從“環(huán)境換取增長”到“環(huán)境優(yōu)化增長”-環(huán)境與經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系的轉(zhuǎn)

企業(yè)在實施科學(xué)開展觀中的環(huán)保責(zé)任和開展機遇

Theresponsibilityinenvironmentalprotectionanddevelopmentopportunityforenterpriseduringimplementationofscientificdevelopmentoutlook

夏光ByXiaGuang國家環(huán)?？偩汁h(huán)境與經(jīng)濟(jì)政策研究中心主任，研究員ChiefdirectorandresearcherofStateEnvironmentalProtectionAdministrationofChina這次會議論題是如何使企業(yè)在環(huán)境保護(hù)和可持續(xù)開展方面發(fā)揮更加重要的作用。Thetopicofthismeetingishowtomakeenterpriseplaymoreimportantroleinenvironmentalprotectionandsustainabledevelopment.對企業(yè)在環(huán)境保護(hù)和國家可持續(xù)開展中的作用的一個認(rèn)識：企業(yè)的環(huán)境保護(hù)責(zé)任正在日益增加和日趨嚴(yán)格，企業(yè)的環(huán)境保護(hù)意識正在逐步喚起和提高，Understandingoftheroleofenterprisesinenvironmentalprotectionandsustainabledevelopment:enterpriseresponsibilityinenvironmentalprotectionisincreasinglystrongerwithmorerigidrequirement.Enterpriseawarenessofenvironmentalprotectionisbeinggraduallyarisenandenhanced.企業(yè)通過承擔(dān)環(huán)保責(zé)任而獲得的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益也在逐步顯現(xiàn)和增加，這樣一種良性循環(huán)的關(guān)系雖然艱難但確實在不斷擴(kuò)展，并且將在我國經(jīng)濟(jì)開展進(jìn)程中逐漸成為一種主流形態(tài)。Ontheotherhand,economicresultenterprisesisjusttheresultofenterprise’responsibilityinenvironmentalprotection,whichisbeingemergedstepbystepandincreased.Suchhealthyrelationship,inspiteofhardtoget,isactuallyspreading,expectedtobeshapedupamainstreamforminChina’seconomicdevelopmentprogress.一、企業(yè)在實踐科學(xué)開展觀中的環(huán)保責(zé)任

Theenvironmentalprotectionresponsibilityoftheenterpriseduringimplementingscientificdevelopmentoutlook我國當(dāng)前最重要的國家戰(zhàn)略之一是用科學(xué)開展觀統(tǒng)領(lǐng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會開展全局。OneofthemostimportantnationalstrategyofChinaistousescientificdevelopmentoutlooktoguildallthedevelopmentpatternofoureconomicsociety.這是我們說企業(yè)的環(huán)保責(zé)任正在不斷增加和嚴(yán)格的根本原因。thatisthefundamentalreasoninourwordstoexplainwhyenterpriseresponsibilityinenvironmentalprotectionkeepsbeingincreasedwithmorerigidrequirement.——第二次世界大戰(zhàn)之后，國際上形成了最初的開展觀思想。這時的開展觀具有明顯的物質(zhì)主義傾向，將開展局限于經(jīng)濟(jì)開展，將經(jīng)濟(jì)開展等同于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，最終將開展歸結(jié)于物質(zhì)的積累。AftertheWordWarII,theoriginalthinkingofdevelopmentoutlookwasinshapeintheworld.Atthattime,suchdevelopmentoutlookwasinclinedtobeapparentmaterialism,leadingtotheconclusionofmaterialaccumulation.