雅思模擬測(cè)試題1

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雅思模擬測(cè)試題LISTENING

SECTION1Questions1-10

Questions1-5

Completethenotesbelow.

WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.

TransportfromBayswater

Example Answer

Destination: HarbourCity

Expresstrainleavesat1________________.

Neareststationis2________________.

Number706busgoesto3________________.

Number4________________bus goestostation.

Earlierbusleavesat5________________.

Questions6-10

Completethetablebelow.

WriteNOMORETHANONEWORDAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.

Transport

Cashfare

Cardfare

Bus

$6______________

$1.50

Train(peak)

$10

$10

Train(off-peak)-before5pmorafter7______________)

$10

$8______________

9______________ferry

$4.50

$3.55

Touristferry(10____________)

$35

——

Touristferry(wholeday)

$65

——

SECTION2Questions11-20

Questions11-14

Whichcounselorshouldyousee?

WritethecorrectletterA,BorCtoquestions11-14.

ALouiseBagshaw

BTonyDenby

CNaomiFlynn

11 ifyoudonothaveanappointment

12 ifitisyourfirsttimeseeingacounselor

13 ifyouareunabletoseeacounselorduringnormalofficehours

14 ifyourconcernsarerelatedtoanxiety

Questions15-20

Completethetablebelow.

WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSforeachanswer.

Workshop

Content

Targetgroup

Adjusting

whatyouneedtosucceedacademically

15____________students

GettingOrganised

usetimeeffectively,find16______betweenstudyandleisure

allstudents

Communicating

talkingwithstaff,communicatingacrosscultures

allstudents,especially17____________

Anxiety

18____________,breathingtechniques,meditation,etc.

studentsabouttositexams

19___________

stayingontrackforlongperiods

20_________studentsonly

SECTION3Questions21-30

Questions21-30

Completethenotesbelow.

WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.

Novel:21_______________

Protagonists:MaryLennox;ColinCraven

Timeperiod:Earlyin22_______________

Plot:Mary→UK—meetsColinwhothinkshe’llneverbeableto

23_______________.Theybecomefriends.

Pointofview:“Omniscient”—narratorknowsallaboutcharacters’feelings,opinionsand24_______________

Audience:Goodforchildren—storysimpletofollow

Symbols:(physicalitemsthatrepresent25 _______________

therobinredbreast

26_______________

theportraitofMistressCraven

Motifs:(patternsinthestory)

“TheGardenofEden”

secrecy—metaphoricalandliteraltransitionfrom27_______________

Themes:Connectionsbetween

28_______________andoutlook

29_______________andwell-being

individualsandtheneedfor30_______________

SECTION4Questions31-40

Questions31-35

Completethetablebelow.

WriteONEWORDONLYforeachanswer.

TimePerspectives

TimeZone

Outlook

Features&Consequences

Past

Positive

Remembergoodtimes,e.g.birthdaysKeepfamilyrecords,photoalbums,etc.

31____________

Focusondisappointments,failures,baddecisions

Present

Hedonistic

Livefor32__________;seeksensation;avoidpain

Fatalistic

Lifeisgovernedby33_________,religiousbeliefs,socialconditions.Life’spathcan’tbechanged.

Future

34____________

Preferworktoplay.Don’tgiveintotemptation.

Fatalistic

Haveastrongbeliefinlifeafterdeathandimportanceof35____________inlife

Questions36-40

ChoosethecorrectletterA,BorC.

36 Weareallpresenthedonists

Aatschool.

Batbirth.

Cwhileeatinganddrinking.

37 Americanboysdropoutofschoolatahigherratethangirlsbecause

Atheyneedtobeincontrolofthewaytheylearn.

Btheyplayvideogamesinsteadofdoingschoolwork.

Ctheyarenotasintelligentasgirls.

38 Present-orientatedchildren

Adonotrealisepresentactionscanhavenegativefutureeffects.

Bareunabletoleamlessonsfrompastmistakes.

Cknowwhatcouldhappeniftheydosomethingbad,butdoitanyway.

39 IfAmericanshadanextradayperweek,theywouldspendit

Aworkingharder.

Bbuildingrelationships.

Csharingfamilymeals.

40Understandinghowpeoplethinkabouttimecanhelpus

Abecomemorevirtuous.

Bworktogetherbetter.

Cidentifycarelessorambitiouspeople.

READING

READINGPASSAGE1

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13whicharebasedonReadingPassage1below.

Ambergris

Whatisitandwheredoesitcomefrom?

