2011年新高三閱讀理解解題技巧復(fù)習(xí)

...wd......wd......wd...2011年新高三閱讀理解解題技巧復(fù)習(xí)Ⅰ.2011年江蘇高考英語閱讀理解備考注意目前，大局部高三學(xué)生英語學(xué)習(xí)與2010年英語高考指揮棒完全背道而馳，其具體表現(xiàn)在(以江蘇省高考英語試卷為例)：

高考英語試卷就是聽力20分，閱讀60分，寫作25分，單項選擇15分，而高三學(xué)生實際是從9月1日開學(xué)計算至2009年11月24日，以高三學(xué)生每天英語學(xué)習(xí)3小時計算，一共學(xué)習(xí)240小時。其中，用于聽力訓(xùn)練的時間只有10小時，閱讀訓(xùn)練時間只有40小時，作文訓(xùn)練時間只有10小時，剩余180小時都用于講背單詞和練背單項選擇題。

兩方面列表比照方下：從上表可見，與高考導(dǎo)向南轅北轍，再刻苦，也是刻舟求劍，緣木求魚。因此，建議高三學(xué)生在底下的英語學(xué)習(xí)中，以每天學(xué)習(xí)英語三小時計算，每天至少應(yīng)當用一個半小時閱讀英語名著簡寫本以及原著，到達一百萬詞的閱讀量。原因在于：第一，雖然目前高三學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)主要還是以語言知識的講解和記憶為主，聽力、閱讀和寫作的等語言運用能力訓(xùn)練只占很少一局部；但目前的高考英語，已經(jīng)很少單獨考察學(xué)生對于語言知識的了解，而是主要考察學(xué)生的英語語言運用能力，即聽力、閱讀、寫作能力，且越來越多考察基于語言運用能力之上的邏輯思維能力和批判思維能力。第二，對于高三學(xué)生，閱讀英文名著簡寫本是提高英語閱讀能力最快，英語成績提高最快的方法。英語學(xué)習(xí)的目的在于運用，學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)鍵也在于運用。學(xué)了單詞和句式，要馬上用起來，在大量的運用中體會掌握單詞句式的用法，形成英語思維。一本英文原著，一般都有兩百至三百頁，三十多萬詞。開場看前面五十頁時，會有很多不會的單詞和句式，先查清，理解。到后面兩百多頁，單詞本上的單詞句式不斷重復(fù)，反復(fù)理解。一本原著看下來，一個單詞在上下文里出現(xiàn)五十次，一個句式出現(xiàn)一百次，理解掌握水到渠成。第三，高三學(xué)生閱讀英文名著簡寫本及原著，可以根據(jù)自己的實際水平，愛好選擇難度適中，自己最感興趣的書閱讀。有兩個例子特別值得高三學(xué)生借鑒思考研究。2007年，上海外國語大學(xué)附中高二學(xué)生王秋睿參加SAT美國高考,取得了總分值的好成績。2008年，南京外國語學(xué)校的高二學(xué)生劉梓棟參加SAT美國高考,也取得了總分值的好成績，他們的經(jīng)歷都是，閱讀原著堅持不懈，英語感好了，說不上原因也能知道答案。在每天一個半小時的閱讀時間內(nèi)，可以根據(jù)自己的水平確定閱讀量。找到一本適宜的英文書閱讀，越讀越想讀，越讀越能讀，這樣的學(xué)習(xí)效率才最高。有一百萬詞的閱讀量，遠遠超過新課標所要求的三十六萬詞的閱讀量，閱讀中掌握五千單詞，超過高考大綱要求的三千五百單詞。在此根基之上，再踏踏實實地訓(xùn)練聽力，理清語法，再訓(xùn)練單項選擇，寫作，高考英語就可以沖刺110分。①.保證一定的閱讀量，每天2-4篇(至少1篇，天天堅持)。②.有精讀有泛讀，不要篇篇都仔細看。③.精讀應(yīng)以讀近幾年各地高考試題，特別是北京試題為主，因為它們才代表了高考命題的真髓。④.精讀時應(yīng)適當練習(xí)句子成分分析，長句難句增加，必然對學(xué)生分析句子構(gòu)造的根本功要求越來越高。⑤.精讀時還要注意詞義詞性的區(qū)分，后置定語，連接詞語以及由動詞形式變化反映的句意的變化。⑥.考前練限時閱讀，35分鐘完成5篇總詞數(shù)約2400的各類文章。⑦.注意總結(jié)六類問題的答題規(guī)律〔主旨大意題，具體細節(jié)題，推斷詞義句義題，判斷推理題，文章構(gòu)造題和觀點態(tài)度題〕。⑧.除掌握高考詞匯表上的單詞外，還應(yīng)掌握考綱要求的構(gòu)詞法知識〔比方今年高考中對于A篇unsettled一詞、C篇aturn-takinggame等詞語的理解〕。高考江蘇省考試大綱對英語閱讀作了以下說明：1.理解語篇主旨大意；2.理解文中具體信息；3.根據(jù)上下文提供的線索推測生詞的詞義；4.作出簡單的判斷和推理；5.理解文章的根本構(gòu)造；6.理解作者的觀點、意圖和態(tài)度。Ⅱ.主旨大意+作者的觀點、意圖和態(tài)度A.設(shè)題方式①.考察文章的中心思想Themainidea/keypointofthispassageisthat_____.Thepassageismainlyabout__.Fromthepassagewecanlearn/concludethat_________.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?②.考察文章標題的選擇Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassageis_________.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle?Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis_________.③.考察作者的寫作態(tài)度和意圖Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinthispassage?Thewriter’spurposeinwritingthisstoryis____.Inthepassagetheauthorwantstotell___.Thewriter’sattitudetoward...is___.B.