仁愛英語七年級下冊語法講解一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時及一般過去時課件

在英語中，不同時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)要用不同的動詞形式來表現(xiàn)。每種時態(tài)的概念、信息詞、結(jié)構(gòu)、句式變化、以及某些時態(tài)間的相互區(qū)別重點掌握時態(tài)Tense1第1頁/共32頁動詞的類別（根據(jù)其在句中的功能）①Be動詞

am、is、are/was、were2第2頁/共32頁②助動詞（只能和主要動詞一起構(gòu)成各種時態(tài)，語態(tài)和語氣等動詞形式。）

do、does/did/done③情態(tài)動詞（表示能力，義務(wù)，必要，猜測等說話人的語氣或情態(tài)。情態(tài)動詞只能和動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語動詞。）

can、may、could、need、must、shoud④系動詞（后跟形容詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)）look、taste、smell、feel、get、become⑤實義動詞（行為）動詞（有完整的詞義，并能單獨作謂語）buy,

catch,

invent,agree,

go,

work,

listen,及物動詞后面必須跟賓語found,

like,及物動詞后面必須跟賓語look,

come,

die,時態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作一般現(xiàn)在時：經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。一般過去時：過去某個時間或時間段發(fā)3第3頁/共32頁生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。(The

PresentContinuous

Tense)(The

SimplePresentTense)(The

SimplePast

Tense)一般現(xiàn)在時表常常發(fā)生的動作或經(jīng)常存在的狀態(tài),常和always,often,usually,

every

day,sometimes等表示時間的狀語連用.4第4頁/共32頁e.g.I

go

to

school

every

day.He

is

always

like

that.Where

do

you

live?What

do

you

do

here?一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成形式有:肯定句,疑問句,否定句,疑問否定式一般現(xiàn)在時肯定句否定句疑問句Iamaworker.I

amnot

aworker.Are

you

aworker?He/She/It

is

aworker.He(She,

It)

is

not

aworker.Is

he(she,

it)aworker?We

areworkers.We

are

notworkers.Are

weworkers?You

are

worker.You

are

notworker.Are

you

worker?They

areworkers.They

are

notworkers.Are

they

workers?5第5頁/共32頁肯定句否定句疑問句I

work.I

do

notwork.Do

I

work?He(She,

It)works.He(She,

It)

does

notwork.Does

he(she,

it)work?We

work.We

do

notwork.Do

wework?You

work.You

do

notwork.Do

youwork?They

work.They

do

not

work.Do

they

work?6第6頁/共32頁動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成：①直接加-s.play—plays，

want—wants，

know—knows，help—helps②以s,x,ch,sh,o結(jié)尾加-es.guess—guesses

teach—teaches

brush—brushes，

go—goes，

do—does，

watch—watches③以“輔音+y“結(jié)尾變y為i再加-es.study—studies，

carry—carries，

fly—flies，worry—worries7第7頁/共32頁現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)表示正在進(jìn)行的動作,可和now,look,listen,at

present,at

this

moment,these

days等時間詞連用.e.g.

What

are

you

doing

now,John?Where

are

you

doing?The

telephone

is

ringing,

would

you

answer

it?I’m

not

doing

anything

atpresent.He

is

writing

a

novel

these

days.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成形式有:肯定句,疑問句,否定句,疑問否定式8第8頁/共32頁現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時肯定句疑問句否定句I

amworking.Am

I

working?I

am

not

working.He(She,

It)

isworking.Is

he(she,

it)working?He(She,

It)

is

notworking?We

are

working.Are

weworking?We

are

notworking.You

areworking.Are

you

working?You

are

notworking?They

are

working?Are

they

working?They

are

notworking.9第9頁/共32頁現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：①直接加-ing.sleep---sleepingspeak---speakingstudy---studyingsay---saying②重讀“輔元輔”結(jié)構(gòu)，雙寫尾字母加-ing.stop---stoppingrun---runningsit---sittingforget---forgetting③以e

結(jié)尾去e加-ing.make---makingtake---takingcome---cominghave---having④以ie結(jié)尾的動詞，把ie改為y

，再加ingdie---dying

lie---lying10第10頁/共32頁定義:表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常和表示過去的時間狀語(如yesterday,last

night,

in

1990,

two

days

ago...)連用;也表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作,常和表示頻度的時間狀語(如often,always…)連用。11第11頁/共32頁一般過去時e.g.

My

father

was

at

work

yesterday

afternoon.He

always

went

to

work

by

bus

lastyear.I

was

born

in1990.What

did

you

do

yesterday?They

were

in

Beijing

a

week

ago.I

played

football

last

night.12第12頁/共32頁2.句子構(gòu)成:“主語+動詞的過去式+其他”;1)

系動詞be的過去時:

am(

is)

→wasare

→

were陳述句:主語+be動詞的過去式+其他否定句:主語+be動詞的過去式+not+其他疑問句:be動詞的過去式+主語+其他?13第13頁/共32頁eg：14第14頁/共32頁Mike

was

in

the

United

States

last

year.Mike

was

not

(wasn’t)

in

the

United

States

last

year.--Was

Mike

in

the

United

states?--Yes,

he

was./

No,

he

wasn’t.They

were

at

home

yesterday.注意:帶有be動詞的過去時的句子,一定要看清主語再正確選擇用was還是were.2)行為動詞的一般過去時:陳述句:主語+動詞過去式+其它I

go

to

the

movie.

