2024屆高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)諾貝爾獎?wù)Z法填空時(shí)政專題課件

ThomasPerlmann,secretaryoftheKarolinskaInstituteNobelCommitteeandNobelAssembly,announcesKatalinKarikoandDrewWeissmanaslaureatesofthisyear'sNobelPrizeinMedicineduringapressconference,inStockholm,Sweden,Oct2,2023.[Photo/Agencies]STOCKHOLM-Twoscientists,KatalinKarikoandDrewWeissman,wonthe2023NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinefortheirdiscoveries

1.___________(concern)

nucleosidebasemodifications,theNobelCommitteeannouncedonMonday.Throughtheirgroundbreakingfindings,2._________

havefundamentallychangedtheunderstandingofhowmRNAinteractswiththehumanimmunesystem,thelaureatescontributedtotheunprecedentedrateofvaccinedevelopmentduringoneofthegreatest3._________(threat)

tohumanhealthinmoderntimes,thecommitteesaidinastatement.“Through4.______(they)

discoveriesthatbasemodificationsbothreducedinflammatoryresponses5._______

increasedproteinproduction,KarikoandWeissmanhadeliminatedcriticalobstacleson

thewaytoclinicalapplicationsofmRNA,”thestatementsaid.“Theimpressive6.________(flexible)

andspeedwithwhichmRNAvaccinescanbedevelopedpavetheway7.______

usingthenewplatformalsoforvaccinesagainstotherinfectiousdiseases,”thestatementadded,stressingtheprospectsforthetechnologytobeusedtodelivertherapeuticproteinsandtreatsomecancertypes.ThomasPerlmann,secretaryoftheNobelCommitteeforPhysiologyorMedicine,announcedthewinnersattheKarolinskaInstitute.Hesaidbothscientistshadreceivedthenews.Karikoexpressedbeing“sooverwhelmed”andWeissmansaidhewas“8.________(enormous)

gratefultoreceivetheprize,”Perlmannsaid.Bornin1955inSzolnok,Hungary,KarikoreceivedherPh.DfromtheUniversityofSzegedin1982.Since2021,shehasbeenaprofessorattheUniversityofSzegedand9._________

adjunctprofessoratthePerelmanSchoolofMedicineattheUniversityofPennsylvania.Weissman,bornin1959inMassachusetts,theUnitedStates,10.______(receive)

hisMD-Ph.DdegreefromBostonUniversityin1987.HeistheRobertsFamilyProfessorinVaccineResearchandservesasthedirectorofthePennInstituteforRNAInnovationsattheUniversityofPennsylvania.Theprizeamountis11millionSwedishkronor($1million)andwillbesharedequallybetweenthetwolaureates.北京時(shí)間10月5日19:00，2023年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎揭曉：挪威作家約恩·福瑟（JonFosse）獲獎，因其創(chuàng)新性的戲劇和散文表達(dá)了無法言說的心聲。（forhisinnovativeplaysandprosewhichgivevoicetotheunsayable）gotosb/sthgoto無人不知，無人不曉。但今天我們要揭開它的另一面。眾多媒體報(bào)道諾貝爾把某獎項(xiàng)頒給誰時(shí)，多用了

award

一詞。STOCKHOLM-Twoscientists,KatalinKarikoandDrewWeissman,wonthe2023NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinefortheirdiscoveries

1.___________(concern)

nucleosidebasemodifications,theNobelCommitteeannouncedonMonday.1.concerning斯德哥爾摩

-

諾貝爾委員會周一宣布，兩位科學(xué)家KatalinKariko和DrewWeissman因其關(guān)于核苷堿基修飾的發(fā)現(xiàn)而獲得了2023年諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎。Throughtheirgroundbreakingfindings,2._________

havefundamentallychangedtheunderstandingofhowmRNAinteractswiththehumanimmunesystem,thelaureatescontributedtotheunprecedentedrateofvaccinedevelopmentduringoneofthegreatest3._________(threat)

