賓語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句講解

賓語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句講解（一）that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)連詞有that,who,whose,what,which,副詞when,where,how,why,whether,if可以跟that從句做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：say,think,wish,hope,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree.1、在學(xué)習(xí)賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)候要知道賓語(yǔ)從句的構(gòu)成Iheardthathewouldcomeherelateron.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)詞一個(gè)句子作賓語(yǔ)2、要注意在賓語(yǔ)從句中主句與從句的時(shí)態(tài)要呼應(yīng)（a）當(dāng)主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況，選擇時(shí)態(tài)例如：Ibelieve（that）youdidyourbestforthat.Ibelieve（that）youwilldoyourbestforthat.(b)當(dāng)主句的時(shí)態(tài)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（過(guò)去時(shí)代包括，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)等過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)）例如：Ihearthathewillcomeherelateron.Iheardthathewouldcomeherelateron.Ican’ttellhimthathismotherdied.(c)當(dāng)主句的時(shí)態(tài)用的是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，但是從句的內(nèi)容是對(duì)客觀事情的敘述，從句依然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如：Myteachersaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.That引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句在句中作主句的定語(yǔ)，修飾前面的名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系代詞。我們今天要學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)由關(guān)系代詞that來(lái)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句一，that在定語(yǔ)從句中既可指代人也可指代物。先行詞是人或者物時(shí)，可以用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)如：Haveyouseenthewomanthatiswearingredcoat?Hefoundthegirlthatwe’relookingfor.Pleaseshowmethephotothatyoulikebest.關(guān)系代詞that在從句中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或者是賓語(yǔ)，在當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常常省略。Hefoundthegirl（that）wearelookingfor.1.Thefanisonthedesk.Youwantit.__________________________________________________________2.Themanisinthenextroom.Hebroughtourtextbookshereyesterday.__________________________________________________________3.Themagazineismine.Hehastakenitaway.__________________________________________________________4.Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.Theydon’tstudyhard.__________________________________________________________5.Thewomanisourgeographyteacher.Yousawherinthepark.__________________________________________________________6.Theletterisfrommysister.Ireceivedityesterday.__________________________________________________________7.Theplaywaswonderful.Wesawitlastnight.__________________________________________________________That引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句HepromisedthathewouldnevermakethatmistakeagainWeallbelievethepromisethathemadetous賓語(yǔ)從句中that為連詞，不充當(dāng)任何成分，可以省略定語(yǔ)從句中that為關(guān)系代詞，充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)或者是賓語(yǔ),充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略選擇填空：1.Theman____visitedourschoolyesterdayisfromLondon.A.that B.which C.whom D.when2.Thewoman____istalkingtomymotherisafriendofhers.A.whose B.that C.whom D.which3.Tomdidnottakeawaythecamerabecauseitwasjustthesamecamera____helostlastweek.A.which B.that C.whom D.as4.Whereistheman____Imetthismorning?A.when B.where C.which D./5.Thedoctor____isleavingforAfricanextmonth.A.thenurseistalkingtohimB.whomthenurseistalkingC.thenurseistalkingto D.whothenurseistalking6.Theman____aroundourschoolisfromAmerica.A.whichyoushowedB.youshowedhim C.youshowedD.whereyoushowed7.Haveyoureadthebook____Ilenttoyou?A.that B.whom C.when D.whose8.Jackispleasedwith____youhavegivenhimandall____youhavetoldhim. A.that,what B.what,that C.which,what D.that,which9Hefound____thebook____isaboutAustraliaisveryinterestingAwhat,whenBthat,whereCthat,/D/,that10Iamveryhappy____IwaschosentorepresentourschooltotakepartinthecompetitionA.whatBwhyCwhichDthat注意！賓語(yǔ)從句小口訣：賓語(yǔ)從句三注意，時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)序引導(dǎo)詞；主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句不需受限制；主句一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句須用相應(yīng)時(shí)；陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化that引，一般疑問(wèn)句用if/whether,特殊問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)詞，引導(dǎo)詞后陳述式。whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句主要用來(lái)引導(dǎo)一般疑問(wèn)句意思或選擇疑問(wèn)句意思的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句同樣是陳述語(yǔ)序eg,Iwonderif/whetheryouhavetoldthenewstoLiLei.注意：一般情況下，whether和if可以互用，但有些情況例外。a.當(dāng)從句做介詞的賓于是只用whether不用ifeg,Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe'llgoonthepicnic.b.引導(dǎo)詞與動(dòng)詞不定式或not連用時(shí)，只用whether.eg,Pleaseletmeknowwhattodonext.Couldyoutellmewhetheryougoornot?c.if當(dāng)如果講時(shí)，引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，這時(shí)不能用whether特殊疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用特殊疑問(wèn)詞；引導(dǎo)詞后要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。E.g.Couldyoutellmewhat'sthematter\wrongwithyou?特殊情況當(dāng)doyouthink后接特殊疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，句式結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為引導(dǎo)詞＋doyouthink＋陳述句語(yǔ)序。人稱的變化和標(biāo)點(diǎn)的使用從句的主語(yǔ)如果是第一人稱，變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句則與主句的主語(yǔ)一致；如果是第二人稱，則與主句的賓語(yǔ)一致；如果是第三人稱，不用變化。如：“MayIuseyourknife？”Heaskedme.→Heaskedmeifhemightusemyknife.“Doyouknowhertelephonenumber？”Heaskedme.→HeaskedmeifIknowhertelephonenumber.賓語(yǔ)從句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)均由主句決定。主句是陳述句，用句號(hào)；主句是疑問(wèn)句，用問(wèn)號(hào)。如：Whowillgiveusatalk?Idon?tknow.→Idon?tknowwhowillgiveusatalk.Doyouknow？Wheredoeshelive?→Doyouknowwherehelives鞏固練習(xí)1.Haveyoudecided________forAustralia?A.whenwillyouleaveB.whendoyouleaveC.youwillleavewhenD.whenyouwillleave2.Canyoutellme_________?A.wheredoesTomliveB.whereTomlivedC.TomliveswhereD.whereTomlives3.Theoldmanaskedme________.二，定語(yǔ)從句定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面兩句中的man和everything是定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that,which,who(賓格whom,所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞where,when、why關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作用：1、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句2、代替先行詞3、在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.who指人，在從句中做主語(yǔ)(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.如果先行詞是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用who或whom.例：Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou?2.whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中常用who代替，可省略。(2)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主語(yǔ))(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做賓語(yǔ))4.that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主語(yǔ))(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做賓語(yǔ))具體使用時(shí)還要注意下列問(wèn)題：

