測量平差技術(shù)報告

...wd......wd......wd...測量平差課程設(shè)計實習(xí)報告姓名：鄒建鑫學(xué)號：631101040124班級：測繪2011級1班指導(dǎo)教師：曹智翔2013/7/4控制網(wǎng)概況及測量數(shù)據(jù)的整理和檢驗我們的測區(qū)包括學(xué)校的德園小區(qū)、A01教學(xué)樓、B01教學(xué)樓、食堂和學(xué)生活動中心，控制點根本都在學(xué)校的公路邊上，測區(qū)整體來說比擬平整，自南向北整體是一個上升的緩坡的區(qū)域，在測區(qū)中主要是樓房和綠化帶，在整個外業(yè)過程中根本都是35度以上高溫天氣。在測區(qū)中兩個控制點〔B,C〕的坐標(biāo)，其標(biāo)石保存完好。〔一〕、光電測距導(dǎo)線的主要技術(shù)要求：等級閉合或符合導(dǎo)線全長〔km〕平均邊長〔m〕測距中誤差〔mm〕測角中誤差〔″〕全長相對閉合差二級2．4200≤±15≤±8≤1/10000測距中誤差計算：測距單位權(quán)中誤差：——單位權(quán)中誤差；——各邊往、返測距離較差；——測距的邊數(shù)；——各邊距離測量的先驗權(quán)；——測距先驗中誤差，根據(jù)測距儀的標(biāo)稱精度估算。 任一邊的實測距離中誤差估值：注：索佳SET510全站儀測距標(biāo)稱精度為±〔2+2PPM〕，因距離較短，影響測距精度的主要是固定誤差，故可以認(rèn)為各邊為等精度觀測，即可取均為1，求出的單位權(quán)中誤差可視為各邊的測距中誤差。測角中誤差的計算：——符合導(dǎo)線或閉合導(dǎo)線環(huán)的方位角閉合差；——計算時的測站數(shù)；N——的個數(shù)。如控制為單一的閉合或符合導(dǎo)線，N為1。〔二〕、水準(zhǔn)測量的主要技術(shù)要求：等級每千米高差全中誤差〔mm〕閉合差〔mm〕往返各一次二等≤±2≤ 平差前計算每千米水準(zhǔn)測量高差全中誤差：——高差全中誤差〔mm〕； W——閉合差；L——計算W時，相應(yīng)的路線長度〔KM〕； N——符合路線或閉合路線環(huán)的個數(shù)。 假設(shè)進展往返觀測，計算每千米水準(zhǔn)測量的高差偶然中誤差：——高差偶然中誤差〔ｍｍ〕；——水準(zhǔn)路線往、返高差不符值〔ｍｍ〕；L——水準(zhǔn)路線的測段長度； n——往、返測的水準(zhǔn)路線測段數(shù)。 〔二等要求〕以下列圖為控制網(wǎng)簡圖測量數(shù)據(jù)如下：角度(°'")∠BCD=1662950，∠CDE=167217，∠DEF=854022∠EFG=1562437，∠FGH=144621，∠GHI=1521432∠HIA=195569，∠IAB=1012616，∠ABC=903936∠DECH5=1004143，∠ECH5CH4=82249，∠CH5CH4CH3=16400∠CH4CH3CH2=1643213，∠CH3CH2CH1=1724410，∠CH2CH1B=89430∠CH1BC=99272，∠BCD=1933010，∠CDE=1925744距離〔m〕CD=170.617ECH5=136.333DE=161.181CH5CH4=171.754EF=108.361CH4CH3=189.328FG=111.698CH3CH2=121.741GH=124.967CH2CH1=218.272HI=151.589CH1B=88.261IA=174.935AB=161.473BC=263.584水準(zhǔn)測量數(shù)據(jù)記錄測站目標(biāo)點前視讀數(shù)后視讀數(shù)高差1A1.192-0.562B1.7541.802 21.435C0.3673.38332.96D0.4232.83742.072E0.7651.92551.336F0.5590.7496-0.187G0.9360.0807-3.756H-3.6760.3188-2.576I2.8941.06792.962.072-3.-0.719A1.786表格二測站目標(biāo)點前視讀數(shù)后視讀數(shù)高程1E1.6980.471CH51.2180.841 2-4.86CH45.7011.0643-0.356CH31.4261.0744-0.907CH21.9810.8685-1.226CH1-2.094 1.3960.423B0.973水準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)、導(dǎo)線網(wǎng)的條件平差及間接平差水準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)條件平差如圖為路線號B,C兩點高程H=385.2968、H=386.7212系數(shù)矩陣常數(shù)陣l=-7.6-1.4協(xié)因數(shù)陣Q為單位陣所以所以聯(lián)系數(shù)k1=0.967；k2=-0.067所以V=Q*A*K=[-0.9667-0.9000-0.9000-0.9667-0.9667-0.9667-0.9667-0.96670.06670.06670.06670.06670.06670.0667]mm；所以水準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)間接平差設(shè)D、F、G、H、I、A、CH5、CH4、CH3、CH2、CH1點高程、、、、、、、、、、、作為參數(shù)取所以得到誤差方程，其系數(shù)矩陣常數(shù)矩陣權(quán)陣P為單位陣所以所以所以各點高程中誤差：導(dǎo)線網(wǎng)條件平差下表為各點的近似坐標(biāo)，各邊的方位角、方位角的正余弦及各邊的長度點號觀測角改正角方位角距離cosa改正后之增量坐標(biāo)值ΔxΔyB174352sina+-+-xyC1662950031142170.6170.8551145.9388.47153384.691039397.0260D16721700.518553530.62139485.530441145161.1810.7170115.604112.361E85402200.697153646.22439