tohumanhealthinmoderntimes,thecommitteesaidinastatement.2.which3.threats該委員會在一份聲明中說，通過他們的突破性發(fā)現(xiàn)，從根本上改變了對mRNA如何與人體免疫系統(tǒng)相互作用的理解，獲獎?wù)咴诂F(xiàn)代人類健康面臨的最大威脅之一期間為前所未有的疫苗開發(fā)速度做出了貢獻(xiàn)?！癟hrough4.______(they)

discoveriesthatbasemodificationsbothreducedinflammatoryresponses5._______

increasedproteinproduction,KarikoandWeissmanhadeliminatedcriticalobstacleson

thewaytoclinicalapplicationsofmRNA,”thestatementsaid.4.their5.and“通過他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)，堿基修飾既減少了炎癥反應(yīng)，又增加了蛋白質(zhì)的產(chǎn)生，Kariko和Weissman消除了mRNA臨床應(yīng)用的關(guān)鍵障礙，”聲明說?！癟heimpressive6.________(flexible)

andspeedwithwhichmRNAvaccinescanbedevelopedpavetheway7.______

usingthenewplatformalsoforvaccinesagainstotherinfectiousdiseases,”thestatementadded,stressingtheprospectsforthetechnologytobeusedtodelivertherapeuticproteinsandtreatsomecancertypes.6.flexibility7.for“開發(fā)mRNA疫苗的令人印象深刻的靈活性和速度為使用新平臺也用于其他傳染病疫苗鋪平了道路，”聲明補(bǔ)充說，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了該技術(shù)用于提供治療性蛋白質(zhì)和治療某些癌癥類型的前景。ThomasPerlmann,secretaryoftheNobelCommitteeforPhysiologyorMedicine,announcedthewinnersattheKarolinskaInstitute.Hesaidbothscientistshadreceivedthenews.諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)委員會秘書托馬斯·珀?duì)柭═homasPerlmann）在卡羅林斯卡學(xué)院宣布了獲獎?wù)?。他說，兩位科學(xué)家都收到了這個(gè)消息。Karikoexpressedbeing“sooverwhelmed”andWeissmansaidhewas“8.________(enormous)

gratefultoreceivetheprize,”Perlmannsaid.8.enormously帕爾曼說，卡里科表示“不知所措”，韋斯曼說他“非常感謝獲得這個(gè)獎項(xiàng)”。Bornin1955inSzolnok,Hungary,KarikoreceivedherPh.DfromtheUniversityofSzegedin1982.Since2021,shehasbeenaprofessorattheUniversityofSzegedand9._________

adjunctprofessoratthePerelmanSchoolofMedicineattheUniversityofPennsylvania.9.anKariko于1955年出生于匈牙利索爾諾克，1982年獲得塞格德大學(xué)博士學(xué)位。自2021年以來，她一直擔(dān)任塞格德大學(xué)的教授和賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)佩雷爾曼醫(yī)學(xué)院的兼職教授。Weissman,bornin1959inMassachusetts,theUnitedStates,10.______(receive)

hisMD-Ph.DdegreefromBostonUniversityin1987.10.received魏斯曼，1959年出生于美國馬薩諸塞州，1987年獲得波士頓大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)博士學(xué)位。HeistheRobertsFamilyProfessorinVaccineResearchandservesasthedirectorofthePennInstituteforRNAInnovationsattheUniversityofPennsylvania.他是羅伯茨家族疫苗研究教授，并擔(dān)任賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)RNA創(chuàng)新研究所所長。Theprizeamountis11millionSwedishkronor($1million)andwillbesharedequallybetweenthetwolaureates.獎金為1100萬瑞典克朗（100萬美元），將由兩位獲獎?wù)咂骄峙?。?