AmbergriswasusedtoperfumecosmeticsinthedaysofancientMesopotamiaandalmosteverycivilizationontheearthhasabrushwithambergris.Before1,000AD,theChinesenamesambergrisaslungsienhiang,“dragon’sspittleperfume,”astheythinkthatitwasproducedfromthedroolingofdragonssleepingonrocksattheedgeofasea.TheArabsknewambergrisasanbar,believingthatitisproducedfromspringsnearseas.Italsogetsitsnamefromhere.Forcenturies,thissubstancehasalsobeenusedasaflavouringforfood.

DuringtheMiddleAges,Europeansusedambergrisasaremedyforheadaches,colds,epilepsy,andotherailments.Inthe1851whalingnovelMoby-Dick,HermanMelvilleclaimedthatambergriswas"largelyusedinperfumery."Butnobodyeverknewwhereitreallycamefrom.Expertswerestillguessingitsoriginthousandsofyearslater,untilthelongagesofguessworkendedinthe1720's,whenNantucketwhalersfoundgobsofthecostlymaterialinsidethestomachsofspermwhales.Industrialwhalingquicklyburgeoned.By20thcenturyambergrisismainlyrecoveredfrominsidethecarcassesofspermwhales.

Throughcountlessages,peoplehavefoundpiecesofambergrisonsandybeaches.Itwasnamedgreyambertodistinguishitfromgoldenamber,anotherraretreasure.Bothofthemwereamongthemostsought-aftersubstancesintheworld,almostasvaluableasgold.(Ambergrissellsforroughly$20agram,slightlylessthangoldat$30agram.)Amberfloatsinsaltwater,andinoldtimestheoriginofboththesesubstanceswasmysterious.Butitturnedoutthatamberandambergrishavelittleincommon.AmberisafossilizedresinfromtreesthatwasquitefamiliartoEuropeanslongbeforethediscoveryoftheNewWorld,andprizedasjewelry.Althoughconsideredagem,amberisahard,transparent,wholly-organicmaterialderivedfromtheresinofextinctspeciesoftrees,mainlypines.

TotheearliestWesternchroniclers,ambergriswasvariouslythoughttocomefromthesamebituminousseafountsasamber,fromthespermoffishesorwhales,fromthedroppingsofstrangeseabirds(probablybecauseofconfusionovertheincludedbeaksofsquid)orfromthelargehivesofbeeslivingnearthesea.MarcoPolowasthefirstWesternchroniclerwhocorrectlyattributedambergristospermwhalesanditsvomit.

Asspermwhalesnavigateintheoceans,theyoftendivedownto2kmormorebelowthesealeveltopreyonsquid,mostfamouslytheGiantSquid.It'scommonlyacceptedthatambergrisformsinthewhale'sgutorintestinesasthecreatureattemptsto"deal"withsquidbeaks.Spermwhalesareratherpartialtosquid,butseeminglystruggletodigestthehard,sharp,parrot-likebeaks.Itisthoughttheirstomachjuicesbecomehyper-activetryingtoprocesstheirritants,andeventuallyhard,resinouslumpsareformedaroundthebeaks,andthenexpelledfromtheirinnardsbyvomiting.Whenawhaleinitiallyvomitsupambergris,itissoftandhasaterriblesmell.Somemarinebiologistscompareittotheunpleasantsmellofcowdung.Butafterfloatingonthesaltyoceanforaboutadecade,thesubstancehardenswithairandsunintoasmooth,waxy,usuallyroundedpieceofnostrilheaven.Thedungsmellisgone,replacedbyasweet,smooth,muskyandpleasantearthyaroma.

Sinceambergrisisderivedfromanimals,naturallyaquestionofethicsarises,andinthecaseofambergris,itisveryimportanttoconsider.Spermwhalesareanendangeredspecies,whosepopulationsstartedtodeclineasfarbackasthe19thcenturyduetothehighdemandfortheirhighlyemollientoil,andtodaytheirstocksstillhavenotrecovered.Duringthe1970's,theSavetheWhalesmovementbroughttheplightofwhalestointernationalrecognition.Manypeoplenowbelievethatwhalesare“saved”.Thiscouldn'tbefurtherfromthetruth.Allaroundtheworld,whalingstillexists.Manycountriescontinuetohuntwhales,inspiteofinternationaltreatiestoprotectthem.Manymarineresearchersareconcernedthateventhetradeinnaturallyfoundambergriscanbeharmfulbycreatingfurtherincentivestohuntwhalesforthisvaluablesubstance.