597.9251383123108.361-0.749281.22971.77F156243700.662353565.08039669.728162646111.698-0.9517106.34234.307G14462100.307153458.82439704.069198025124.967-0.9510118.88938.631H15214320-0.309153340.02139665.4662254553151.589-0.6976105.749108.611I1955690-0.716553234.31439556.8882094944174.935-0.8675151.75987.015A10126160-0.497453082.59839469.9062882328161.4730.315550.945153.226B9039360-0.948953133.58639316.713174352263.5840.9525251.06380.275C166295000.304653384.691039397.0260第一個閉合環(huán)第二個閉合環(huán)點號觀測角改正角方位角距離cosa改正后之增量坐標(biāo)值ΔxΔyB174352sina+-+-xyC19330831140170.6170.8551145.88888.46953384.691039397.0260D19257420.518553530.56839485.520441142161.1810.7170115.562112.360E10041420.697153646.11939597.9053245324136.3330.8180111.52778.412CH582248-0.575153757.63539519.5182271732171.754-0.6783116.494126.209CH41645958-0.734853641.13039393.3342111730189.328-0.8545161.78798.336CH31643213-0.519453479.33239295.0231954943121.741-0.9621117.12533.206CH2172449-0.272853362.19639261.8421883352218.272-0.9888215.83832.505CH1894259-0.148953146.34739229.36298165188.258-0.144012.71187.338B992710.989653133.62539316.725174352263.60.9525251.07880.279C19330100.304653384.691039397.0260因為n=32，t=24，故r=8，可列出八個條件方程，其系數(shù)矩陣A為8*32的矩陣A=接上表改正數(shù)依次為常數(shù)矩陣為協(xié)因數(shù)陣Q=接上由此可計算的所以可以組成法方程解得所以計算的改正數(shù)1111111〔四〕導(dǎo)線網(wǎng)間接平差〔四〕導(dǎo)線網(wǎng)間接平差坐標(biāo)方位角改正數(shù)方程的系數(shù)計算表〔第一個閉合環(huán)〕點號近似坐標(biāo)近似邊長S°〔m〕S-S°(mm)a〔"/mm〕b〔"/mm〕BxyC53384.691039397.0260170.6710.85510.5185-540.6266-1.0334D53530.62139485.530161.2350.71700.6971-540.8918-0.9172E53646.22439597.925108.351-0.74920.6623101.26081.4262F53565.08039669.728111.668-0.95170.3071300.56731.7579G53458.82439704.069124.917-0.9510-0.309150-0.51041.5703H53340.02139665.466151.536-0.6976-0.716553-0.97530.9495I53234.31439556.888174.882-0.8675-0.497453-0.58671.0232A53082.59839469.906161.4550.3155-0.948918-1.2123-0.4031B53133.58639316.713263.6360.95250.3046-520.2383-0.7452C53384.691039397.0260坐標(biāo)方位角改正數(shù)方程的系數(shù)計算表〔第二個閉合環(huán)〕點號坐標(biāo)值近似邊長S°〔m〕S-S°(mm)a〔"/mm〕b〔"/mm〕BxyC53384.691039397.0260170.62030.85510.5185-30.6268-1.0337D53530.56839485.520161.19060.71700.6971-100.8920-0.9175E53646.11939597.905136.30970.8180-0.575123-0.8703-1.2378CH553757.63539519.518171.7435-0.6783-0.734811-0.88250.8146CH453641.13039393.334189.3242-0.8545-0.51944-0.56590.9310CH353479.33239295.023121.7449-0.9621-0.2728-4-0.46221.6300CH253362.19639261.842218.279-0.9888-0.1489-7-0.14070.9344CH153146.34739229.36288.28444-0.14400.9896-262.31210.3364B53133.62539316.725263.5950.95250.304650.2384-0.7453C53384.691039397.0260由題意，選取A、D、E、F、G、H、I、CH1、CH2、CH3、CH4、CH5等12個點坐標(biāo)，，，，，，，，，，，作為參數(shù)。