GB 51160-2016 纖維增強(qiáng)塑料設(shè)備和管道工程技術(shù)規(guī)范

水印

人人文庫

NATIONALSTANDARD

OFTHEPEOPLE'SREPUBLICOFCHINA

TECHNICALCODEFORFIBREREINFORCEDPLASTICS

EQUIPMENTANDPIPINGENGINEERING

GB51160-2016

DevelopedbyBranchofChemicalIndustry，ChinaAssociationforEngineering

ConstructionStandardization

ApprovedbyTheMinistryofHousingandUrbanRuralDevelopmentof

-

thePeople'sRepublicofChina

ImplementationDateAugust1，2016水印

人人文庫

ChinaPlanningPress

Beijing2021

ChineseeditionfirstpublishedinthePeoplesRepublicofChinain2016

EnglisheditionfirstpublishedinthePeoplesRepublicofChinain2021

byChinaPlanningPress

rd

，，水印

3FloorCTowerGuohongBuilding

No.A11，Muxidi-Beili，XichengDistrict

Beijing，100038

PrintedinChinabyBeijingJingyintangGraphicPrintingCenter

?2016bytheMinistryofHousingandUrban-RuralDevelopmentof

thePeoplesRepublicofChina

Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformor

byanymeans人人文庫，graphic，electronic，ormechanical，includingphotocopying，recording，

oranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystems，withoutwrittenpermissionofthepublisher.

Thisbookissoldsubjecttotheconditionthatitshallnot，bywayoftradeorotherwise，belent，

resold，hiredoutorotherwisecirculatedwithoutthepublisherspriorconsentinanyformof

blindingorcoverotherthanthatinwhichthisispublishedandwithoutasimilarcondition

includingthisconditionbeingimposedonthesubsequentpurchaser.

ISBN978-7-5182-1270-5

中華人民共和國住房和城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)部公告

2021年第11號

住房和城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)部關(guān)于發(fā)布《纖維增強(qiáng)

塑料設(shè)備和管道工程技術(shù)規(guī)范》

等7項(xiàng)工程建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英文版的公告

現(xiàn)批準(zhǔn)《纖維增強(qiáng)塑料設(shè)備和管道工程技術(shù)規(guī)范》（GB51160-2016）、《工業(yè)企業(yè)電氣設(shè)備

抗震鑒定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB50994-2014）、《石油庫設(shè)計文件編制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB/T51026-2014）、《石油化

工工程地震破壞鑒定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB50992-2014）、《鋼鐵工業(yè)環(huán)境保護(hù)設(shè)計規(guī)范水印》（GB50406-

2017）、《鋼鐵工業(yè)資源綜合利用設(shè)計規(guī)范》（GB50405-2017）、《尾礦設(shè)施設(shè)計規(guī)范》

（GB50863-2013）英文版。工程建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英文版與中文版出現(xiàn)異議時，以中文版為準(zhǔn)。

以上7項(xiàng)工程建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英文版由住房和城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)部組織中國計劃出版社有限公司出版發(fā)行。

中華人民共和國住房和城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)部

2021年1月25日

人人文庫

AnnouncementoftheMinistryofHousingandUrban-Rural

DevelopmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChina

No.1026

AnnouncementoftheMinistryofHousingandUrbanRural

-

DevelopmentonPublishingNationalStandardofTechnical

CodeforFibreReinforcedPlasticsEquipmentand

PipingEngineering

TechnicalCodeforFibreReinforcedPlasticsEquipmentandPipingEngineeringhasbeen

approvedasanationalstandardwithaserialnumberofGB51160-2016，andwillbeimplementedon

August1，2016.Inthiscode，Articles（oritem）3.4.2，3.4.3（1）and7.1.3（3）aremandatoryonesandmust

beimplementedstrictly.水印

AuthorizedbytheResearchInstituteofStandardsandNormsofMinistryofHousingandUrban

-

RuralDevelopmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChina，thiscodeispublishedanddistributedbyChina

PlanningPress.

MinistryofHousingandUrbanRuralDevelopmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChina

-

January1，2016

人人文庫

Foreword

ThiscodeispreparedbyChinaPetroleumandChemicalEngineeringSurveyandDesign

AssociationandShanghaiFuchenChemicalCo.，Ltd.togetherwithotherinvolvedorganizations.

accordingtotherequirementsofDocumentJIANBIAO［2013］No.6issuedbytheMinistryofHousing

andUrbanRuralDevelopment（MOHURD）

-"NoticeonPrintingandDistributing'theDevelopment

.

andRevisionPlanofNationalEngineeringConstructionStandardsin2013'"

Inpreparingthiscode，thedevelopmentteamcarriedoutinvestigationandresearch，testsand

verification，summarizedtheapplicationexperienceofChinesefibrereinforcedplasticsequipmentand

pipingengineeringtechnology，madereferencetotheadvancedcodesandstandardsinChinaand

abroad，basedonextensiveconsultation，reviewedandfinalizedthiscode.

Thiscodeconsistsof11chaptersand11appendixes，covering:generalprovisions，terms，basic

requirements，materials，equipmentdesign，pipingdesign，manufacture，qualitycontrolandinspection，

marking，packing，transporting，storing，installation，projectacceptance.

Theprovisionsprintedinboldtypearemandatoryonesandmustbeimplementedstrictly.

Thiscodeisunderthejurisdictionof，anditsmandatoryprovisions水印areinterpretedbytheMinistry

ofHousingandUrbanRuralDevelopmentofthePeoplesRepublicofChina.TheBranchofChemical

-'

Industry，ChinaAssociationforEngineeringConstructionStandardizationisresponsibleforitsroutine

management，andShanghaiFuchenChemicalCo.，Ltd.isinchargeofexplanationoftechnical

specification.Duringtheimplementationofthiscode，anycommentsandadvicescanbepostedor

passedontoShanghaiFuchenChemicalCo.，Ltd.（Address:521B，No.251CaoxiRoad，Xuhui

-

District，Shanghai；Postcode:200235）.

ChiefDevelopmentOrganizations，CoDevelopmentOrganizations，ParticipatingOrganizations，

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ChiefDraffters，ChiefReviewersandChiefTranslatersofthiscode:

ChiefDevelopmentOrganizations：

ChinaPetroleumandChemicalEngineeringSurveyandDesignAssociation

ShanghaiFuchenChemicalCo.，Ltd.

Co-DevelopmentOrganizations：

ShijiazhuangDevelopmentZoneJiyuanTechnologyCo.，Ltd.

人人文庫XinjiangPengyuanNewMaterialCo.，Ltd.

EastChinaUniversityofScienceandTechnology

ChinaWuhuanEngineeringCo.，Ltd.

SinopecNanjingEngineeringCo.，Ltd.

ChinaEnfiEngineeringTechnologyCo.，Ltd.

JizhouZhongyiCompositeMaterialCo.，Ltd.

JiangxiCopperGroupCompanyGuixiSmeltingPlant

ChangzhouHuakePolymerCo.，Ltd.

JinchuanGroupEngineeringConstructionCo.，Ltd.

JilinDesignInstituteofCNPCNortheastRefiningandChemicalEngineeringCo.，Ltd.

·1·

Ashland（China）InvestmentCo.，Ltd.

ChinaPowerEngineeringConsultingGroupEastChinaPowerDesignInstitute

Co.，Ltd.

ChinaMetallurgicalOrientEngineeringTechnologyCo.，Ltd.

HebeiHengxingEnvironmentalProtectionEquipmentEngineeringCo.，Ltd.

NationalChemicalConstructionStandardizationManagementCenter

ParticipatingOrganizations：

TaishanFibreglassCo.，Ltd.

ChongqingInternationalCompositeMaterialsCo.，Ltd.

GuangdongXianliFibreReinforcedPlasticCo.，Ltd.

DeyangShuangquanFRPProductsCo.，Ltd.

