實驗班提優(yōu)訓練

八、情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣I.情態(tài)動詞基本用法情態(tài)動詞用法否定式疑問式簡答式can能力（體力，智力，技能）允許或許可（口語中常用）可能性（表猜測，用于否定句或疑問句中）cannot/cannot/can’tdoCan…do…?Yes,…can.No,…can’t.couldcouldn’tdomay可以（問句中表示請求）可能，或許（表推測）祝愿（用于倒裝句中）maynotdoMay…do…?Yes,…may.No,…mustn’t/can’t.mightmightnotdoMight…do…?Yes,…mightNo,…mightnot.must必須，應(yīng)該（表主觀要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推測）mustnot/mustn’tdoMust…do…?Yes,…must.No,…needn’t/don’thavehaveto只好，不得不（客觀的必須，有時態(tài)和人稱的變化）don’thavetodoDo…h(huán)avetodo…?Yes,…do.No,…don’t.oughtto應(yīng)當（表示義務(wù)責任，口語中多用should）oughtnotto/oughtn’ttodoOught…todo…?Yes,…ought.No,…oughtn’t.shall用于一三人稱征求對方意見用于二三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威脅等shallnot/shan’tdoShall…do…?Yes,…shall.No,…shan’t.should應(yīng)當，應(yīng)該（表義務(wù)責任）本該（含有責備意味）shouldnot/shouldn’tdoShould…do…?will意愿，決心請求，建議，用在問句中would比較委婉willnot/won’tdoWill/Would…do…?Yes,…will.No,…won’t.wouldwouldnot/wouldn’tdodare敢（常用于否定句和疑問句中）darenot/daren’tdoDare…do…?Yes,…dare.No,…daren’t.need需要,必須（常用于否定句和疑問句中）neednot/needn’tdoNeed…do…?Yes,…must.No,…needn’t.usedto過去常常（現(xiàn)在已不再）usednot/usedn’t/usen’ttododidn’tusetodoUsed…todo…?Did…usetodo…?Yes,…used.No,…use(d)n’t.Yes,…did.No,…didn’t.II.情態(tài)動詞的重點知識表示“能力、許可”的can和may表示能力的情態(tài)動詞用can/couldAcomputer_____thinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.maynotD.mightnot表示許可時用may/might,can/could都可以，但在問句中用could…?或might…？以使口氣委婉客氣，其回答一定要用can或may，以使回答口氣明確（must表示一定，必須，mustn’t表示禁止，不許可）。①—CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?—Yes,you______A.willB.couldC.mayD.might②Johnny,you_____playwiththeknife,you_____hurtyourself.A.won’t/can’tB.mustn’t/mayC.shouldn’t/mustD.can’t/shouldn’t在肯定句中could不可以用來表示過去某一特定場合的能力，而要用was/wereableto。ThefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybutEveryone_____getout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto表示“推斷、判斷”的canmay,must在肯定句中都可以用來表示可能。在含義上must語氣最肯定,may表示的是事實上的可能性。Peter______comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.A.mustB.mayC.canD.will而can表示的是邏輯上的可能性：Maryisinpoorhealth.Shecanbeillatanytimes.在否定句中只能用can和may。所以can’t時用以代替mustn’t，語氣比may更肯定。中文可以翻譯為不可能。Michael______beapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort.A.needn’tB.can’tC.shouldD.may在疑問句只能用can，不能用may和must。Hemaybeverybusynow.Canhebeverybusynow?Hemustbeverybusynow.Canhebeverybusynow?needneed作為情態(tài)動詞只有一種形式，只用于否定句和疑問句。daredare作為情態(tài)動詞用時有兩種形式：dare和dared兩個詞形，除了可以用于否定句和疑問句外，還可以用于條件從句或表示懷疑的句子中。Ifhedarecome,Iwillkickhimout.Idon’tknowwhetherhedaresay.注意:Hedoesn’tdare(to)answerthequestion.（否定句）Doesshedare(to)enterthedarkroom?（疑問句）shall用于第一人稱：征求對方的意見。Whatshallwedothisevening?用于第二、三人稱：警告、命令、允諾、威脅等。Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkharder.警告HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.允諾Heshallbepunished.威脅should勸告、建議、命令、應(yīng)該做、道義上的責任。Youshould(oughtto)gotoclassrightaway.Ishould(oughtto)helphimbecauseheisintrouble.will/would請求、建議，would比will委婉客氣。Wouldyoupassmethebook?表示意志、愿望和決心。Iwillneverdothatagain.Theyaskedusifwewoulddothatagainwould可表示過去反復發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向。DuringthevacationhewouldvisitmeeveryweekThewoundwouldnotheal.（傷口老是不能愈合）would表示估計或猜想。Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome.Whatwouldshebedoingthere?情態(tài)動詞+havedone的用法could+havedone：本可以做而實際上未能做。Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidn’ttryyourbest.cannot+havedone：表示對現(xiàn)在或過去行為的否定推測。Hecannothavebeentothattown.can+主語+havedone：表示對過去行為的懷疑或不肯定（用在疑問句中）。Canhehavegotthebook?might(may)+havedone：對過去發(fā)生的行為不太肯定的推測。Hemaynothavefinishedthework.Ifwehadtakentheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedearlier.must+havedone：對過去發(fā)生的行為肯定的推測。其否定式為：cannothavedone。Youmusthaveseenthefilm.Youcannothaveseenthefilm.needn’t+havedone：本來不必要做的而實際上又做了。Youneedn’thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.注意：didn’tneedto(haveto)do：沒有必要做而實際上也沒有做Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mysisterdidit2hoursago.should(oughtto)+havedone：本來應(yīng)該做而實際上又沒有做。其否定形式表示某中行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。Youshouldhavestartedearlier,butyoudidn’t.Sheshouldn’thavetakenawaymymeasuringtape,forIworkedtouseit.注意：Heshouldhavefinishedtheworkbynow.（表推測）虛擬語氣類別用法例句If引導的條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實相反從句動詞：過去式（be用were）主句動詞：should/would/could/might+doIfhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.與過去事實相反從句動詞：had+done主句動詞：should/would/could/might+have+doneIfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.與將來事實相反從句動詞：過去式/should+動詞原形/were+todo主句動詞：should/would/could/might+動詞原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.省略if的虛擬條件句將虛擬條件從句中的were，had,should放到主語之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝①Shouldhecome,tellhimtoringmeup.=2\*GB3②WereIyou,Iwouldnotdoit.=3\*GB3③HadIbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.混合虛擬條件句不同時間的虛擬：各遵守各的規(guī)則①Ifhehadlistenedtome,hewouldnotbeintroublenow.=2\*GB3②Ifhehadtoldmeyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.=3\*GB3③IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.虛擬與陳述的混合：各遵守各的規(guī)則①Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewasn’tcarefulenough.=2\*GB3②Youshouldhavecomeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.含蓄虛擬條件句butfor+名詞表示虛擬條件句子或主句中的謂語動詞的形式視具體情況而定。這是考查考生應(yīng)變能力的最佳試題。---Butforyourtimelywarning,we______intogreattrouble.---Youknowwe’refriends.A.wouldgetB.musthavegotC.wouldhavegotD.can’thavegotwithout+名詞虛擬條件Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun'sheat,theearthatnightwouldbefreezingcold.動詞不定式虛擬條件Itwouldbeonlypartlyrighttofollowinthisway.現(xiàn)在分詞表示虛擬條件Havingknownintime,wemighthavepreventedtheaccident.過去分詞表示虛擬條件Givenmoreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.副詞otherwise表示虛擬條件Iwastoobusyatthattime.Otherwise,Iwouldhavecalledyou.連詞but連接的句子表示虛擬條件He_____fatterbutheeatstoolittle.A.wouldbecomeB.wouldhavebecomeC.mustbecomeD.musthavebecome其它狀語從句asif/asthough引導的狀語從句中動詞用did或had＋done或would／could／might＋do。注意：asif/though引導從句中也可以用陳述語氣：當說話者認為所述的是真實的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實時：Itsoundsasifitisraining．聽起來像是在下雨。