——20世紀(jì)60年代，法國經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家佩魯發(fā)表了?新開展觀?一書，提出開展應(yīng)以人的價值、人的需要和人的潛力的發(fā)揮作為中心，旨在滿足人的根本需要，促進(jìn)生活質(zhì)量的提高和共同體每位成員的全面開展。突出了人力資本開發(fā)的決定性作用，這對于以往過分強調(diào)物質(zhì)資本作用是一個重大修正和進(jìn)步。In1960sof20century,aFrencheconomist,Perupublishedhiswork“NewDevelopmentOutlook〞.Inthisbookheputforwardthatdevelopmentissupposedtobecenteredonpeople’svalue,demandandpotential,aimingtosatisfypeople’sbasicdemand,promotingtoupgradelivingqualityandintegraldevelopmentofeachpeoplemember.Histheorystressesthedecisiveroleofdevelopinghumanresource,whichisagreatmodificationandprogresscontrastingtothetraditionalattentiontotherolethematerialcapital.——20世紀(jì)70年代，羅馬俱樂部提出?增長的極限?，提出“零增長觀〞。In1970sof20century,RomaClubcontributed“LimitofGrowth〞,puttingforwardtheviewpointof“ZeroGrowth〞——20世紀(jì)80年代，世界環(huán)境與開展委員會提出可持續(xù)開展，包含了人口、資源、能源、環(huán)境等綜合要素，是一個特定的環(huán)境相關(guān)的概念。In1980sof20century,WorldCommissionofEnvironmentandDevelopment(WCED)putforwardtheconceptofsustainabledevelopment,involvingthecomprehensiveelementssuchaspopulation,resource,energy,environment,etc,whichisaconceptespeciallyconcerningenvironment.

——黨的十六屆三中全會提出“堅持以人為本，樹立全面、協(xié)調(diào)、可持續(xù)的開展觀，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會和人的全面開展〞的科學(xué)開展觀。Duringthe16thplenarymeeting,3rdsessionofCPC,itwasproposedthescientificdevelopmentoutlookthat“insistonpeoplefirsttoerectthedevelopmentoutlookofallround,harmoniousandsustainabledevelopmenttopromoteallrounddevelopmentofeconomicsocietyandthepeople〞.科學(xué)開展觀的根本內(nèi)容，可以總體上歸為三點：Thebasicelementsofscientificdevelopmentoutlookcanbeoutlinedtobethreepointsasfollows:加快開展；toacceleratedevelopment;協(xié)調(diào)兼顧；tohaveharmoniousdevelopmentmodetouchingpossibleeverysides;以人為本。Peoplefirst科學(xué)開展觀強調(diào)執(zhí)政者〔或曰決策者〕的作用，是對各級決策者的要求?？茖W(xué)開展觀要求建立公共權(quán)威，建設(shè)法治社會。Thescientificdevelopmentoutlookattachesimportancetotheroleoftherulingparty(orpolicymaker),anrequirementtothepolicymakeratalllevels.Thescientificdevelopmentoutlookrequirestoestablishpublicauthorityandlaw-basedsociety.科學(xué)開展觀強調(diào)人的權(quán)利和責(zé)任，要求社會積極參與實踐科學(xué)開展觀?？茖W(xué)開展觀不是少數(shù)人的事業(yè)，而是全社會的事業(yè)。thescientificdevelopmentoutlookemphasizespeopl’srightandduty,requiringentiresocietytoactivelyparticipateinandpracticethescientificdevelopmentoutlook,becauseitisnotthethingofminorities,butacauseofentiresociety.企業(yè)作為經(jīng)濟(jì)開展主體，在實踐科學(xué)開展觀方面具有重要的作用：Enterprises,theprincipalentityineconomicdevelopment,isofsignificantfunctioninimplementingthescientificdevelopmentoutlook:一是具有高度的國情意識。First,equippedwiththeawarenessofnationalstatuswithstress.二是具有強烈的社會意識。Second,isofstrongsocialawareness.三是具有明確的法律意識Third,isofclearlawawareness二、企業(yè)在承擔(dān)環(huán)保責(zé)任中的開展機遇