干擾項特點①.以偏概全。干擾項只闡述了文章的一局部內(nèi)容，也就是文章的局部信息。②.斷章取義。干擾項常常以文章中的個別信息或個別字眼作為選項的設(shè)置內(nèi)容，或者以次要的事實或細節(jié)冒充全文的主要觀點。③.主題擴大。干擾項所歸納、概括的范圍過大，超過文章實際所討論的內(nèi)容。④.張冠李戴。命題者有意地把屬于A的特征放在B的身上，構(gòu)成一個干擾項?？忌蛔⒁獾那闆r下，會造成錯選答案。⑤.無中生有或似是而非。有的干擾項中的關(guān)鍵詞語好似在文章中談到了，但認真分析之后你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這類干擾項的內(nèi)容與文章的內(nèi)容毫無聯(lián)系。C.解題指導(dǎo)1.分清主次，抓住主干，找出主題句。主題句是歸納表達文章中心思想的句子,它的出現(xiàn)有四種情況:1〕主題句在開頭?主題句出現(xiàn)在段落或文章的開頭局部,起著開宗明義?點明主題的作用,它可以使讀者一開場就明白文章所講的內(nèi)容主旨?而支撐句則使用一些具體的人、物、數(shù)字或具體的步驟來闡述或論證主題，常伴有forexample\i.e.\thatis\first\second\finally\once\anothertime\foronething等詞。2〕主題句在結(jié)尾?用歸納法寫的文章,其構(gòu)造是表述細節(jié)的句子放在前面,概述性的句子放在后面,并以此而結(jié)尾,所以結(jié)尾的句子起著總結(jié)歸納?畫龍點睛的作用，多伴有so\therefore\thus\inshort\asaresult\thatiswhy等詞。3〕考生可以快速瀏覽每段首尾兩句來確定每段的主題句，從而確定文章的主題句。【考例分析1】Intheexcitementithadfeltlikeonlyafewminutes,butwehadbeenwiththosewonderfulanimalsforalmostanhourandahalf.Thatwasthesimpleandlastingbeautyoftheday,Nearlyfourdecadeslater,Istilllookbackfondlytothatgoldendayatsea.54.Whatisthethemeofthestory?〔2010年湖北卷A篇-節(jié)選自文章最后一段〕A.SavinglivesbringspeopleasenseofhappinessB.FishingprovidesexcitementforchildrenC.It’snecessarytoliveinharmonywithanimalsD.It’svitaltoprotecttheenvironment【考例分析2】MyfewminuteswithMr.Galbreathchangedmylife.NowItrytotreateveryonewithrespect,nomatterwhoIthinktheyare,andnomatteranotherhumanbeingwithkindnessandsincerity.59.Whatisthemessagemainlyexpressedinthestory?〔2010年重慶卷A篇-節(jié)選自文章最后一段〕A.Weshouldlearntobegenerous.B.Itishonorabletohelpthoseinneed.C.Peopleinhighpositionsarenotlikewhatweexpect.D.Weshouldavoidjudgingpeoplebytheirappearances.【考例分析3】Weoftendon’trememberthingsaswellwhenwe’retryingtomanageseveraldetailsatthesametime.Withoutmentalfocus,wemaynotpayenoughattentiontonewinformationcomingin,soitnevermakesitintoourmemorystores.Thatisoneofthemainreasonsweforgetpeople’snames---evensometimesrightaftertheyhaveintroducedthemselves.Multitaskingcanalsoaffectourrelationships.Ifsomeonecheckstheire-mailwhileonthephonewithafriend,theymaycomeoffasabsent-mindedordisinterested.Itcanalsocausethatpersontomissoroverlookkeyinformationbeingpassedontothem.52.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?〔2010年浙江卷C篇-節(jié)選自文章最后一段〕A.Multitaskinghasbecomeawayoflife.B.Multitaskingoftenleadstoefficiencydecline.C.Multitaskingexercisesneedtobeimproved.D.Multitaskingenablespeopletorememberthingsbetter.4〕值得注意的是:有些文章和段落無明顯的主題句,只是暗示性地表達主題?這就要求考生在閱讀過程中,根據(jù)文章中所表達的事實或提供的線索來概括和總結(jié)文章的大意?2.理清層次關(guān)系,，選出最正確標題標題是文章中心思想的精練表達,多為一個名詞詞組，短小明了,函蓋性強?做這類題目時,要在閱讀全文的根基上,把握好層次關(guān)系。注意選項的歸納范圍要恰如其分,干擾項往往是局部信息，是某一小節(jié)或文章里的某一句。