根據(jù)以上數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)合以下公式列出了30個條件方程誤差方程系數(shù)計算表一方向ΔyΔxS^2xayaxbybCD-88.494-145.87729111.28762.702-115.80689.218-91.732DE-112.385-115,55125982.422-89.21891.73287.021123.799ECH578.387-111.51618580870.20961237.9897-870.21-1237.99CH5CH4126.184116.50529496.0015-882.402814.717882.402-814.717CH4CH398.311161.79835843.577-565.739931.081565.739-931.081CH3CH233.181117.13614821.845-461.7561630.098461.756-1630.1CH2CH132.48215.84947645.7218140.611934.441140.6105-934.441CH1B-87.36312.7227794.06466-2312.01-336.6797BC-80.301-251.06669484.96CD-88.504-145.9329128.5902626.713-1033.358DE-112.395-115.60325996.7252-891.772917.22525891.772-917.225EF-71.80381.14411739.9392-1261.54-1425.661261.5441425.661FG-34.341106.25612469.7422-568.043-1757.606568.0431757.606GH38.603118.80315604.2569510.2741-1570.398-510.2741570.398HI108.578105.70722963.1593975.2944-949.5059-975.294949.506IA86.982151.71630583.7139-586.6311023.215586.6306-1023.21AB153.193-50.988260681212.151403.44636誤差方程系數(shù)計算表二方向ΔyΔxSabECH578.387-111.516136.310.81810579-0.5750642CH5CH4126.184116.505171.744-0.6783643-0.7347214CH4CH398.311161.798189.324-0.854609-0.5192738CH3CH233.181117.136121.745-0.9621422-0.2725451CH2CH132.48215.849218.279-0.9888675-0.1488004CH1B-87.36312.72288.284-0.14410310.98956776BC-80.301-251.066263.60.952450680.30463202CD-88.504-145.93170.6710.855036880.51856496DE-112.395-115.603161.2350.716984530.6970881EF-71.80381.144108.351-0.74889940.66268885FG-34.341106.256111.668-0.95153490.30752767GH38.603118.803124.917-0.9510555-0.3090292HI108.578105.707151.536-0.6975702-0.7165162IA86.982151.716174.882-0.8675335-0.4973754AB153.193-50.988161.4550.31580316-0.9488278以下為條件方程的系數(shù)矩陣B常數(shù)項矩陣*10^6由公式通過計算得=3"所以于是計算的到各點坐標(biāo)的平差值A(chǔ)53082.599239469.9025D53530.621939485.5305E53646.229239597.9297F53565.044639669.7687G53458.79539704.1076H53339.987839665.5033I53234.318639556.8865CH153146.347539229.3588CH253362.199939261.8383CH353479.333939295.0187CH453641.119539393.3222CH553757.639939519.5229=6.3"由得點號QxxQyyQxy點號QxxQyyQxyA8.91041.43521.3397I3.08975.5183-0.9831D2.13322.73551.4508CH12.62463.6481-1.7729E2.37739.9624-2.5124CH22.93145.82041.1765F4.59252.97111.2885CH32.66366.3074-1.3169G6.38476.54844.7776CH47.60982.00660.6598H2.88134.08142.9558CH58.32123.6493-0.4061點號EF點號EFA6.62．4I6．62．9D9．26.1CH13．41．7E8.45．2CH23．82．4F5.32．3CH34．02．3G7.53．2CH44.22．1H6．73.3CH57.84．5誤差橢圓的繪制圖技術(shù)總結(jié)：高程網(wǎng)的技術(shù)鑒定實習(xí)高程測量為單向觀測，每個測站為2個測回，兩個閉合環(huán)的閉合差分別為W1=2mm,W2=9mm;對應(yīng)的路線長分別為S1=1.428km,S2=1.521km;根據(jù)技術(shù)要求閉合差W0≤,不滿足要求平面控制網(wǎng)的技術(shù)鑒定閉合導(dǎo)線網(wǎng)中技術(shù)要求測角中誤差mβ≤±8"，實習(xí)測量得到方位角閉合差發(fā)fβ1=10″，fβ2=-4.8″測角中誤差=3"mβ<8"則角度測量合格。坐標(biāo)增量0.1902m,0.4674m，則閉合長增量，總的距離L=2.949km，則全長相對閉合差=1.71/10000，而技術(shù)要求全長相對閉合差≤1/10000，T≥1/10000則長度測量不合格。3.平差后的技術(shù)鑒定高程網(wǎng)的單位權(quán)中誤差