Oneoftheformsambergrisisusedtodayisasavaluablefixativeinperfumestoenhanceandprolongthescent.Butnowadays,sinceambergrisisrareandexpensive,andbigfragrancesuppliersthatmakemostofthefragrancesonthemarkettodaydonotdealinitforreasonsofcost,availabilityandmurkylegalissues,mostperfumeriesprefertoaddachemicalderivativewhichmimicsthepropertiesofambergris.Asafragranceconsumer,youcanassumethatthereisnonaturalambergrisinyourperfumebottle,unlessthecompanyadvertisesthisfactandunlessyouownvintagefragrancescreatedbeforethe1980s.Ifyouarewonderingifyouhavebeenwearingaperfumewiththislegendaryingredient,youmaywanttoreviewyourscentcollection.Hereareafewofsomeofthetopambergriscontainingperfumes:GivenchyAmarige,ChanelNo.5,andGucciGuilty.

Questions1-6

Classifythefollowinginformationasreferringto

Aambergrisonly

Bamberonly

Cbothambergrisandamber

Dneitherambergrisnoramber

Writethecorrectletter,A,B,C,orDinboxes1-6onyouranswersheet.

1 beingexpensive

2 addsflavortofood

3 usedascurrency

4 beingsee-through

5 referredtobyHermanMelville

6 producessweetsmell

Questions7-9

CompletethesentencesbelowwithNOMORETHANONEWORDfromthepassage.

Writeyouranswersinboxes7-9onyouranswersheet.

7 Spermwhalescan’tdigestthe_____________ofthesquids.

8 Spermwhalesdrivetheirritantsoutoftheirintestinesby_____________.

9 Thevomitofspermwhalegradually_____________oncontactofairbeforehavingpleasantsmell.?

Questions10-13

DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage1?Inboxes10-13onyouranswersheet,write

TRUE ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

FALSE ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

NOTGIVEN ifthereisnoinformationonthis

10 Mostambergriscomesfromthedeadwhalestoday.

11 Ambergrisisbecomingmoreexpensivethanbefore.

12 Ambergrisisstillapopularingredientinperfumeproductiontoday.

13 Newusesofambergrishavebeendiscoveredrecently.

READINGPASSAGE2

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions14-26whicharebasedonReadingPassage2below.

Questions14-20

Readingpassage2hassevenparagraphs,A-G.

Choosethecorrectheadingforeachparagraphfromthelistofheadingsbelow.Writethecorrectnumber,i-xi,inboxes14-20onyouranswersheet.

ListofHeadings

i Whybetterfoodhelpsstudents’learning

ii BecomingtheheadmasterofMsekeni

iii Surprisinguseofschoolpremises

iv Globalperspective

v Whystudentswereundernourished

vi Surprisingacademicoutcome

vii Aninnovativeprogramtohelpgirls

viii Howfoodprogramisoperated

ix Howfoodprogramaffectsschoolattendance

x Noneoftheusualreasons

xi Howtomaintainacademicstandard

14 ParagraphA

15 ParagraphB

16 ParagraphC

17 ParagraphD

18 ParagraphE

19 ParagraphF

20 ParagraphG?

TacklingHungerinMsekeni

TherearenotenoughclassroomsattheMsekeniprimaryschool,sohalfthelessonstakeplaceintheshadeofyellow-blossomedacaciatrees.Giventhisshortage,itmightseemoddthatoneoftheschool’spurpose-builtclassroomshasbeenemptiedofpupilsandturnedintoastoreroomforsacksofgrain.Butitmakessense.Foodmattersmorethanshelter.

MsekeniisinoneofthepoorerpartsofMalawi,alandlockedsouthernAfricancountryofexceptionalbeautyandgreatpoverty.NowarlayswasteMalawi,noristhelandunusuallycrowdedorinfertile,butMalawiansstillhavetroublefindingenoughtoeat.Halfofthechildrenunderfiveareunderfedtothepointofstunting.HungerblightsmostaspectsofMalawianlife,sothecountryisasgoodaplaceasanytoinvestigatehownutritionaffectsdevelopment,andviceversa.

TheheadmasteratMsekeni,BernardKumanda,hasstrongviewsonthesubject.Hethinksfoodisapricelessteachingaid.Since1999,hispupilshavereceivedfreeschoollunches.DonorssuchastheWorldFoodProgramme(WFP)providethefood:thosesacksofgrain(mostlymixedmaizeandsoyabeanflour,enrichedwithvitaminA)inthatconvertedclassroom.Localvolunteersdothecooking—turningthedryingredientsintoablandbutnutritiousslop,andspooningitoutontoplasticplates.Thechildrenlineupinlargecrowds,cheerfullysingingasongcalled“Wearegettingporridge”.