所以我們在解題時要反復(fù)推敲，把概括范圍過窄或過寬的選項過濾掉?！究祭治?】Whenyou’relyingonthewhitesandsoftheMexicanRiviera,thestresses(壓力)oftheworldseemamillionmilesaway.Hey,stop!Thisisnovacation-youhavetofinishsomething!49.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?〔2010年全國卷IIB篇-節(jié)選自文章第一段〕A．AdventuresinTravelWritingB．WorkingasaFoodCriticC．TravelGuidesontheMarketD．VacationingforaLiving【考例分析5】ToomuchTV-watchingcanharmchildren’sabilitytolearnandevenreducetheirchancesofgettingacollegedegree,newstudiessuggestinthelatestefforttoexaminetheeffectsoftelevisiononchildren.67.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?〔2010年遼寧卷C篇-節(jié)選自文章第一段〕A.ComputersorTelevisionB.EffectsofTelevisiononChildrenC.StudiesonTVandCollegeEducationD.TelevisionandChildren'sLearningHabits【考例分析6】Toerrishuman.Toblametheotherguyisevenmorehuman.Commonsenseisnotallthatcommon.Whytellthetruthwhenyoucancomeupwithagoodexcuse?Thesethreepopularmisquotes(戲謔的引語)aremeanttobejokes,andyettheytellusalotabouthumannature.Toerr,ortomakemistakes,isindeedapartofbeinghuman,butitseemsthatmostpeopledon’twanttoaccepttheresponsibilityfortheproblem.Perhapsitisthenaturalthingtodo.Theoriginalquoteabouthumannaturewentlikethis:〞Toerrishuman,toforgive,divine(神圣的).〞Thissayingmirrorsandealpeopleshouldbeforgivingofothers’mistakes.Instead,wetendtodotheopposite–findsomeoneelsetopasstheblameonto.However,takingresponsibilityforsomethingthatwentwrongisamakingofgreatmaturity.55.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforhispassage?〔2010年天津卷D篇-節(jié)選自文章第一局部〕A.AMirrorofHumanNatureB.ToBlameortoForgiveC.AMarkofMaturityD.TruthorExcuse3.抓住關(guān)鍵詞，判斷作者意圖作者在描述事實或傳遞信息時,不管他的意圖是什么,其觀點和態(tài)度都不可防止地在文章中反映出來?常見的涉及到作者態(tài)度的詞有褒義類詞〔approving,positive,optimistic,等〕，貶義類詞(critical,pessimistic,doubtful,questioning)和中性類詞(indifferent,serious,objective,concerned,neutral)。這就要求考生在閱讀時應(yīng)特別注意文章的措辭,尤其注意那些表達感情色彩的形容詞如improving,encouraging,disappointing,fail,ignore等，以及作者對人物語言?行為和思想的描寫,從中領(lǐng)悟作者的寫作意圖和態(tài)度?【考例分析7】Theworldofmake-believeisnotnecessarilybad.Butwhentheworldoffantasybecomestheonlyoutlet(出路)foroursenseofwonder,thenwearereallymissingsomething.Wearemissingaconnectionwiththelivingworld.Otherwonderfulworldsexistallaroundus.Butevenmoreinterestingisthatifwelookcloselyenough,wecanseethattheseworlds,inabroadsense,arereallypartofourown.75.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?〔2010年重慶卷E篇-節(jié)選自文章第一段〕A.Toshowusthehiddenbeautyinourworld.B.Towarnusnottogetlostinthefantasyworld.C.Toargueagainstthemisuseofthesenseofwonder.D.Todiscusstheinfluenceoftheworldofmake-believe.4.小結(jié)：總之，主旨大意類題雖然綜合性強，對考生的能力要求較高，但只要我們掌握了一定的解題技巧，在讀懂讀透文章的根基上，仔細比照四個備選項之間的內(nèi)涵與外延之間的差異，定能準確地找出正確答案。