II.Thedevelopmentopportunityfortheenterpriseintheresponsibilityofenvironmentalprotection科學(xué)開展觀的實施，標(biāo)志著全社會的重大轉(zhuǎn)變，這對全社會都產(chǎn)生了新的機遇。Theimplementationofscientificdevelopmentoutlookmarksthesocialupheaval,bringingnewopportunitytotheentiresociety.為什么說實踐科學(xué)開展觀對企業(yè)而言是開展機遇呢？Whywesayitanopportunityfortheenterprisetoimplementscientificdevelopmentoutlook?為什么說環(huán)境保護(hù)可以幫助企業(yè)實現(xiàn)新的效益呢？Whywesaythatenvironmentalprotectionisabletohelpourenterprisestorealizeneweconomicresult?一是科學(xué)開展觀將把我國經(jīng)濟(jì)開展與環(huán)境保護(hù)的關(guān)系引向一個新階段。Firstly,thescientificdevelopmentoutlookwillleadtherelationshipbetweenChina’seconomicgrowthandenvironmentalprotectiontoanewstage.我國到目前為止的工業(yè)化過程，可以大體認(rèn)為是“環(huán)境換取增長〞的階段，即客觀上是放棄了一局部環(huán)境質(zhì)量和環(huán)境福利來獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，極大改善了人民的生活，同時也出現(xiàn)了比較多和比較嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境問題。Sofar,China’sindustrializationcoursecanbegenerallyrecognizedasthestageof“Environmentsacrificedforeconomicgrowth〞.Thatmeansinobjectivestance,somepartsofenvironmentalqualityandwelfareareforcedtobesacrificedtopursueeconomicgrowth,whichhasgreatlyimprovedpeople’slivingstandlevel,howeverontheotherhand,leavingrathermoreandseriousproblemregardingenvironment.與時俱進(jìn)地認(rèn)識環(huán)境與經(jīng)濟(jì)的關(guān)系。走這樣一條道路，在當(dāng)時急于追趕世界開展水平，且當(dāng)時環(huán)境容量還有較大余地的情況下，是有一定客觀性的。Tounderstandthelatestrelationbetweenenvironmentandeconomy.Thatisaroadwithsomeobjectivestancethatwhenweareeagertorunaftertheinternationaladvancement,thethenenvironmentalcapacityisenough,evensufficient.但是，經(jīng)過較長一段時間后，這個階段就根本到頭了，這種開展范式不能繼續(xù)下去了，因為按照這樣的資源利用效率繼續(xù)搞下去，當(dāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)到達(dá)全面小康目標(biāo)的時候，我國的資源和環(huán)境的消耗將承受不起。However,aftersomelongtimespan,thisstagecanseeitslifeendbasically,anditwillnotbecontinuedfurther.Becauseifwewillcontinueourcurrentwayatthecurrentresourceutilizationrate,China’sresourcewillnotbesurvivedtofollowenergyconsumptionwhenoureconomicindexesreachesthetargetofall-roundwell-to-dosociety(Xiaokangsociety).