Whentheschool’sfeedingprogrammewasintroduced,enrolmentatMsekenidoubled.Someofthenewpupilshadswitchedfromnearbyschoolsthatdidnotgiveoutfreeporridge,butmostwerechildrenwhosefamilieshadpreviouslykeptthemathometowork.Thesefamiliesweresopoorthatthelong-termbenefitsofeducationseemedunattractivewhensetagainsttheshort-termgainofsendingchildrenouttogatherfirewoodorhelpinthefields.Oneplateofporridgeadaycompletelyalteredthecalculation.Achildfedatschoolwillnothowlsoplaintivelyforfoodathome.Girls,whoaremorelikelythanboystobekeptoutofschool,aregivenextrasnackstotakehome.

Whenaschooltakesinahordeofextrastudentsfromthepooresthomes,youwouldexpectstandardstodrop.Anywhereintheworld,poorkidstendtoperformworsethantheirbetter-offclassmates.Whentheinfluxofnewpupilsisnotaccompaniedbyanyincreaseinthenumberofteachers,aswasthecaseatMsekeni,youwouldexpectstandardstofallevenfurther.Buttheyhavenot.PassratesatMsekeniimproveddramatically,from30%to85%.Althoughthiswasanexceptionalexample,thenationwideresultsofschoolfeedingprogrammeswerestillprettygood.Onaverage,afteraMalawianschoolstartedhandingoutfreefooditattracted38%moregirlsand24%moreboys.Thepassrateforboysstayedaboutthesame,whileforgirlsitimprovedby9.5%.

Betternutritionmakesforbrighterchildren.Mostimmediately,well-fedchildrenfinditeasiertoconcentrate.Itishardtofocusthemindonlongdivisionwhenyourstomachisscreamingforfood.MrKumandasaysthatitusedtobeeasytospotthekidswhowerereallyundernourished.“Theyweretheoneswhostaredintospaceanddidn’trespondwhenyouaskedthemquestions,”hesays.Morecrucially,though,moreandbetterfoodhelpsbrainsgrowanddevelop.Likeanyotherorganinthebody,thebrainneedsnutritionandexercise.Butifitisstarvedofthenecessarycalories,proteinsandmicronutrients,itisstunted,perhapsnotasseverelyasamusclewouldbe,butstuntednonetheless.Thatiswhyfeedingchildrenatschoolsworkssowell.AndthefactthattheeffectoffeedingwasmorepronouncedongirlsthanonboysgivesacluetowhoeatsfirstinruralMalawianhouseholds.Itisn’tthegirls.

Onaglobalscale,thegoodnewsisthatpeopleareeatingbetterthaneverbefore.Homosapienshasgrown50%biggersincetheIndustrialRevolution.Threecenturiesago,chronicmalnutritionwasmoreorlessuniversal.Now,itisextremelyrareinrichcountries.Indevelopingcountries,wheremostpeoplelive,platesandricebowlsarealsofullerthaneverbefore.Theproportionofchildrenunderfiveinthedevelopingworldwhoaremalnourishedtothepointofstuntingfellfrom39%in1990to30%in2000,saystheWorldHealthOrganisation(WHO).Inotherplaces,thebattleagainsthungerissteadilybeingwon.Betternutritionismakingpeopleclevererandmoreenergetic,whichwillhelpthemgrowmoreprosperous.Andwhentheyeventuallyjointheranksofthewell-off,theycanstartfrettingaboutgrowingtoofat.

Questions21-24

CompletethesentencesbelowusingNOMORETHANTWOWORDS/ORANUMBERfromthepassage.

Writeyouranswersinboxes21-24onyouranswersheet.

21 InKumanda’sschool_________aregiventogirlsaftertheendoftheschoolday.

22 Manychildrenfrompoorfamiliesweresenttocollect_________fromthefield.

23 Thankstothefreefoodprogram,____________ofstudentspassedthetest.

24 Themodemhumanis____________biggerthanbeforeaftertheIndustrialRevolution.

Questions25-26

ChooseTWOletters,A-F.

Writethecorrectlettersinboxes25and26onyouranswersheet.

WhichTWOofthefollowingstatementsaretrue?

A Somechildrenaretaughtintheopenair.

B BernardKumandabecametheheadmasterin1991.

C Nonewstaffswererecruitedwhenattendancerose.