Ⅲ.細節(jié)理解題A.正確答案的特點：與原文情節(jié)表達手法不同，但所表達的意思一樣。B.干擾選項的特點：①.是原文信息，但與題目要求不符；②.符合常識，但不符合原文內(nèi)容；③.與原文情節(jié)極為相似，只是在程度上有些變動；④.選項中所提供的信息局部正確，局部錯誤；⑤.在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反。C.事實細節(jié)題:主要考察學(xué)生對閱讀材料中的某一特定細節(jié)或文章的主要事實的理解能力,問題主要包詢問人(who)、物(what)、時間(when)、地點(where)、原因(cause)、結(jié)果(effect)、文的數(shù)據(jù)(data)等。新聞、說明文、廣告信息等常?？季唧w細節(jié)。①.直接事實題：先閱讀題干，確定讀材料的時候要查找的細節(jié)及事實的范圍，然后利用略讀的手法找出出處。②.間接事實題：需結(jié)合上下文提供的語境和信息進展簡單的概括和判斷。D.常見問題形式有1).三正一誤(三項正確，只有一項不符合原文內(nèi)容)或三誤一正(三項錯誤，只有一項符合原文容)：①.Whichofthefollowingistrue/falseexcept…?②.Whichofthefollowingismentionedexcept…2).定義3.年代與數(shù)字4.比擬5.原因和結(jié)果【考例分析1】Theshowbusinessthingworkedout,ofcourse.Inhercareer,Marywonmanyawards.Onlyrecently,whenshebegantowriteGrowingUpAgain,didsheregretignoringhermorn,"Idon'tknowhowtouseacomputer,"sheadmits.61.WhydidMaryfeelregretful?〔2010年湖南卷B篇-節(jié)選自文章第二段〕A.Shedidn'tachieveherambition.B.Shedidn'ttakecareofhermother.C.Shedidn'tcompleteherhighschool.D.Shedidn'tfollowhermother'sadvice. 62.Wecanknowthatbefore1995Mary〔2010年湖南卷B篇-節(jié)選自文章第二段〕A.hadtwobookspublishedB.receivedmanycareerawardsC.knewhowtouseacomputerD.supportedtheJDRFbywriting 【考例分析2】Unlikeher1995autobiography,AfterAll,hersecondbookislessaboutlifeasanaward-winningactressandmoreaboutlivingwithdiabetes(糖尿病).AllthemoneyfromthebookisintendedfortheJuvenileDiabetesResearchFoundation(JDRF),anorganizationsheservesasinternationalchairman."Ifelttherewasaneedforabooklikethis,"shesays."Ididn'twanttolecture,butIwantedotherdiabeticstoknowthatthingsgetbetterwhenwe'reself-controlledanddoourpartinmanagingthedisease."〔2010年湖南卷B篇-節(jié)選自文章第三段〕63.Mary'ssecondbookGrowingUpAgainismainlyabouther.A.livingwithdiabetesB.successfulshowbusinessC.serviceforanorganizationD.remembranceofhermother 【考例分析3】Everydayweexperienceoneofthewondersoftheworldarounduswithoutevenrealizingit.Itisnottheamazingcomplexityoftelevision,northeimpressivetechnologyoftransport.Theuniversalwonderweshareandexperienceisourabilitytomakenoisewithoutmouths,andsotransmitideasandthoughtstoeachother’sminds.Thisabilitycomessonaturallythatwetendtoforgetwhatamiracle(奇跡)itis.(2010年江西E篇-節(jié)選自文章第一段)72.Accordingtothepassage,thewonderwetakeforgrantedis_________.A.ourabilitytouselanguageB.themiracleoftechnologyC.theamazingpowerofnatureD.ourabilitytomakenoiseswithmouth【考例分析4】Afteramonthoffeelingupset,Thomasdecidedhe'dbetterfindawaytofightback.HeleftCanton,MichiganforNewYork,gotajobwaitingtables,nicknamedhimselftheDiabeticRockstar,andcreateddiabeticrockstar.com,afreeonlinecommunityfordiabeticsandtheirlovedones—aplacewhereover1,100peoplesharepersonalstories,information,andresources.