按現(xiàn)行名義匯率計算，2003年我國GDP約占世界的4%，但重要資源消耗占世界的比重卻很高，石油為7.4%、原煤為31%、鋼鐵為27%、氧化鋁為25%、水泥為40%。我國用水總量與美國相當(dāng)，但GDP僅為美國的1/8。Accordingtothecurrentofficialcurrencyexchangerate,Chinatookup4%in2003oftheentireworldGDPvolume,withhighratioofkeyenergyconsumptionoftheoneoftheworld.Thatisoiltakes7.4%,originalcoal31%,ironandsteel27%,alumina25%,cement40%.ChinatotalwaterconsumptionvolumeparalleltheoneofUS,however,ourGDPonlybeing1/8oftheoneofUS.我國環(huán)境問題目前，主要污染物排放量超過環(huán)境承載能力，流經(jīng)城市的河段普遍受到污染，許多城市空氣污染嚴(yán)重，酸雨污染加重，持久性有機污染物的危害開始顯現(xiàn)，土壤污染面積擴(kuò)大。污染物構(gòu)成日趨復(fù)雜，工業(yè)污染仍然突出，面源污染和生活污染比重上升，環(huán)境突發(fā)事故與隱患增多。生態(tài)惡化的趨勢尚未得到有效遏制，水土流失和沙化土地量大面廣，草原退化嚴(yán)重，森林生態(tài)功能缺乏，生物多樣性減少，遺傳資源流失，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能退化。由于環(huán)境污染和生態(tài)破壞引發(fā)的社會沖突日益增多。China’senvironmentalproblemsCurrently,themajorpollutantemissionismorethanwhatoursurroundingenvironmentcanstand.Generallyalltheriversrunningacrossurbanareaarepolluted.Theairofmanycitiesareinheavypollution.Acidrainisdeteriorated.Permanentorganicpollutioncrisisbeginstobefeltwithwidenedpollutedland.Thepollutantcomesfrommoresource,includingindustrialpollution,whichremainstheapparentphenomena,energypollutionandlifepollution.theratioofthelattertwopollutionaresoaring,leavingenvironmentaldisasterandhiddenproblemsincreased.Thetrendofdeterioratedecologyrefusestobesuspendedwithvastareaoflossofwaterandsoilandsandizaedland,seriousdegenerationofgrassland,lackofforestfunction,reducedwildcreaturediversity,lossofgeneticresource,anddegeneratedecologicalsystem.Therearisesmoreandmoresocialconflictdrivenbyenvironmentalpollutionanddestroyedecologicalsystem.我國經(jīng)濟(jì)快速開展過程中，資源消費量急劇增加，環(huán)境壓力越來越大，環(huán)境形勢仍然十分嚴(yán)峻。China’seconomyisinrapidgrowthtrailwithsoaringenergyconsumptionamount,castingmoreandmorepresuretotheenvironment,whichremainstofacegrimfuture.因此，必須在經(jīng)濟(jì)與環(huán)境的關(guān)系上有一個重大轉(zhuǎn)變。Tothisend,itisrequiredtohaveagreattransformationintheeconomy-environmentrelation.向何處轉(zhuǎn)變？Directionoftransformation

不能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤霸鲩L換取環(huán)境〞，因為開展是第一要務(wù)。Itisnotdesirabletotransformtothemodeof“sacrificingeconomygrowthforenvironmentquality〞,sinceeconomicdevelopmentremainsthefirstimportanttarget.只能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤碍h(huán)境優(yōu)化增長〞，用環(huán)保的方式實現(xiàn)增長，用環(huán)保的要求改善增長。Itcanonlybesurvivedbythemodeof“environmentoptimizingeconomicgrowth〞,meaningthateconomicgrowthwillbebasedonenvironmentalprotection,whichwillimprovetheeconomicgrowthquality.例證：汽車排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對汽車開展的推動：早期開始引進(jìn)汽車生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的時候，尾氣排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不是很高，這樣犧牲了一些空氣質(zhì)量，先把汽車開展起來，到現(xiàn)在，可以把尾氣排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提得比較高，限制那些技術(shù)落后的汽車生產(chǎn)，這樣就迫使汽車工業(yè)開展得到“優(yōu)化〞。