ChiefDrafters:

LUShipingLIGuoshuWANGLeiHOURuigangTANGWenyong

WANGZhengzhuYUQunZHAOAijunLANLiqinLIUSu

JIANGXianlongLUYuechiWANGTiantangZENGShaoJUYuanqin

JIANGGuoxianZHANGWeixiuYUANYeLAIXiaodongLIDasheng

NIUChunliangGUOQuanguoLUTianZHAOGuiqinGAOShangwen

LIYe

ChiefReviewers:水印

CHENBoNILizhongZHUSirongGUOWenqiangSHAYuan

ZHANGShiguangWANGQianghuaZHANGLinwenLVHuimin

WANGJiandongJILi

ChiefTranslaters:

ZHUSirongLUQi'aoLIGuoshuWANGLeiLUShiping

人人文庫

·2·

Contents

1Generalprovisions……………（1）

2Terms…………………………（2）

3Basicrequirements……………（3）

3.1Generalrequirements……………（3）

3.2Functionalrequirements…………（3）

3.3Designconditionsanddocuments…………………（4）

3.4Overpressureprotection…………（4）

4Materials………………………（6）

4.1Generalrequirements……………（6）

4.2Rawmaterials…………………（6）

4.3Materialpropertiesoflaminaandlaminate…………（8）

5Equipmentdesign………………（19）

5.1Generalrequirements……………（19）

5.2Loadandaction………………（20）

5.3Structuralcalculation……………水?。?1）

5.4Structuraldesign………………（43）

6Pipingdesign……………………（53）

6.1Generalrequirements……………（53）

6.2Configurationdesign……………（54）

6.3Structurecalculation……………（65）

6.4Pipingstresscalculationandflexibilityanalysis……………………（76）

7Manufacture……………………（87）

7.1Generalrequirements……………（87）

7.2Manufactureforequipmentandpiping……………（88）

7.3Qualitycontrolofmanufactureprocess……………（89）

7.4Faultandrepair…………………（90）

7.5Secondarybonding………………（91）

8Qualitycontrolandinspection…………………（93）

8.1Generalrequirements……………（93）

8.2Qualityinspection人人文庫documents……………………（93）

8.3Rawmaterialtestingandinspection………………（94）

8.4Productmeasurement，inspectionanddetermination………………（97）

9Marking，packing，transporting，storing………（106）

9.1Equipment……………………（106）

9.2Piping…………………………（107）

10Installation……………………（108）

10.1Generalrequirements…………（108）

10.2Equipmentinstallation…………（108）

10.3Pipinginstallation………………（109）

·1·

10.4Usageandmaintenance…………（112）

11Projectacceptance……………（114）

AppendixASubitemdesignfactorK'sdeterminationforcorrosionresistant

-2-

innerlinerlayeroffibrereinforcedplasticsequipment……………（116）

AppendixBCorrosionmediumclassification……………………（121）

AppendixCHorizontalvesseldesign……………（122）

AppendixDFlangedesign………………………（130）

AppendixEGroundanchordesign………………（138）

AppendixFReinforcedflange'sspecificationforopeningholetanktop………（148）

AppendixGCalculatingprocessforpipelinestructuredesign…………………（149）

AppendixHCalculatingofpipingpressureloss…………………（150）

AppendixJSecondarybondingfabricationevaluation…………（152）

AppendixKMeasurementandtestforinterlaminarshearstrengthoflaminates………………（154）

AppendixLMeasurementandtestforlapshearstrengthofbondbetweenlaminates…………（155）

Explanationofwordinginthiscode………………（156）

Listofquotedstandards……………（157）

水印

人人文庫

·2·

1Generalprovisions

1.0.1Thiscodeispreparedwithaviewtoimprovetheapplicationleveloffibrereinforcedplastics

equipmentandpipingengineering，andtoachieveadvancedtechnology，safetyandusability，economy

andrationality，andqualityassurance.

1.0.2Thiscodeisapplicabletothedesign，manufacture，installationandengineeringquality

acceptanceofintegralfibrereinforcedplasticsequipmentandpipingformedbywinding，sprayingand

handlayup.

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1.0.3Thiscodeisnotapplicabletothefollowingdesignoffibrereinforcedplasticsequipmentand

piping：

1Transporttank，buriedcontainer，storagetanksanddoublewalledtanks；

Irregularshape（nogyrating）containers，tanksandtowers；

2-

3Equipmentandpipingforhighlytoxicorradioactivechemicals；

4Buriedwatersupplyanddrainagepipes；

5Chimneysandflues；

6Oilandgasgatheringandtransportationpipes.水印

1.0.4Inengineeringapplicationsoffibrereinforcedplasticsequipmentandpiping，inadditiontothe

requirementsstipulatedinthiscode，thosestipulatedinthecurrentrelevantstandardsofthenationshall

becompliedwith.