57.Diabeitcrockstar.comwascreatedfor_________.〔2010年山東卷A篇-節(jié)選自文章第二段〕A.diabeticstocommunicateB.volunteerstofindjobsC.childrentoamusethemselvesD.rockstarstoshareresources.【考例分析5】Thesedays,Thomas'smainfocusishischarity〔慈善機構(gòu)〕,FightIt,whichprovidesmedicinesandsuppliestopeople—225todate—whocan'taffordadiabetic'shugeexpenses.Fight-it.orghasraisedabout$23,000—inproductsandincash.InMay,ThomaswillholdthefirstannualDiabeticRockstarFestivalintheCaribbean.59.WhatcanwelearnaboutFightIt?〔2010年山東卷A篇-節(jié)選自文章第五段〕A.Ithelpsthediabeticsinfinancialdifficulties.B.Itorganizespartiesforvolunteeronceayear.C.Itofferslessexpensivemedicinetodiabetics.D.Itownsawell-knownmedicalwebsite.【考例分析6】Armantrout,anativeCalifornian,receivedherbachelor’sdegreeatUCBerkeley,whereshestudiedwithnotedpoetDeniseLevertov,andhermaster’sincreativewritingfromSanFranciscoStateUniversity.SheisafoundingmemberofLanguagePoets,agroupinAmericanpoetrythatanalyzesthewaylanguageisusedandraisesquestionstomakethereaderthink.67.WhichofthefollowingistrueofRaeArmantrout?〔2010年山東卷C篇-節(jié)選自文章第3段〕A.Shepublishedapoetrytextbook.B.SheusedtoteachDeniseLevertov.C.Shestartedapoets’groupwithothers.D.ShetaughtcreativewritingatUCBerkeley.【考例分析7】Manysportsencouragenationalorlocalpride.Themostfamousgamesofall,theOlympicGames,bringathletesfromaroundtheworldtogethertotakepartinfriendlycompetition.Peoplewhowatchtheeventwaveflags,knowingthatagoldmedalisawinforanentirecountry,notjusttheathletewhoearnedit.Forcountriesexperiencingnaturaldisastersorwar,anOlympicwincanmeansomuch.〔2010年天津卷B篇-節(jié)選自文章第4段〕43.Accordingtothepassage,whyiswinningOlympicmedalssoencouraging?A.Itinspirespeople’sdeeploveforthecountry.B.Itprovestheexceptionalskillsofthewinners.C.Ithelpsthecountryoutofnaturaldisasters.D.Itearnsthewinnersfameandfortune.【考例分析8】Thisstory—whichhappenedbeforeIwasborn—remindsmehowextraordinarymymotherwas,andisalsoagiftedmathematician.IfeelembarrassedthatIcomplainaboutnothavingenoughchild-freetimetowork.Later,whenmymotherisinthebathroom,Igointoherkitchenandturnoverthebreadboards.Sureenough,onthebackofthesmallestone,aresomepenciledmarksIrecognizeasmathematics.Thosesymbolshavetraveledunaffectedthroughfiftyyears,rootedinthesoilofacheapwoodenbreadboard,invisible〔看不到的〕exhibitsateverymeal.48.Theauthorfeelsembarrassedfor.〔2010年天津卷C篇-節(jié)選自文章最后一段〕A.blaminghermotherwrongly.B.givinghermotheralotoftrouble.C.notmakinggooduseoftimeashermotherdid.D.notmakinganybreakthroughinherfield.【考例分析9】Thesethreepopularmisquotes(戲謔的引語)aremeanttobejokes,andyettheytellusalotabouthumannature.Toerr,ortomakemistakes,isindeedapartofbeinghuman,butitseemsthatmostpeopledon’twanttoaccepttheresponsibilityfortheproblem.Perhapsitisthenaturalthingtodo.Theoriginalquoteabouthumannaturewentlikethis:〞Toerrishuman,toforgive,divine(神圣的).〞Thissayingmirrorsandealpeopleshouldbeforgivingofothers’mistakes.Instead,wetendtodotheopposite–findsomeoneelsetopasstheblameonto.However,takingresponsibilityforsomethingthatwentwrongisamakingofgreatmaturity.(節(jié)選自文章第4段)52.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisasignofaman’smaturity?〔2010年天津卷D篇〕A.Doingthingshisownway.B.Bearingresponsibilityforhismistakes.C.Makingasfewmistakesaspossible．D.Thinkingseriouslyabouthiswrongdoing.【考例分析10】SaratriedtobefriendheroldfriendSteve'snewwife,butBettyneverseemedtohaveanythingtosay.WhileSarafeltBettydidn'tholdupherendoftheconversation,BettycomplainedtoStevethatSaranevergaveherachancetotalk.Theproblemhadtodowithexpectationsaboutpacingandpausing.64.WhatdidSarathinkofBettywhentalkingwithher?