Hetalksasifheisdrunk．從他談話的樣子來看他是醉了。①與現(xiàn)在事實相反Hetalksasifheknewwhereshewas．=2\*GB3②與過去事實相反HetalksaboutRomeasifhehadbeentherebefore.=3\*GB3③與將來事實相反Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.inorderthat/sothat引導的狀語從句中動詞用can/could/may/might/would等+doTurnonthelightsothatwecanseeitclearly.賓語從句demand,suggest,order,insist后接的從句中動詞為should+doHesuggestedthatwenotchangeourmind.wish后的從句中分別用過去式，過去完成式和should/would+do表示與現(xiàn)在，過去和將來情況相反IwishIcouldbeapopsinger.IwishIwouldhavegonetoShanghailastmonth.主語從句在Itisnecessary/important/strangethat…Itissuggested/demanded/ordered/requestedthat…等從句中，謂語動詞用should+doItisstrangethatsuchapersonshouldbeourfriends.其它句型中Itistimethat…句型中動詞用過去式或should+doIt’shightimethatweleft/shouldleave.wouldrather所接的從句中動詞用過去式或者過去完成式Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.Ifonly句型中動詞常用過去式或者過去完成式，表示強烈的愿望Ifonlyourdreamhadcometrue!1.Ienjoyedthemovieverymuch.IwishI_____thebookfromwhichitwasmade.