→I

went

to

the

movie.否定句:主語+助動詞didn’t+動詞原形+其它I

don’t

go

to

school

today.→I

didn’t

go

to

school.一般疑問句:Did+主語+動詞原形+其它Do

you

have

breakfast?→Did

you

have

breakfast?15第15頁/共32頁我們在一般現(xiàn)在時中學(xué)過:當(dāng)謂語動詞為行為動詞時,在句子變成疑問句或否定句時,我們必須加上助動詞do或does,而在過去時中,16第16頁/共32頁我們借助did這個詞來完成。e.g.

He

played

football

yesterday.He

didn’

t

play

football

yesterday.--Did

he

play

football

yesterday?--Yes,

he

did./

No,

he

didn’

t

.注意:在否定句或者疑問句中,有了助動詞did后,行為動詞要還原,不能再寫成過去式.2.

規(guī)則動詞過去時的變化規(guī)則17第17頁/共32頁構(gòu)成方法原形過去式一般情況在動詞原形后加-edwantanswerwantedanswered以字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，只加-dmovediemoveddied以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動詞把y

改為i,再加-ed，carrycrycarriedcried以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加-edstopplanstoppedplannedam,

is—wasgo—wenthave—hadtake—tookeat—ateget—gotsleep—sleptwrite—wrote18第18頁/共32頁動詞過去式的不規(guī)則變化are—weredo—didcome—camesay—saidsee—sawput—putgive—gaveread—read/red/各時態(tài)常用的信息詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：一般現(xiàn)在時:一般過去時:now

,

Look!

Listen! at

this

timeWhere

is

…? Don’t

talk!

It’s8:00am.always

,

usually,

often,

sometimes,seldom,never,

every

day,

every…

,three

times

adaylast

night,

last…,

two

days

ago,…ago,in

1999,in+過去的年份,just

now=a

moment

ago,19yeste第r1d9a頁y/共,32頁yesterdaymorning判斷下列信息詞是屬于哪種時態(tài)last

nightnoweverydayLook!yesterdayoftenListen!two

years

agoalwaysin

1897three

times

aweek一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時第20頁/共32頁20先（一般疑問句）再（否定句）1.

He

is

a

teacher.Is

he

a

teacher?He

isn’t

ateacher.Kangkang

comes

from

China. Does

Kangkang

come

from China?IuDKsuaoanlylgyoktuaaknuegstuhdeaolbleyusstnato’kt

wecootrhmke.ebfurosmto

Cwhoirnka?.I

don’t

usuallytake

the

bus

to4.Thewyoarrke.havingclasses.Are

they

having

classes?They

aren’t

having

classes.5.Jane

played

the

guitar

last

night.Did

Jane

play

the

guitar

last

night?Jane

didn’t

play

the

guitar

last

night.句型變化操練第21頁/共32頁21use-get-現(xiàn)在分詞第三人稱單數(shù)過去式have

-havinglook

-

lookingbegin-beginningusingshop-shoppinggettingdanced-

ancingstudy-studyingstudy-studiesfinish-finisheshave-

hasgo-

goesdo-

doesplay-

playswatchw-

atchesgive-

givesneed-

neededstop-stoppedhope-hopedplay-

playedtry-

triedplan-

plannedvisit-

visitedlike-

liked22第22頁/共32頁用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。now.23第23頁/共32頁4.OldBush

(visit)

China

again

last

month.afternoon.8.Ourclass

(

go)

to

the

zoo

three

days

ago.Listen!

Mary

is

singing

(

sing)

now.A

young

manis

running

(run)

on

theplaygroundwatches3.

My

mothervisited

(watch)

TV

play

everyday.playI

(play)

sportasrethrreeaeditnimg

es

a

day.Look!LwuacsyandLily

(read)

books.7.There

went

(is)

a

football

match

yesterdayLet’s

correct:goesdon’tlikes3.

They playing

games.watchshas6.

Whatdo

they onSunday?7.

Tonygoes always

to

school

at

eighto’clock.t

t8.Wha hey

eat

in

the

party?haves9.Lily lunch

atschool.givesI

go

to

school

at

six

every

day.Hedoesn’tlike

playing

football.likeDamingwatches

TV in

the

evening.Does

he

usuallyhavea

party?dohas10.

What

do

his

parents

usually

give

him

?24第24頁/共32頁do時態(tài)大比拼She

got

up

at

seven

o'

clock

yesterday.（用

now改寫）She

is

getting

up

now

.（用

every

day改寫）She

gets

up

at

seven

o'

clock

every

day.25第25頁/共32頁時態(tài)大比拼26第26頁/共32頁Look！

Tom

is

cleaning

his

room.（用on

weekends改寫）Tom

cleans

his

room

on

weekends.（用two

hours

ago改寫）Tom

cleaned

his

room

two

hours

ago.I