〔2010年北京卷C篇-節(jié)選自文章第1段〕A.Bettywastalkative.B.Bettywasaninterrupter.C.Bettydidnottakeherturn.D.BettypaidnoattentiontoSara.Ⅳ.猜想詞義題:詞、短語意思的猜想主要依據(jù)它所在段落的內(nèi)容進展。如果該段落比擬短，信息量缺乏，那么與之相鄰的上下兩個段落的內(nèi)容則是猜詞義的重要依據(jù)。A.詞義猜想題常用的提問方式：①.Theword“…〞refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_______.②.Theword“…〞ismostlikelytomean______.③.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…〞standsfor?④.Theunderlinedword“…〞means___......B.猜想詞義方法1).Definition定義法：一般通過定義、定語〔從句〕或同位語〔從句〕來確定詞義.①.Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.()②.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.()2).Contrast比照法：利用文中的反義詞以及表比照關(guān)系的詞〔組〕猜想詞義。①.Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.()②.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.ontimeB.lateC.slowlyD.quickly【考例分析1】Ihateddinnerparties.ButIdecidedtogivethemanothershotbecauseI'minLondon.AndmyfriendMalleryinvitedme.AndbecausedinnerpartiesinLondonareverydifferentfromthosebackinNewYork.There,'“I’mhavingadinnerparty'means:"I'mbookingatablefor12atarestaurantyoucan'taffordandwe'llbesharingthechecqueevenly,nomatterwhatyoueat.“Worse,inManhattanthereisalwayssomeonewholeavesbeforethebillarrives.They'llthrowdowncash,halfofwhattheyowe,andthenpeoplelikeme,whodon’tdrink,enduppayingevenmore.ButifItrytousethesametrick,thehostesswillshout:"Whereareyougoing?"Andit'snotlikeIcansayIhavesomewheretogo:everyoneknowIhavenowheretogo.60.Whatdoestheword"shot"inParagraph1probablymean?〔2010年遼寧卷B篇-節(jié)選自第1段〕A.Choice.B.TryC.Style.D.Goal3).Similarity相似法：利用同義詞、近義詞或詞組猜想詞義。①.Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormoustask.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.()4).Causeandeffect因果法：從原因推測結(jié)果，從結(jié)果推測原因。①.Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.()②.Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.()【考例分析2】Thoughyearshavenowpassed,Istillwonderwheremyrainbowhasgone.Iwonderif,maybewhenIgetolder,Icanfindmyrainbowandneverhavetobrushitaway.Iguessweallneedsortofrainbowtobrightenourlivesfromtimetotimeandtokeepourhopesanddreamscolorful.43.Theunderlinedword“rainbow〞inthelastparagraphrefersto____.A.therainbowintheskyB.thestripesonthepavement〔2010年浙江卷A篇-選自最后第1段〕C.somethingimaginativeandfunD.importantlessonslearnedinchildhood5).Example例舉法：利用文中的舉例猜想詞義.常見的舉例提示詞:forinstance/example,suchasetc.①.Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.()6).Context上下文：利用語境及前后的提示來猜想詞義。①.HesoundedquitenervousandhehadbeentalkingforaminuteorsobeforeIunderstandanything.EventhenallIcouldmakeoutwasthatsomeonecalledMillyhadhadaverybadaccident.A.seeclearlyB.understandC.expect②.Thechildrenarelookingatanape.A．a(chǎn)kindofmonkeyB．a(chǎn)kindoftreeC．a(chǎn)kindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatanapeatthezoo．A．a(chǎn)kindofmonkeyB．a(chǎn)kindoftreeC．a(chǎn)kindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatalarge,hairyapeatthezoo．A．a(chǎn)kindofmonkeyB．a(chǎn)kindoftreeC．a(chǎn)kindofbird【考例分析3】ItturnedoutthatEasternersfocusedmuchgreaterattentionontheeyesandmadesignificantlymoreerrorsthandidWesterners."Theculturaldifferenceineyemovementsthattheyshowisprobablyareflectionofculturaldifferenceinfacialexpressions,"Jacksaid."OurdatasuggestthatwhereasWesternersusethewholefacetoconveyemotion,Easternersusetheeyesmoreandmouthless.