A.havereadB.hadreadC.shouldhavereadD.arereading

2.Youarelate.Ifyou_____afewminutesearlier,you_____him.

A.come;wouldmeetB.hadcome;wouldhavemet

C.come;willmeetD.hadcome;wouldmeet

3.Thetwostudentstalkedasifthey_____friendsforyears.

A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen

4.ItisimportantthatI_____withMr.Williamsimmediately.

A.speakB.spokeC.willspeakD.tospeak

5.Helookedasifhe_____illforalongtime.

A.wasB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeen

6.Ifthedoctorhadcomeearlier,thepoorchildwouldnot_____.

A.havelaidtherefortwohoursB.havebeenliedtherefortwohours

C.haveliedtherefortwohoursD.havelaintherefortwohours

7.IwishthatI_____withyoulastnight.

A.wentB.couldgoC.havegoneD.couldhavegone

8.Let’ssayyoucouldgothereagain,how_____feel?

A.willyouB.shouldyouC.wouldyouD.doyou

9.Ican’tstandhim.Healwaystalksasthoughhe_____everything.

A.knewB.knowsC.hasknownD.hadknown

10._____thefog,weshouldhavereachedourschool.

A.BecauseofB.InspiteofC.IncaseofD.Butfor

11.Ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance,I_____himattheairport.

A.wouldmeetB.wouldhadmetC.wouldhavemetD.wouldhavemeet

12.Mikecantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_____mehow.

A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteach

13.Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswerhaditbeenpossible,butI_____sobusythen.

A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.wouldbe

14.He’sworkinghardforfearthathe_____.

A.shouldfallbehindB.fellbehindC.mayfallbehindD.wouldfallenbehind

17.MyfatherdidnotgotoNewYork;thedoctorsuggestedthathe_____there.

A.notwentB.won’tgoC.notgoD.nottogo

20.Youlooksotiredtonight.Itistimeyou_____.

A.gotosleepB.wenttosleepC.gotobedD.wenttobed

23._____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.

A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.IfheleavesWDHp0J3。cqYUXKa。1.

Had

it

not

been

for

the

heavy

fog,

you

______________________________（就看到了美麗的塔）in

the

distance

easily

last

Tuesday.

(see)

BOKiaz9。PVXykns。2.

Were

____________________________（下雨）tomorrow,

the

meeting

would

be

put

off.

(rain)

Gs9zVHZ。jLv3tDW。3.

Which

doctor

______________________________

（你建議請來）immediately?

(suggest)

bPMuQDC。UuElgAq。4.

It___________________

(一定下著大雨)when

he

got

back

home,

for

he

was

wet

all

over.

(rain)

GGZXgZO。oApLdsw。5.

What

a

pity!We

____________________

(寧愿聽取)

our

teacher’s

advice

yesterday.

(would

rather)

vaiN1RW。6nOuyfG。6.

I_____________________________

(本想?yún)⒓?

your

party,

but

I

had

to

work

extra

hours

to

prepare87eIJzD。NjJImg4。

a

speech.

(would

like)

7.

With

a

little

more

care

you

___________________________(能避免)

this

traffic

accident.

(avoid)

7xPiRrJ。hVyrJQn。8.