D GirlsareoftentreatedequallywithboysinMalawi.

E Scientistshavedevisedwaystodetectthemostunderfedstudentsinschool.

F WHOisworriedaboutmalnutritionamongkidsindevelopingcountries.

READINGPASSAGE3

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40whicharebasedonReadingPassage3below.

PlaceboEffect—ThePowerofNothing

Wanttodeviseanewformofalternativemedicine?Noproblem.Here’stherecipe.Bewarm,sympathetic,reassuringandenthusiastic.Yourtreatmentshouldinvolvephysicalcontact,andeachsessionwithyourpatientsshouldlastatleasthalfanhour.Encourageyourpatientstotakeanactivepartintheirtreatmentandunderstandhowtheirdisordersrelatetotherestoftheirlives.Tellthemthattheirownbodiespossessthetruepowertoheal.Makethempayyououtoftheirownpockets.Describeyourtreatmentinfamiliarwords,butembroideredwithahintofmysticism:energyfields,energyflows,energyblocks,meridians,forces,auras,rhythmsandthelike.Refertotheknowledgeofanearlierage:wisdomcarelesslysweptasidebytheriseandriseofblind,mechanisticscience.Oh,comeoffit,you’resaying.Somethinginventedoffthetopofyourheadcouldn’tpossiblywork,couldit?

Wellyes,itcould—andoftenwellenoughtoearnyoualiving.Agoodlivingifyouaresufficientlyconvincingor,betterstill,reallybelieveinyourtherapy.Manyillnessesgetbetterontheirown,soifyouareluckyandadministeryourtreatmentatjusttherighttimeyou’llgetthecredit.Butthat’sonlypartofit.Someoftheimprovementreallywouldbedowntoyou.Notnecessarilybecauseyou’drecommendedginsengratherthancamomileteaorusedthiscrystalasopposedtothatpressurepoint.Nothingsospecific.Yourhealingpowerwouldbetheoutcomeofaparadoxicalforcethatconventionalmedicinerecognisesbutremainsoddlyambivalentabout:theplaceboeffect.

Placebosaretreatmentsthathavenodirecteffectonthebody,yetstillworkbecausethepatienthasfaithintheirpowertoheal.Mostoftenthetermreferstoadummypill,butitappliesjustasmuchtoanydeviceorprocedure,fromastickingplastertoacrystaltoanoperation.Theexistenceoftheplaceboeffectimpliesthatevenquackerymayconferrealbenefits,whichiswhyanymentionofplaceboisatouchysubjectformanypractitionersofcomplementaryandalternativemedicine(CAM),whoarelikelytoregarditastantamounttoachargeofcharlatanism.Infact,theplaceboeffectisapowerfulpartofallmedicalcare,orthodoxorotherwise,thoughitsroleisoftenneglectedandmisunderstood.

OneofthegreatstrengthsofCAMmaybeitspractioners’skillindeployingtheplaceboeffecttoaccomplishrealhealing.“Complementarypractitionersaremilesbetteratproducingnon-specificeffectsandgoodtherapeuticrelationships,”saysEdzardErnst,professorofCAMatExeterUniversity.ThequestioniswhetherCAMcouldbeintegratedintoconventionalmedicine,assomewouldlike,withoutlosingmuchofthispower.

Atonelevel,itshouldcomeasnosurprisethatourstateofmindcaninfluenceourphysiology:angeropensthesuperficialbloodvesselsoftheface;sadnesspumpsthetearglands.

Butexactlyhowplacebosworktheirmedicalmagicisstilllargelyunknown.Mostofthescantresearchtodatehasfocusedonthecontrolofpain,becauseit’soneofthecommonestcomplaintsandlendsitselftoexperimentalstudy.Here,attentionhasturnedtotheendorphins,naturalcounterpartsofmorphinethatareknowntohelpcontrolpain.“Anyoftheneurochemicalsinvolvedintransmittingpainimpulsesormodulatingthemmightalsobeinvolvedingeneratingtheplaceboresponse,”saysDonPrice,anoralsurgeonattheUniversityofFloridawhostudiestheplaceboeffectindentalpain.