瑞典克朗

=0.091

美元）KatalinKarikóa(chǎn)ndDrewWeissman,whotogetheridentifiedachemicaltweaktomessengerRNA,wereawardedtheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicineonMonday.TheirworkenabledpotentCovidvaccinestobemadeinlessthanayear,avertingtensofmillionsofdeathsandhelpingtheworldrecoverfromtheworstpandemicinacentury.TheapproachtomRNAthetworesearchersdevelopedhasbeenusedinCovidshotsthathavesincebeenadministeredbillionsoftimesgloballyandhastransformedvaccinetechnology,layingthefoundationforinoculationsthatmayonedayprotectagainstanumberofdeadlydiseaseslikecancer.KatalinKarikó和DrewWeissman因共同識別出使信使RNA發(fā)生化學(xué)變化的方法，于周一被授予諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎。他們的工作使得強(qiáng)效的新冠疫苗在不到一年的時(shí)間內(nèi)被成功研制，從而預(yù)防了數(shù)千萬人的死亡，幫助世界從一個(gè)世紀(jì)以來最嚴(yán)重的大流行中恢復(fù)過來。這兩位研究者開發(fā)的mRNA技術(shù)已經(jīng)在全球范圍內(nèi)被數(shù)十億次用于新冠疫苗接種，并已改變疫苗技術(shù)，為可能有朝一日針對多種致命疾?。ㄈ绨┌Y）的疫苗接種奠定了基礎(chǔ)。北京時(shí)間10月4日下午5點(diǎn)45分許，瑞典皇家科學(xué)院決定將2023年諾貝爾化學(xué)獎授予美國科學(xué)家MoungiG.Bawendi、LouisE.Brus，俄羅斯科學(xué)家AlexeiI.Ekimov，以表彰他們對量子點(diǎn)的發(fā)現(xiàn)和合成。The2023

NobelPrizeinchemistry

wasawardedtoMoungiG.Bawendi,LouisE.BrusandAlexeiI.EkimovonWednesdayforthediscoveryand

synthesis

of

quantum

dots.These

nanoparticles

have

wide-rangingapplications

acrossfieldslikeelectronics,advanced

surgery,andquantumcomputing.本周三，2023

年諾貝爾化學(xué)獎授予了蒙吉·巴文迪、路易斯·布魯斯和阿列克謝·葉基莫夫，以表彰他們發(fā)現(xiàn)并合成了量子點(diǎn)。這些納米粒子在電子學(xué)、先進(jìn)外科手術(shù)和量子計(jì)算等領(lǐng)域有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。?synthesis[?s?nθ?s?s]n.

綜合，綜合體；（化學(xué)物質(zhì)的）合成Instead,headvocatesasynthesisofthesetwoviews.相反，他主張綜合這兩種觀點(diǎn)。?quantum

[?kwɑ?nt?m]n.

量子；量子論；

adj.

量子的Itdoeshappeninquantummechanics.它確實(shí)發(fā)生在量子力學(xué)中。?dot

[dɑ?t]n.

點(diǎn)，小圓點(diǎn)，點(diǎn)狀物拓展:在網(wǎng)址中經(jīng)常能看到.com，這里的.的英文就是“dot”?nanoparticle

[?n?no?pɑ?rt?kl]n.

納米顆粒；毫微粒Ananoparticlearrayconsistsofmetalparticleswithadiameterof0.5-5nanometers.一個(gè)納米顆粒組合由直徑在零點(diǎn)五到五納米的金屬粒子組成。?surgery[?s??rd??ri]n.

外科手術(shù)；<英>診所Theprizeitselfwas

embroiled

insome

controversy

earlierwhenthenamesofwinnerswerereportedly

leaked

toaSwedishnewspaper.ButJohan?qvist,thechairofthedecidingcommittee,saidthedecisionhadn’tbeenfinalatthetime.“Therewasa

pressrelease

sentoutforstillunknownreasons.

Wedeeplyregretthatthishappened.Theimportantthingisthatitdidnotaffecttherecipientsinanyway,”hewas

quoted

assayingbyTheGuardian.早些時(shí)候，獲獎?wù)呙麊螕?jù)說被泄露給了一家瑞典報(bào)紙，因此該獎項(xiàng)本身也陷入了一些爭議。但決定委員會主席約翰-奧奎斯特（Johan?qvist）說，當(dāng)時(shí)還沒有最終決定。他說："有一份新聞稿發(fā)出去了，原因至今不明。我們對此深表遺憾。重要的是，這并沒有對獲獎?wù)咴斐扇魏斡绊懀?《衛(wèi)報(bào)》援引他的話說。?embroil[?m?br??l]vt.

使卷入；使混亂在連續(xù)劇《邪惡力量

第十三季

SupernaturalSeason13》中就出