Example:thestandardofautomobilegasemissionishelptodrivethedevelopmentofautomobileindustrydevelopment:asearlyaswestartedtointroducethetechnologyofhowtomanufactureautomobile,thestandardofgasemissionwasnothigh.Thestorywaswehadtosacrificesomegoodairqualitytodevelopourautomobileindustry.Buttoday,itisacceptabletoupgradetheautomobilegasemissionstandard,restrainingtheproductionofthosebackward-technologyvehicletoforcethesurvivalofautomobiletobe“optimized〞.國家力圖通過各種方式轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方式。環(huán)境保護(hù)是可選擇的重要手段Thegovernmentistanglingheadinanattempttotransformtheeconomicgrowthbyeverypossiblemeans.Andenvironmentalprotectionisaimportantmeasuretobetaken.由“環(huán)境換取增長〞到“環(huán)境優(yōu)化增長〞，這是一個重要的轉(zhuǎn)變，它說明環(huán)境保護(hù)與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長之間由一種此消彼長的替代關(guān)系，改變?yōu)橐环N相互促進(jìn)的互補關(guān)系。Itisasignificanttransformationfromthemodeof“sacrificingenvironmentforeconomicgrowth〞tothemodeof“environmentoptimizingeconomicgrowth〞.Thatindicatesthattherelationbetweenenvironmentalprotectionandeconomicgrowthhasbeenconvertedfrominter-replacementrelationtointer-complementandpromotionrelation.由“環(huán)境換取增長〞到“環(huán)境優(yōu)化增長〞的轉(zhuǎn)變，意味著環(huán)保由過去滯后于經(jīng)濟(jì)而轉(zhuǎn)到前置于經(jīng)濟(jì)的地位，這會帶來許多新的市場時機。Thetransformationfromthemode“sacrificingenvironmentforeconomicgrowth〞tothemodeof“environmentoptimizingeconomicgrowth〞meansthatthepositionofenvironmentalprotectionischangedfromthepastenvironmentalprotectionaftereconomicgrowthtotoday’senvironmentalprotectionpriortotheeconomicgrowth,whichwillbringmoremarketopportunity.例如，綠色產(chǎn)品將會獲得消費者的青睞；效率高排放少的生產(chǎn)設(shè)備將會得到政府的推薦；環(huán)保型的產(chǎn)品將可能列入政府“綠色采購〞清單；從事環(huán)保效勞的公司將會得到更多的定單；等等。forexample,thegreenproductwillbewelcomedbyourcustomers;thoseefficientwithlowwasteemissionwillberepresentedbyChinesegovernment;environmentfriendlyproductcanenterintothelistofgovernmentalpurchaseproject;companiesengagedinenvironmentalprotectionservicewillbegivenmorepurchasingorders;etc.為了落實科學(xué)開展觀，必然會提高環(huán)保法規(guī)的執(zhí)法力度，例如國家將公布落后生產(chǎn)工藝和設(shè)備淘汰名錄，對規(guī)模不經(jīng)濟(jì)、污染嚴(yán)重的企業(yè)或生產(chǎn)工藝實行強制淘汰，在重點行業(yè)實施廢水閉路循環(huán)。同時，將增加社會公眾對企業(yè)的環(huán)境監(jiān)督，增加政府環(huán)境保護(hù)公共開支，等，這都會大量產(chǎn)生對環(huán)保設(shè)備和技術(shù)以及治理業(yè)務(wù)的需求。Inordertoimplementthescientificdevelopmentoutlook,itisinevitabletointensifythelawenforcementpowerinlawsconcerningenvironmentalprotection.Forinstance,Chinawillreleasethenamelistofthosebackward-technologyproducingprocessandequipmenttobeeliminated.Wewillforcethoseexpensivescaleandheavypollutedenterprisesorproducingprocesstobeeliminatedbyintroducingsewageclosed-loopcirculationinsomekeyindustries.Ontheotherhand,publicsupervisiontoenterprisesfortheirenvironmentproblemwillbeincreasedandthegovernmentalexpendituretoenvironmentalprotectionwillbeincreased,andsoon.Allofthesewillbringthegreatdealofdemandforenvironmentalprotectionequipmentandtechnologyaswellaspollutiontreatmentbusiness.二是實踐科學(xué)開展觀將推動循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)的開展II.Implementationofthescientificdevelopmentoutlookwilldrivethedevelopmentofrecycledeconomy.