“Butendorphinsarestilloutinfront.”ThatcasehasbeenstrengthenedbytherecentworkofFabrizioBenedettioftheUniversityofTurin,whoshowedthattheplaceboeffectcanbeabolishedbyadrug,naloxone,whichblockstheeffectsofendorphins.Benedettiinducedpaininhumanvolunteersbyinflatingablood-pressurecuffontheforearm.Hedidthis,severaltimesadayforseveraldays,usingmorphineeachtimetocontrolthepain.Onthefinalday,withoutsayinganything,hereplacedthemorphinewithasalinesolution.Thisstillrelievedthesubjects’pain:aplaceboeffect.ButwhenheaddednaloxonetothesalineIthepainreliefdisappeared.Herewasdirectproofthatplaceboanalgesiaismediated,atlleastinpart,bythesenaturalopiates.

Still,nooneknowshowbelieftriggersendorphinrelease,orwhymostpeoplecan’tachieveplacebopainreliefsimplybywillingit.Thoughscientistsdon’tknowexactlyhowplaceboswork,theyhaveaccumulatedafairbitofknowledgeabouthowtotriggertheeffect.ALondonrheumatologistfound,forexample,thatreddummycapsulesmademoreeffectivepainkillersthanblue,greenoryellowones.ResearchonAmericanstudentsrevealedthatbluepillsmakebettersedativesthanpink,acolourmoresuitableforstimulants.Evenbrandingcanmakeadifference:ifAsproorTylenolarewhatyouliketotakeforaheadache,theirchemicallyidenticalgenericequivalentsmaybelesseffective.

Itmatters,too,howthetreatmentisdelivered.Decadesago,whenthemajortranquiliserchlorpromazinewasbeingintroduced,adoctorinKansascategorisedhiscolleaguesaccordingtowhethertheywerekeenonit,openlyscepticalofitsbenefits,ortooka“l(fā)et’stryandsee”attitude.Hisconclusion:themoreenthusiasticthedoctor,thebetterthedrug,performed.AndthisyearErnstsurveyedpublishedstudiesthatcompareddoctors’bedsidemanners.Thestudiesturneduponeconsistentfinding:“Physicianswhoadoptawarm,friendlyandreassuringmanner,”hereported,“aremoreeffectivethanthosewhoseconsultationsareformalanddonotofferreassurance.”

Warm,friendlyandreassuringarepreciselyCAM’sstrongsuits,ofcourse.Manyoftheingredientsofthatopeningrecipe—thephysicalcontact,thegenerousswathesoftime,thestronghintsofsupernormalhealingpower—arejustthekindofthinglikelytoimpresspatients.It’shardlysurprising,then,thatcomplementarypractitionersaregenerallybestatmobilisingtheplaceboeffect,saysArthurKleinman,professorofsocialanthropologyatHarvardUniversity.

Questions27-32

Completethefollowingsentenceswiththecorrectending.Choosethecorrectletter,A-H,foreachsentencebelow.

Writeyouranswersinboxes27-32onyouranswersheet.

27 Appointmentswithalternativepractitioner

28 Analternativepractitioner’sdescriptionoftreatment

29 Analternativepractitionerwhohasfaithinwhathedoes

30 Theillnessofpatientsconvincedofalternativepractice

31 Improvementsofpatientsreceivingalternativepractice

32 Conventionalmedicaldoctors

Ashouldbeeasytounderstand.

Boughttoimprovebyitself.

Cshouldnotinvolveanymysticism.

Doughttolastaminimumlengthoftime.

Eneedstobetreatedattherighttime.

Fshouldgivemorerecognition.

Gcanearnhighincome.

Hdonotrelyonanyspecifictreatment.

Questions33-35

Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD.

Writeyouranswersinboxes33-35onyouranswersheet.

33 Inthefifthparagraph,thewriterusestheexampleofangerandsadnesstoillustratethat

A people’sfeelingscouldaffecttheirphysicalbehavior.

B howplaceboachievesitseffectisyettobeunderstood.

C scientistsdon’tunderstandhowthemindinfluencesthebody.

D researchontheplaceboeffectisverylimited.

34 Researchonpaincontrolattractsmostoftheattentionbecause

A onlyalimitednumberofresearcheshavebeenconductedsofar.

B scientistshavediscoveredthatendorphinscanhelptoreducepain.

C painreducingagentsmightalsobeinvolvedinplaceboeffect.

D patientsoftenexperiencepainandliketocomplainaboutit.

35 FabrizioBenedetti’sresearchonendorphinsindicatesthat

A theyarewidelyusedtoregulatepain.

B theycanbeproducedbywillfulthoughts.

C theycanbeneutralizedbyintroducingnaloxone.

D theirpain-relievingeffectsdonotlastlongenough.

Questions36-40

DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage3?

Inboxes36-40onyouranswersheet,write

TRUE ifthestatement agreeswiththeinformation

FALSE