〞〔2010年湖南卷C篇-節(jié)選自文章第6段〕68.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"they"inParagraph6referto?A.Theparticipantsinthestudy.B.Theresearchersofthestudy.C.Theerrorsmadeduringthestudy.D.Thedatacollectedfromthestudy.【考例分析4】Asksomeonewhattheyhavedonetohelptheenvironmentrecentlyandtheywillalmostcertainlymentionrecycling.Recyclinginthehomeisveryimportantofcourse.However,beingforcedtorecycleoftenmeanswealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed.Wearedealingwiththeresultsofthatover-consumptioninthegreenestwaypossible,butitwouldbefarbetterifwedidnotneedtobringsomuchmaterialhomeinthefirstplace.61.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“over-consumption〞referto?〔2010年山東B篇-選自第1段〕A.Usingtoomuchpackaging.B.Recyclingtoomanywastes.C.Makingmoreproductsthannecessary.D.Havingmorematerialthanisneeded.7)monSense常識法：在閱讀的過程中，如遇到生詞，有時可以根據(jù)自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)歷，或運用自己已有的常識將其推測出來。比方了解一些英美國家的天文地理、風俗習(xí)慣、宗教信仰、政治構(gòu)造、社會制度等，可以幫助加深對文章的理解，遇到生詞時，猜想詞義的能力自然就會增強。①.Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient，heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconscious，becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.C.【考例練習(xí)】Passage1:Aman’spositionamongtheblack-tentpeopledependsonhisancestors,relatives,andfellowtribesmen.Iftheyarehonored,heisalsohonored.Iftheyaredisgraced,hetooisdisgraced.Thereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily,hislineage(宗系),andhistribe.①.Theword“disgrace〞means_________inthistext.A.honorB.endangerC.proudD.shamePassage2:Therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolutionhewasbanished.AfewmembersoftheSenate(參議院)opposedthisdecision,butthemajorityvotedthattherulershouldleavethecountryforever.②.Theunderlinedword“banished〞mean_______.A.killedbystoningB.sentawayC.imprisonedD.punishedbywhippingPassage3:Althoughheoftenhadthechance,Mr.Brownwasneverabletostealmoneyfromacustomer.Thiswouldendangeredhispositionatthebank,andhedidnotwanttojeopardizehisfuture.③.Theword“jeopardize〞means__inthistext.A.protectB.endangerC.continueD.stopⅤ.推理判斷題A.推理判斷的題目中常含有infer、imply詞匯等。B.干擾項的特點：①.將文章中的信息作為干擾項；②.將不符事實.邏輯的判斷推理結(jié)果作為干擾項。C.解題方法：①.判斷推理要以文中事實為依據(jù);②.不能將文中已經(jīng)說明的事實作自己的推斷;③.杜絕僅憑個人的看法，主觀臆斷。D.技巧：找出作者所陳述的細節(jié)、事實及能夠表露作者思想傾向和感情色彩的詞語，進展符合邏輯的推理。注意：不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點E.解推斷題最主要的方法:根據(jù)詞義關(guān)系推斷具體細節(jié)。F.題干形式：①.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat___.②.Fromthetextweknowthat__.③.Thestoryimpliesthat______.④.Thewritersattitudetoward…is______.⑤.Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe______.【考例分析1】Thisstory—whichhappenedbeforeIwasborn—remindsmehowextraordinarymymotherwas,andisalsoagiftedmathematician.IfeelembarrassedthatIcomplainaboutnothavingenoughchild-freetimetowork.Later,whenmymotherisinthebathroom,Igointoherkitchenandturnoverthebreadboards.Sureenough,onthebackofthesmallestone,aresomepenciledmarksIrecognizeasmathematics.Thosesymbolshavetraveledunaffectedthroughfiftyyears,rootedinthesoilofacheapwoodenbreadboard,invisible〔看不到的〕exhibitsateverymeal.49.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?〔2010年天津卷C篇-節(jié)選自文章最后一段〕A.Themotherissuccessfulinhercareer.B.Thefamilymembersliketraveling.C.Theauthorhadlittletimetoplaywhenyoung.D.Themarksonthebreadboardhavedisappeared.