人人文庫

·1·

2Terms

2.0.1Unit

Thereciprocaloftheunitareamassoffibrereinforcedmaterial（kg/m2）andunitwidth（mm）ofa

lamina，withunitof1/（mm·kg/m2）；orthereciprocaloftheunitwidth（mm）ofalaminate，withunitof1/mm.

2.0.2Unittensilestrength

Ultimatetensileloadperunitwidthandunitareamassoffibrereinforcedmaterialofalamina，with

unitofN/（mm·kg/m2）.

2.0.3Unittensilemodulus

Theratioofthetensileloadtothecorrespondingstrainperunitwidthandunitareamassoffibre

reinforcedmaterialofalamina，withunitofN/（mm·kg/m2）.

2.0.4Tensileloadcarryingcapacityofalaminate

Ultimatetensileloadofunitwidthlaminate，withunitofN/mm.

2.0.5Laminateunittensilestiffness

Ratiooftensileloadtocorrespondingstrainofunitwidthlaminate，withunitofN/mm.

2.0.6Designthicknessofstructurallayer

Thicknessofstructuralcalculationformainloadinlayer，whichdoes水印notincludethethicknessof

liningandoutersurface.

2.0.7Designthickness

Theentirelayerthicknessincludingthethicknessofthestructurallayer，thethicknessofthelining

andtheoutersurface.

2.0.8Simplifiedfailureenvelope

Asimplifiedpolygonallineforthebiaxialstressfailurecurvesofanisotropicmaterials.

2.0.9Airbubble

Acavityformedbyairretentioninalayer.

2.0.10Chip

Asmallpieceofdamageontheedgeorsurfaceofalayer.

2.0.11Crazing

Irregularminorcrackonthesurfaceofalayer.

2.0.12Dryspot

Areaswherefibres人人文庫arenotadequatelysaturatedwithresin.

2.0.13Exposedfibre

Thesurfaceoredgefibresareexposed.

2.0.14Pit

Acraterareaofalayer.

2.0.15Scratch

Scoringorshallowmarkonthesurfaceofalayer.

2.0.16Wrinkle

Wavysurfaceofthelayerduetoirregularshapeoroverlappingofthestructure.

·2·

3Basicrequirements

3.1Generalrequirements

3.1.1Thedesignpressurerangeoffibrereinforcedplasticsequipmentshallbeinaccordancewiththe

followingrequirements：

1Wherethediameterislessthanorequalto4m，thedesigninternalpressureshallnotbelarger

than1.0MPa，andtheproductofthedesigninternalpressureanddiametershallnotbelargerthan

2.4MPa·m，andthedesignexternalpressureshallnotbelargerthan0.1MPa；

2Wherethediameterislargerthan4m，thedesigninternalpressureshallnotbelargerthan

2.0kPa，andthedesignexternalpressureshallnotbelargerthan0.5kPa.

3.1.2Thedesignpressurerangeoffibrereinforcedplasticpipingshallbeinaccordancewiththe

followingrequirements：

1Wherethediameterislessthanorequalto600mm，thedesigninternalpressureshallnotbe

largerthan1.0MPa；

2Wherethediameterislargerthan600mmandlessthanorequalto1200mm，thedesigninternal

pressureshallnotbelargerthan0.6MPa；水印

3Externalpressureshallnotbelargerthan0.1MPa.

3.1.3Whenthedesignpressureanddiameteroffibrereinforcedplasticsequipmentandpipingdonot

conformtothescopestipulatedinArticles3.1.1and3.1.2ofthiscode，thematerialpropertiesshallbe

determinedbytesting.

3.1.4Thedesigntemperaturerangeoffibrereinforcedplasticequipmentshouldbe-40℃to+120℃，

andthedesigntemperaturerangeofpipingshouldbe-30℃to+110℃.Whenthetemperaturerangeis

notsatisfied，theperformanceofthematerialshallbedeterminedbytesting.

3.2Functionalrequirements

3.2.1Flameretardantresinsoradditivesshallbeusedwhenflameretardantperformanceoffibre

reinforcedplasticsequipmentandpipingisrequired.