When

the

police

took

the

suspect

to

the

police

station,

he

insisted

that

he_______________________________

(沒偷)

the

lady’s

purse

and

that

he___________________________

(釋放).

(steal,

set)

t7ji6HV。UjMYTUX。9.

How

I

wish

I

___________________________

(被錄取了)

the

key

university.

(admit).

hTwxxlz。re5o2Ws。10.

The

weather

turned

out

to

be

fine

yesterday,

I___________________________

(本不需要那么麻煩)

to

carry

my

umbrella

with

me.

(take)

V5qLrRB。6YWuXX3。11.

The

workers

in

the

factory

demanded

that

their

pay

____________________(提高20%).

(raise)

rvObOrS。B6sgtuw。12.

When

a

pencil

is

partly

in

a

glass

of

water,

it

looks

as

if

it

___________________

(斷了).

(break)

c8ryhW2。reYpZL3。13.Manycoalmineaccidents___________________________(本來可以避免的)ifwehadfollowedthestrictsafetyrules.(avoid)nm4dTXF。ZOHWumf。14.LookwhatmistakesI’vemade,IfonlyI___________________________(聽你的勸告).(follow)qLBcL3A。gXf2sFS。15.___________________________(萬一你被解雇),yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.(fire)gBET2SF。PPJxpQc。16.Luckilywe’dbroughtamapwithus,______________________(沒有它我們就會迷了路).(without)SW9nZs8。FGjaI55。17.Hewouldhavehelpedusbutthathe___________________________(沒時間)atthattime.wCUtiVN。0bxa5Y7。18.Thesuggestionthatthemayor___________________________(發(fā)獎)hasbeenacceptedbyeveryone.(present)9C2RI2Y。mcPcRoo。19.

It

is

high

time

that

we_______________________

(采取措施)

protect

the

environment.

(measure)

FgyIvWM。XYqsXDt。20.He______________________________helpyou(本來打算),buthehadnotime.(mean)seVCcrr。PdFffWf。21.Iftheweatherhadbeenmorefavorable,thecrop___________________(會長得更好)now.(grow)SaKXPHH。eRsGnzf。22.WhatIadviseisthat_________________________(你們要安靜)。(quiet)72dEY4o。MsCSfHW。Keys:1—5BBDAD6—10DDCAD11—15CDCAA16—20ACAAD21—23DBCMwDGO7E。2cnh7Zk。1.wouldhaveseenthebeautifultower2.ittorain3.doyousuggestbesentforMBdDkH5。cUopjxm。4.musthavebeenraining5.wouldratherhavetaken6.wouldliketohaveattended7.couldhaveavoidedIFwf5YN。zr78uxv。8.didn’tsteal,besetfree9.hadbeenadmittedto10.needn’thavetakenthetroubleAUAWom3。eY4lcWP。11.beraisedby20percent12.werebroken13．couldhavebeenavoided14.hadfollowedyouradviceHSqqgCp。BFhFk7a。15.Ifyoushouldbefired/Shouldyoubefired16.withoutwhichIwouldhavegotlostWdq9Cpl。AByXBPJ。17.hadnotime18.shouldpresenttheprize19.shouldtake/tookmeasures20.hadmeanttoVaJOslw。ps7DrX7。21.wouldbegrowingbetter22.youshouldbequiet語法填空：

I

would

rather

Tom___________(come)

tomorrow.

2.It

seems

as

if

it_____________(be)

winter

now.

5P1LCAk。kfCeelq。3.What

would

have

happened

if

you

______________(not

help)

her

child？

2eTIxCE。bCw9VoT。4.It

is

strange

that

he

_____________

(think)

so.

5.I

wish

I

____________(meet)

my

uncle

yesterday.

9UUyomQ。MeEC2gr。6.Galileo

insisted

that

the

earth______________(move)

the

sun.

wdNaoaJ。VB2lWxU。7.Supposing

the

weather

__________(be)

bad,

where

would

you

go?

PZYQyUD。zs6i0Ug。8.But

for

your

help,

I

couldn’t

_______(find)

the

place.

UpVg5N4。7m9wr8B。9.What

do

you

think

would

happened

if

there

__________(be)

no

light

in

the

day?

Zvwh6Jy。NPmculm。10.I

was

very

busy

yesterday,

otherwise

I

________(go)

to

the

party.