1,只能使用that,不用which的情況：

(1)先行詞是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代詞時(shí)。例如：Allthathesaidistrue.

先行詞被only,no,any,all,等詞修飾時(shí)。例如：Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.

先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例如：Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的詞。Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.

先行詞既包括人又包括物時(shí)。例如：Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.2,只用which不用that的情況：(3)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，不能用關(guān)系代詞that,作賓語(yǔ)用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。例如：Theboy,whoisgoodatsoccer,comesfromXinjiang.

Thatnecklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday.非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的作用是對(duì)所修飾的成分作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，通常是引導(dǎo)詞和先行詞之間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。

（非限)

Thereissomebodyherewhowantstospeaktoyou這里有人要和你說(shuō)話(限制性)(4)which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語(yǔ)，也可以作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，多數(shù)情況下意思是與andthis相似，并可以指人。例如：

Hedidverywellinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.(5)如果作先行詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體，關(guān)系代詞用which;若是指集體中的各個(gè)成員，則用who。

5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?6.when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。例如：

I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.

7.where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。例如：

Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity

8."介詞＋關(guān)系代詞"是一個(gè)普遍使用的結(jié)構(gòu)。(1)"介詞＋關(guān)系代詞"可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。"介詞＋關(guān)系代詞"結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,toat,of,without等，關(guān)系代詞只可用whom或which,不可用that。

例:Isthatthehouseinwhichyoulive?

關(guān)系代詞whom，which在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間，有時(shí)為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將whom與which與先行詞緊挨著書(shū)寫(xiě)，而將介詞置于定語(yǔ)從句的后面，如：

Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.

像listento,lookat,takecareof等固定短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中一般不宜將介詞與動(dòng)詞分開(kāi)。例如：Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.及時(shí)鞏固：一，請(qǐng)分析一下定語(yǔ)從句：(請(qǐng)劃出定語(yǔ)從句，并標(biāo)出先行詞)1.

CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.2.

AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.3.

Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.4.

Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.5.

Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.6.

Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?8.

HewouldalwaystakeprideineverythinggoodIdo.9.

MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.10.

Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?12.

Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.13.

Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.14.

Ifyouknowsomeoneyouknowdoingthis,youcanaskthem.15.

AllIeverwantedtodowastraveling.二、用關(guān)系代詞填空：that、which、who、whom、whose1.

Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.2.

Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.3.

Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.4.

Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.5.

Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.6.

Therunner________________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.7.

Theperson______________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.8.

Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.9.

Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.10.

Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.11.

Thestorybook____________Ihavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.12.

Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.13.

Thisisshirt_______________Iboughtyesterday.14.

Adictionaryisabook_____________givesthemeaningtotheword.15.

Thebook____________isonthetableismine.16.

Thefilm____________theyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.17.

Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_____Ihaveevervisited.18.

Isthereanyone____________familyisinBeijing?19.

Showmetheboy______________motherisawell-knownsinger.20.

Theboy______fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.三、單項(xiàng)選擇()1.YourteacherofChinesei