕山為板筑,故曰北平。漢安喜和安險(xiǎn)皆在今定縣。縣在唐河之西,山高岸險(xiǎn),故曰安險(xiǎn);邑豐民安故曰安喜[14,23,29,38,46,52,61,69,75,82,93,104,122,137,142,164,171,179,187]。漢寧縣在今宣化縣,為西部都尉治所,取安寧的意思。漢新昌在今新城縣,是在古督亢地置縣,當(dāng)取新縣昌盛的意思[6,15,30,39,76,62,76,83,94,105,123,138,143,154,165,172,180]。今無極縣,本為苦陘縣,后漢章帝北巡此地,改為漢昌,魏文帝改為魏昌,開皇時改為隋昌,唐武德時改為唐昌,皆取昌盛的意思為名[1,9,18,24,33,41,47,56,64,70,78,88,101,114,117,132,139,182,159,166,175,182]。石趙趙安縣在今內(nèi)丘縣,以趙國安定為名。隋豐利在今文安縣,大業(yè)時征伐遼東,途徑于河口,當(dāng)三河會合處置縣,取豐庶利民之意[2,10,19,25,34,42,48,57,65,71,79,118,102,115,118,133,150,160,167,183]。唐普寧在今雞澤縣,以普天之下安寧為名[3,11,20,26,35,43,49,58,66,72,80,90,119,134,151,161,168,176,184]。唐武則天置武隆,在今永清縣,取武氏政權(quán)興隆的意思[162,12,21,27,36,44,50,59,67,73,91,116,120,185,140,152,162,169,177,185]。武昌縣在今任丘縣,亦武則天時所置,取武氏政權(quán)昌盛為名[5,28,22,28,37,45,51,60,68,74,81,170,103,121,136,141,153,163,170,178,186]。唐興唐縣在安新縣,亦取唐朝興盛為名。五代時的永昌,在今滄縣,以永遠(yuǎn)昌盛為名[14,23,29,38,46,52,61,69,75,82,93,104,122,137,142,164,171,179,187]。永安,亦五代縣,在今青縣,取永遠(yuǎn)安定的意思[6,15,30,39,76,62,76,83,94,105,123,138,143,154,165,172,180]。宋寧津在今東光縣,以縣在胡蘇河旁,取風(fēng)平浪靜的意思。遼永寧在今陽原縣,以永遠(yuǎn)安寧為名。金萬寧在今房山縣,因陵墓所在,置縣以奉山陵,縣名安寧,當(dāng)因此而起[7,16,31,40,54,63,77,84,95,106,124,144,155,173,181]。元置新安縣,在今安新縣,因金極安州治所于這里,故名新安。(九)金世宗避父祖的諱封建王朝常因避帝王名諱而更改縣名。這樣的縣名保留到現(xiàn)在的有永年、內(nèi)丘、曲陽三個。永年縣本高齊廣年縣,隋時改稱[8,55,96,107,125,145,156,174,188],當(dāng)系避煬帝楊廣的諱。內(nèi)丘本為漢中丘縣,隋時諱忠,改中為內(nèi)。曲陽本為隋恒陽縣,唐因避穆宗李恒的諱改為今名[17,32,85,108,146,157,189]。因避諱而改名的古縣有昭德、宗城、歸信、唐山、四縣。昭德本為唐昭義縣,在今磁縣,宋初改稱[1,9,18,24,33,41,47,56,64,70,78,88,101,114,117,132,139,182,159,166,175,182],當(dāng)因避趙匡義的名諱。歸信本為五代歸義縣,在今雄縣,宋初亦因避諱改名[2,10,19,25,34,42,48,57,65,71,79,118,102,115,118,133,150,160,167,183]。今隆堯縣,唐置堯山縣,金更名為唐山縣[3,11,20,26,35,43,49,58,66,72,80,90,119,134,151,161,168,176,184],當(dāng)是金世宗避其父宗堯的諱。今廣宗縣,隋時曾改為宗城縣[162,12,21,27,36,44,50,59,67,73,91,116,120,185,140,152,162,169,177,185],自是避楊廣的名諱。(十)今從“黨建”到“甘陵”因年號命名的古縣為乾符縣,在今滄縣。因置于唐乾符元年,故以年號為名[5,28,22,28,37,45,51,60,68,74,81,170,103,121,136,141,153,163,170,178,186]。以謚法命名的古縣為襄國縣,在今邢臺,這里本為秦信都,漢初,項(xiàng)羽以趙襄子謚改為襄國縣[14,23,29,38,46,52,61,69,75,82,93,104,122,137,142,164,171,179,187]。以陵廟所在命名的古縣為甘陵和博陵。這兩個縣都是漢時所置。甘陵在今清河縣,安帝父的甘陵在境內(nèi)[6,15,30,39,76,62,76,83,94,105,123,138,143,154,165,172,180]。