3.2.2Conductivecarbonfibresorconductivefillersshallbeusedwhenfibrereinforcedplastics

equipmentandpipingarerequiredtohaveantistaticproperties，andthecontinuoussurfaceresistivity

-

shallnotbelarger人人文庫than1.0×106Ωorthevolumeresistivityshallnotbelargerthan1.0×106Ω·m.The

electrostaticgroundingshallmeettherequirementsoftherelevantprovisionsofSH3097Codeforthe

DesignofStaticElectricityGroundingforPetrochemicalIndustry，thecurrentindustrystandard.

3.2.3Whenwearresistanceoffibrereinforcedplasticequipmentandpipingarerequired，wear

resistantfillersshallbeaddedtotheresinorothertechnicalmeasuresshouldbetaken.

3.2.4Whenthereisfoodhygienerequirementforfibrereinforcedplasticsequipmentandpiping，it

shallmeettherequirementsofthecurrentnationalstandardsGB/T14354FoodContainersofGlass

FibreReinforcedUnsaturatedPolyesterResinandGB/T5009.98MethodforAnalysisofHygienic

StandardofUnsaturatedPolyesterResinandGlassFibreReinforcedPlasticsUsedasFood

ContainersandPackagingMaterials.

·3·

3.3Designconditionsanddocuments

3.3.1Thedesignconditionsofthefibrereinforcedplasticequipmentandpipingprovidedbytheclient

shallincludethefollowingcontents：

1Componentsandcharacteristicsofmedium；

2Operatingparameterssuchasworkingpressure，workingtemperature，liquidlevel，velocityand

branchload；

3Processdescription；

4Geometricparameters，nozzleorientationandsupporttype；

5Naturalconditionssuchasambienttemperature，seismicfortificationintensity，windandsnow

loads，etc.；

6Otherconditions.

3.3.2Beforemanufacturingfibrereinforcedplasticsequipmentandpiping，themanufacturershall

havedesigndocumentssuchasdesigntasksheets，calculationsheets，designdrawings，design

specifications，etc.

3.3.3Thefollowingcontentsshallbeincludedinthedesigndrawingandthedesignspecifications：

1Nameandclassificationofproject，majorregulations，specificationsandproductstandardsfor

designandmanufacture；

2Workingpressure，workingtemperature，composition，characteristics水印，velocity，toxicityand

explosionhazardofthemedium；

3Designtemperature，designpressureandwind，snowandearthquakeloads；

4Types，gradesandspecificationsofmainrawmaterials；

5Maincharacteristicparametersanddeviationcontrolrangeofequipmentdiameter，height，

volume，pipediameter，lengthandsoon；

6Layersequence，numberoflayers，thicknessanddeviationcontrolrangeoffibrereinforced

plasticsequipmentandpiping；

7Accessoriessuchasliftinglug，strutandladder；

8Locationofnameplatesforfibrereinforcedplasticsequipmentandpiping；

9Packaging，transportationandinstallationrequirements；

10Testingrequirements.

3.4Overpressureprotection

3.4.1Allequipment人人文庫inthiscodeshallbeprotectedbyovervoltage.

3.4.2Theovervoltageprotectionoftheequipmentconnectedwiththeatmospheremustbein

accordancewiththefollowingrequirements.

1Shallbeopenatthetop，andshouldbecommunicateddirectlywiththeair；

2Thesectionalareaoftheventshallnotbelessthanthelargervaluebetweentheinletand

outletdimensionsoftheequipment（netcirculationarea）；

3Airtightventmustnotbeprohibited；

4Theoverflowportshallbeinstalled，andthesectionareaoftheoverflowportshallnotbe

lessthantheinletdimension.

3.4.3Overvoltageprotectionforequipmentthatdoesnotinterconnectwiththeatmosphereshallbein

·4·

accordancewiththefollowingrequirements：

1Overpressurereliefdevicesshallbeinstalledforequipmentwithoverpressureduring

operation；

2Theinstallationofoverpressurereliefdeviceshallconformtotherelevantprovisionsof

GB150.1：.

PressureVessels-Part1GeneralRequirements

水印

人人文庫

·5·

4Materials

4.1Generalrequirements

4.1.1Thematerialselectionoffibrereinforcedplasticequipmentandpipingshallbebasedon

calculating，evaluating，testingandverifyingofthemechanicalproperties，chemicalresistance，physical

propertiesandprocessingpropertiesofthematerials.