ACV1GSI。E2wZ8W4。11.Without

your

help

the

old

man_____(not

live)

now.

12.It

is

high

time

you________(take)

the

medicine

,sir.

vtlidYJ。DOmNpIN。13.IwishI____________________(attend)themeetingyesterday.14.IwishI__________________(can)fly.ldmYY4R。kaSW7kY。15.Hewishedhe___________________(notfall)inlovewithherbefore.D42cIft。Z1KYp8A。16.Iwouldratheryou_______________(paint)thewallgreennexttime.entQC6E。7bbWPrK。17.Iwouldrathershe_______________(notdo)that.oibyw6O。Z7nPXg5。18.IfonlyI______________(take)youradvice.19.IfonlyI________(be)abird!ZB1O7iU。15ASmQb。20.ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifI______(do)it.3XF87dB。h4tnqEP。21.Mymomsuggeststhatwe_____eatoutforachangethisweekend.b1ObY7e。icOAsgE。22.Don’thandlethevaseasifit______(be)madeofsteel.qCLZSBz。QoWiwC9。23.Ifhe______(follow)myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.enKKbBn。RGlMDwF。24.Wetookataxitothelecturehall.Otherwisewe______(be)lateforthemeeting.1hil8Tq。aKgrrBN。25.Ifwe______(book)atableearlier,wewouldn’tbestandinghereinaqueue.0E3hcvc。VXrQM5I。單句改錯：IfIwasyou,Iwouldrunfaster.IfIlivenearmyoffice,Iwouldwalktowork.Iknownothingaboutthefilm.IfIknewaboutit,Iwilltellyou.jIQ9OrP。4oELfDv。Ifsheworkedhardenough,shewouldhavepassedtheEnglishexam.5ifqRtw。YraFKOe。Ifitwerenotraintomorrow,theymightgototheGreatWall.GngAMzA。wg2lCDa。Ifitwerenotforthefactthatshecouldn’tsing,Iwouldinvitehertotheparty.l1LGjGr。bfJ0YQ9。Shouldtheweatherfine,wemightgoonatrip.Shewasverybusyyesterday,otherwiseshewouldcometothemeeting.Z7MtKCO。HskpLER。IwishIwasastallasyou.HowIwishIcanpayavisittoParis.HewishesthathestudiedFrenchinsteadJapaneseinthecollege.U58A9bU。jRqIsLe。12.Iwouldratheryoupaymenow.It’shightimethatwegotobed.LookatthetroubleIamin!IfonlyIfollowedyouradvice.TQqU0af。QyqRgNL。Ifyouaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.F6w86f9。ajRH7r5。Hewouldbeagoodsportsmannowifhetrainedregularly.Np5O6y3。BZnLQ7N。1.came2.were3.hadn’thelped4.shouldthink5.hadmet6.moves7.were8.havefoundDivxgYj。NC3gpjY。9.were10.wouldhavegone11.wouldn’tlives12.took13.hadattended14.couldeKBmVtY。4WaafRp。15.hadn’tfallen16.pointed17.hadn’tdone18.hadtaken19.were20.haddone21.should22.were23.hadfollowed24.wouldhavebeen25.hadbookedgk7mx69。xtkMvrq。was—were2.live—lived3.will—would4.she+had5.not+to6.couldn’tcan’tcjJHLEZ。gcLn37l。7.weather+be8.would+have9.was—were10.can—could11.instead—of8PNd80w。cod9es3。12.pay—paid13.go—went14.I+had15.you+had16.he+had4nXnFYM。tnhhk4r。1.

were

2.

could

walk

3.(should)

do

4.

ended

5.

It

6.

(should).take

7would

be

destroyed

8.

it

9.

is

taken

10.will

improve

11.would

become

1．Should

2．Can

3．can't

4．weren't

5．would

be

flying

6．couldn't

7．can

8．will

dCoVzsc。hd2XNh1。9．should

10．might

I

have

been

wishing

I

___1______

(be)

as

free

as

a

bird

flying

in

the

clean

sky.

However,

the

earth

is

in

a

little

danger

now!

People

suffer

more

from

the

natural

disasters,

pollution,

global

warming

and

so

on.

If

only

we

______2___

(can

walk)

in

the

c