循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)是為了改變“大量生產(chǎn)、大量消費、大量廢棄〞的傳統(tǒng)社會經(jīng)濟(jì)開展模式而開展起來的新型經(jīng)濟(jì)開展方式。Recycledeconomyisanewlydevelopedeconomicgrowthmode,whichisbasedthepurposeofchangingtheoldeconomicdevelopmentmodeintraditionalsociety,namely“l(fā)argeamountofproduction,largeamountofconsumptionandlargeamountofdiscardedgoods〞.其主要含義是資源利用實行“減量化、再利用、再循環(huán)和無害化〞，將“資源-產(chǎn)品-廢物〞這一傳統(tǒng)的線性物流模式改造為“資源-產(chǎn)品-再生資源〞的物質(zhì)循環(huán)模式，充分提高資源利用效率。Themajorsignificanceherebyistokeeptheresourceutilizationinthetrailof“reducedproductionamount,re-utilization,recycleandnonharmfulization〞,translatingthetraditionallinerstylelogisticsmodelike“resource-product-wastedgarbage〞intothematerialrecycledmodelike“resource-product-recycledresource〞,fullyenhancetheefficiencyinresourceutilization.我國當(dāng)前推行循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)的重點領(lǐng)域是：CurrentlyChina’skeyfieldstopromotetherecycledeconomyare:〔1〕生態(tài)工業(yè)；ecologicalindustry;〔2〕生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)；ecologicalagriculture;〔3〕廢舊資源回收再利用及無害化處置產(chǎn)業(yè)；Recyclingofoldandwastedresourceandnon-harmfultreatmentindustry〔4〕綠色效勞業(yè)。Greenproductserviceindustry三、案例：生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任延伸制度

IIICase:systemofextendedmanufacturer’sresponsibility生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任延伸，是指企業(yè)要對產(chǎn)品消費后的最終處理和處置承擔(dān)責(zé)任，即企業(yè)的責(zé)任從生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域“延伸〞到消費領(lǐng)域。Theextendedmanufacturer’sresponsibilityreferstothattheenterprisewilltaketheresponsibilityforfinallyhowtotreattheusedproduct.Thatmeansenterpriseresponsibilityhasbeen“extended〞fromproductionfieldtoconsumptionfield.過去，人們一般認(rèn)為產(chǎn)品賣給消費者后，企業(yè)的任務(wù)就完成了，至于產(chǎn)品消費完畢后如何處置，誰來處理，不關(guān)企業(yè)的事，應(yīng)是消費者的事。而現(xiàn)在，對某些特定的行業(yè)或特定的產(chǎn)品，法律規(guī)定應(yīng)由生產(chǎn)者來承擔(dān)處置處理的責(zé)任。Inthepast,peopleusedtoadmitthatoncetheitsproducthasbeensalttocustomersthemanufacturerwillendhertarget.Forthemattersofhowtodealwiththeusedproduct,andwhotodealwithit,itwillbebeyondtheresponsibilityscopeofthemanufacturer,onlythebusinessoftheuseritsown.Buttoday,forsomespecialindustryorspecialproduct,itisstipulatedbythelawthatthemanufacturershouldcontinuetoberesponsiblefordealingwiththeusedproduct.例如，瑞典的法律規(guī)定，所有生產(chǎn)、進(jìn)口包裝和包裝產(chǎn)品，以及銷售產(chǎn)品的企業(yè)都有對包裝進(jìn)行回收利用的義務(wù)。Forinstance,Swedenlawstipulatesthatalltheenterprisesengagedinproducing,importingpackageorpackagingproductaswellaspackagingproductdistributorshavetheobligationtorecycleandreusetheirpackage.自推行“生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任延伸制〞以來，瑞典在包裝的回收利用方面取得了顯著的效果。在1994年剛實行“生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任延伸制〞時，被回收再利用的包裝僅為25萬噸。