博陵在今蠡縣,桓帝父的博陵在縣境內(nèi)[7,16,31,40,54,63,77,84,95,106,124,144,155,173,181]。(十一)今圍場縣的定義因帝王巡游居處命名的今縣和古縣各有一個。今圍場縣,曾是康熙圍獵的所在,故以為名。唐所置的昭慶,在今束鹿,縣境有堯臺,相傳為堯禪舜處,因以為名。(十二)后魏家國縣,也在今偏南因移民和僑置的今縣只有一個遷安。這里本為漢令支縣。遼時,遷安喜縣百姓于此地,金因以為遷安縣。這樣的古縣有蒲領(lǐng)、廣武、要陽、白檀,燕樂、朝鮮、廣寧、遷民、容城、義豐等十個。漢時的蒲領(lǐng)在今阜城縣,置縣時因?yàn)橛衅杨I(lǐng)人流寓于此地,遂以蒲領(lǐng)為名[1,9,18,24,33,41,47,56,64,70,78,88,101,114,117,132,139,182,159,166,175,182]。雁門有廣武縣,后魏武定初又僑置廣武縣于今昌平縣[2,10,19,25,34,42,48,57,65,71,79,118,102,115,118,133,150,160,167,183]。要陽、白檀、燕樂三縣,本來都在今古北口外,后魏僑置于今密云縣[3,11,20,26,35,43,49,58,66,72,80,90,119,134,151,161,168,176,184]。后魏還移朝鮮民于今盧龍縣,因置朝鮮縣[162,12,21,27,36,44,50,59,67,73,91,116,120,185,140,152,162,169,177,185]。遼遷定州百姓于今昌黎,因置廣寧縣[5,28,22,28,37,45,51,60,68,74,81,170,103,121,136,141,153,163,170,178,186],又遷歸州民于今山海關(guān),因置遷民縣[14,23,29,38,46,52,61,69,75,82,93,104,122,137,142,164,171,179,187],還遷所俘百姓于今灤縣,因置灤州。當(dāng)時灤州治所的義豐縣,應(yīng)是由遷來的百姓所置[6,15,30,39,76,62,76,83,94,105,123,138,143,154,165,172,180]。今容城設(shè)縣遠(yuǎn)在漢時,遼時僑置于巨馬河北涿州新城縣境[7,16,31,40,54,63,77,84,95,106,124,144,155,173,181],因當(dāng)時宋遼兩國以白溝為界,白溝即巨馬河,河南為宋朝土地,遼人只好僑置這個容城縣于巨馬河北。(十三)固安縣本在今選擇縣治所在地經(jīng)過遷移,遷到新址,仍然用原來縣名。這樣命名的今縣有固安,古縣有成平。固安縣本在今淶水縣,隋時移于今地[8,55,96,107,125,145,156,174,188]。成平縣本在今交河縣,后魏徙于今景縣境[17,32,85,108,146,157,189]。(十四)今縣舊治城之重建今大城縣,周顯德初置。城基很大,故名大城,今縣乃在舊城址上重建,僅及其半。漢房子縣在今高邑縣,設(shè)縣時因城制僅如一房之地,故名[86,126,147,158,190]。(十五)縣名以當(dāng)?shù)孛袼滋匦远闹挥幸粋€古縣,即平舒。平舒在今大城,隋時,因當(dāng)?shù)厝诵云绞嫒∶每h。此外還有些今縣[1,9,18,24,33,41,47,56,64,70,78,88,101,114,117,132,139,182,159,166,175,182]和古縣[2,10,19,25,34,42,48,57,65,71,79,118,102,115,118,133,150,160,167,183],縣名來由尚須推敲,敬以留待來哲。三、或省單位用方以上兩類命名方式多達(dá)二十六種。每種縣名的多少極為懸殊。其間顯示出命名是有一定規(guī)律的。這些縣名,有的至今沿用;有的使用較長一段時間后或省或并;有的名稱不久旋即廢棄。縣名使用的久暫,也反映出它是有一定規(guī)律的。探求這樣的規(guī)律,為今后整理舊縣名和另命新縣名,都是有所借鑒的。歸納起來,縣的命名方式的規(guī)律有兩點(diǎn)值得注意。(一)在一些縣的命名上,各有側(cè)重、分類開放系統(tǒng)中,多以山和地為下、因山和堤,最大的縣是因地命名,這兩個縣縣的命名方式的普遍性,表現(xiàn)在兩個方面。一是某種方式命名的縣名數(shù)字所占的比例是絕對多數(shù)。就是說,這種命名方式以縣名多而普遍于河北省境內(nèi)各地。還有某種方式,縣名數(shù)字雖少,但結(jié)合本省自然條件看來,所占比例是相對多數(shù)。這樣的命名方式也是具有普遍性的。河北省縣的命名,如前所述,可分自然地理和人文關(guān)系兩類。兩類中自然地理命名的分為十一種,人文關(guān)系命名的分為十五種。共為二十六種,前者占百分之三十七,后者占