【考例分析2】IgrewupinahousewheretheTVwasseldomturnedonandwithonewallinmybedroomentirelylinedwithbookshelves,mostofmychildhoodwasspentonbooksIcouldgetholdof.Infact,Igrewupthinkingofreadingasnaturalasbreathingandbooksunbelievablypowerfulinshapingperspectives(觀點)bycreatingworldswecouldstepinto,takepartinandlivein.41.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthorasachild?〔2010年四川卷A篇-節(jié)選自文章第1段〕A.HeneverwatchedTV.B.Hereadwhathehadto.C.Hefoundreadingunbelievable.D.Heconsideredreadingpartofhislife.【考例分析3】Duret,anengineeronvacation,waswalkingwithhisgirlfriendalongthepier(碼頭)whenhesawsomethingfallingintothewater.Hethoughtitwasadoll,butrealizeditwasachildwhenheapproachedtheriver.Inaninstant,hetookoffhiscoatandjumpedintothewater.50.WhywasDuretinNewYork?〔2010年陜西卷B篇-節(jié)選自文章第5段〕A.TomeethisgirlfriendB.ToworkasanengineerC.TospendhisholidayD.TovisittheAndersons.【考例分析4】Andersonsaidhisdaughterslippedoffthebankwhenhewasadjustinghiscamera.Anambulancecamelaterforher,saidDuret,whowashandeddryclothesfromcookers.Duretcaughtatrainwithhisgirlfriendshortlyafter.TherescuehappenedonthedaybeforeheleftforFrance.Duretsaidhedidn’trealizehistaleofheroismhewasleavingthenextmorning.〔2010年陜西卷B篇-節(jié)選自文章倒數(shù)第2段〕53.Whenwasduetmostprobablyfoundtobetheveryhero?A.Thedaywhenhewasleavingforhome.B.AcoupleofdaysafterthegirlwasrescuedC.ThefirstdaywhenhewasinNewYorkD.Thesamedaywhenhewasinterviewed.【考例分析5】Thenthepeoplerealizedwhatwashappening.Itwasthefrog.Theyhadn’tbeenuseless.Theyhadbeendoinganimportantjob---eatinginsects.Nowwithsomanyfrogskilled,theinsectswereincreasingmorerapidly.Theyweredamagingthecropsandspreadingdiseases.58.Whatmightbethecauseofthechildren’ssickness?〔2010年遼寧A篇-節(jié)選自文章倒數(shù)第2段〕A.thecropsdidn’tdowellB.thereweretoomanyinsectsC.thevisitsbroughtindiseasesD.thepesticideswereoverused【考例分析6】Now,thepeoplearestillpoor.Butintheeveningstheysitinthevillagesquareandlistentosoundsofinsectsandfrogs.Thesesoundsofthenightnowhaveamuchdeepermeaning.59.Whatcanweinferfromthelastsentenceofthetext?〔2010年遼寧A篇-選自文章最后一段〕A.HappinesscomesfrompeacefullifeinthecountryB.HealthismoreimportantthanmoneyC.TheharmonybetweenmanandnatureisimportantD.goodolddaywillneverbeforgotten【考例分析6】IntheCaliforniastudy,childrenwithTVsintheirroomsbutnocomputerathomescoredthelowestwhilethosewithnobedroomTVbutwhohadhomecomputersscoredthehighest.WhilethisstudydoesnotprovethatbedroomTVsetscausedthelowerscores,itaddstoaccumulatingfindingsthatchildrenshouldn'thaveTVsintheirbedrooms66.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?〔2010年遼寧卷C篇-節(jié)選自文章最后一段〕A.Moretimeshouldbespentoncomputers.B.ChildrenshouldbeforbiddenfromwatchingTV.C.'IVsetsshouldn'tbeallowedinchildren'sbedrooms,D.Furtherstudiesonhigh-achievingstudentsshouldbedone【考例分析6】Humanbeings,asbiologistshavesuggested,possessaninborndesiretoconnectwithandunderstandotherlifeforms.However,people,especiallyinbigcities,oftenleadratherisolatedlives.InastudyofBritishschoolchildren,itwasfoundthatchildrenbyageeightweremuchmorefamiliarwithcharactersfromtelevisionshowsandvideogamesthanwithcommonwildlife.Withoutmodemtechnology,asmallpondcouldbeanamazingworldfilledwithstrangeandbeautifulplants,insects,birds,andanimals.Whenwelackmeaningfulinteraction(交互)withtheworldaroundus,andsometimesevenwithourfamiliesandfriends,weseektounderstandandcommunicatewiththingsthatexistonlyinourimaginationsoronacomputerscreen.73.WhatcanweinferfromtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3?〔2010重慶E篇-選自第5段〕A.Peoplearefarlessfamiliar