Sincethe“SystemofExtendedManufacturer’sResponsibility〞(SEMR)ispromoted,Swedehaswitnessedremarkableeffectinrecyclingandreusingpackages.In1994,whentheSEMRwasfirstlyadopted,therecycledpackageswasonly250thousandton.2002年對各類包裝材料的平均回收利用率到達(dá)了65%，超過66萬噸，這就意味著有大量原來燃燒或填埋方式處理的廢棄包裝材料現(xiàn)在被循環(huán)利用了。However,in2002,thefigureofaverageofrecycledvarioussortsofpackagingmaterialhit65%,over660thousandton.Thatmeansagreatnumberofwastedpackagematerial,whichusedtobeburntorburied,hasbeenrecycledforre-utilization.此外，“生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任延伸制〞的實行還促進(jìn)了一批新型廢棄包裝回收利用企業(yè)的誕生。Inaddition,implementationofSEMRalsopromotesthebirthofabatchofnewenterpriseswhichareengagedinrecyclingdiscardedpackages.現(xiàn)在，瑞典每年甚至需要進(jìn)口約14.5萬噸的包裝垃圾才能滿足這些企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)需求。Today,Swedenhastoimportabout145thousandpackagerubbisheveryyeartosatisfytheirmanufacturer'sdemandforproduction.經(jīng)過評估，即使算上增加的汽車運輸所引起的能源消耗和環(huán)境污染，“生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任延伸制〞大大減少了原來通過燃燒和填埋給環(huán)境帶來的負(fù)擔(dān)以及所需消耗的能源。Afterassessment,evenplustheconsumedenergyandenvironmentpollutionarisingfromtheincreaseofvehicletransportvolume,theSEMRwilllargelyreducetheburdentotheenvironmentbyburningandburyingaswellastheenergyconsumptionrequired.現(xiàn)在，“生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任延伸制〞涉及的廢棄物處理范圍已從最初的產(chǎn)品包裝擴(kuò)大到廢紙、廢輪胎、報廢汽車和廢電子電器產(chǎn)品。Today,thediscardedgoodsscopeunderSEMRhasbeenwidenedfromoriginalproductpackagestodiscardedpaper,tyre,wastedvehiclesandelectronicproducts.辦公用紙、農(nóng)業(yè)塑料和廢舊電池等的“生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任延伸制〞也從2002年開始試行。據(jù)了解，瑞典政府將逐步把“生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任制〞推廣到更廣泛的廢棄物領(lǐng)域。SEMRinofficepaperconsumption,farmingwastedplasticsandusedbatterieswasinpilotsince2002.ItislearntthatSwedengovernmentwillspreadtheSEMRstepbysteptowiderfieldofdiscardedgoods.確實，生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任延伸制度使企業(yè)增加了責(zé)任，但這是為了公共利益而應(yīng)該承擔(dān)的義務(wù)。ItisadmittedthatSEMRlevymoreresponsibilityintheenterprise,whichisviewedasdueobligationtothepubliccommoninterest.我國目前還沒有法律規(guī)定實行生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任延伸制度，但有關(guān)法律已在研究之中。為了落實科學(xué)開展觀，企業(yè)應(yīng)該樹立這樣的責(zé)任意識，而且通過適當(dāng)?shù)慕?jīng)營，承擔(dān)這種責(zé)任也可能成為企業(yè)一個新的贏利點。Today,ChinahasnoanylawtosupporttheSEMR,stillunderthestudyofsomelawsconcerned.Inordertoimplementthescientificdevelopmentoutlook,enterprisesaresupposedtoerectsuchawarenessasSEMR.Inaddition,ifbyproperbusinessoperationalway,toundergoSEMRmaybecouldbecomeanewspottoearnmoney.我國從上世紀(jì)五十年代開始就建立了普及城鄉(xiāng)的廢舊物質(zhì)回收系統(tǒng)，“廢舊物質(zhì)可以賣錢〞的觀念深入人心。Since1990oflastcentury,Chinahasestablishedtherecycleddiscardedgoodssystemacrosscitiesandcountryside.Tothisend,theconceptof“theusedproductscanbesaltformoney〞hasbeendeeplyrootedinpeople’sheart.每年通過廢舊物質(zhì)回收所產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和就業(yè)時機都十分可觀?？梢哉f，資源回收再利用是中華民族節(jié)儉風(fēng)氣的一種具體表達(dá)。Everyyear,thedirecteconomicresultandemploymentopportunityarisingfromrecyclingoldanddiscardedproducts