4.1.2ThematerialsusedinfibrereinforcedplasticequipmentandpipingshallhaveaMaterialSafety

DataSheet.

4.2Rawmaterials

4.2.1Unsaturatedpolyesterresin，vinylesterresinandepoxyresinshouldbeselectedforfibre

reinforcedplasticequipmentandpiping.Whenothertypesofresinsareselected，theirpropertiesshallbe

determinedbytesting.

4.2.2Resinsusedforfibrereinforcedplasticsequipmentandpipingshallbeinaccordancewiththe

followingrequirements：

1Resinshallmeettheworkingconditionsandformingprocessrequirements水??；

2Resinshallbematchedwithreinforcementmaterial；

3Thesameresinshouldbechosenforliningandstructurallayer；

4Unsaturatedpolyesterresinandvinylesterresinshallbematchedwiththeinitiatorand

acceleratorselected；

5Epoxyresinshallbematchwiththeselectedcuringagent.

4.2.3Thequalityoftheresinshallbeinaccordancewiththefollowingrequirements：

1Thequalityofunsaturatedpolyesterresinshallmeettherelevantrequirementsofcurrent

nationalstandardGB/T8237LiquidUnsaturatedPolyesterResinforFibreReinforcedPlastics；

2Thequalityofvinylesterresinshallmeettherelevantrequirementsofcurrentnationalstandard

GB/T50590TechnicalCodeforAnticorrosionEngineeringofVinylEsterResins；

3Thequalityofepoxyresinshallmeettherelevantrequirementsofcurrentnationalstandard

GB/T13657；

Bisphenol-AEpoxyResin

4ThepropertiesofresincastingbodyshouldbeinaccordancewiththosespecifiedinTable

4.2.3：人人文庫

Table4.2.3Propertiesofresincastingbody

MechanicalpropertyLiningresinStructurallayerresin

Tensilestrength（MPa）≥60.0≥60.0

Tensilemodulus（×103MPa）≥2.5≥3.0

Fractureelongation（%）≥3.5≥2.5

HeatdeflectiontemperatureHDT℃1.80MPa≥T+20

（，，）d

Noterepresentingdesigntemperature.

：Td

·6·

5Thecorrosionresistanceoftheresinmaybedeterminedbythecorrosionresistancedataofthe

resin，existingapplicationexperience，couponorlaboratorytestandverification，etc.Theevaluation

methodshallmeettherequirementsofAppendixAofthiscode.

4.2.4Glassfibreanditsproducts，carbonfibreanditsproducts，syntheticfibreanditsproductsshould

beselectedasreinforcementmaterialsforfibrereinforcedplasticequipmentandpiping.Whenother

typesofreinforcementmaterialsareselected，theirpropertiesshallbedeterminedbytests.

4.2.5Reinforcementmaterialsforfibrereinforcedplasticequipmentandpipingshallbeinaccordance

withthefollowingrequirements：

1Reinforcementmaterialsshallmeettherequirementsofworkingconditionsandmolding

process；

2Thecouplingagentusedinfibresurfacetreatmentshallbematchedwithresin；

3Thetypeoffibrereinforcedmaterialusedfortheconnectionbetweentheequipmentcylinder

andpipelineshallbethesameasthereinforcementmaterialsoftheequipmentcylinderandpipeline.

4.2.6Glassfibreanditsproductsshouldbechosenchoppedstrandsmat，wovenroving，winding

filament，gunroving，wovenfabrics，surfaceveil，andthequalityofwhichshallbeinaccordancewiththe

followingrequirements：

1Thequalityofchoppedstrandmatshallmeettherequirementsofthecurrentnationalstandard

GB/T17470；

GlassFibreMats-ChoppedStrandandContinuousFilamentMats

2Thequalityofwovenrovingshallmeettherequirementsofcurrent水印nationalstandardGB/T18370

GlassFibreWovenRoving；

3Thequalityofwindingfilamentandgunrovingshallmeetthetherequirementsofcurrent

nationalstandardGB/T18369GlassFibreRoving；

4Thequalityofwovenfabricsshallbeinaccordancewiththetherequirementsofcurrent

nationalstandardGB/T25040GlassFibreStitchedFabrics；

5Thepercentmoisturecontentofsurfaceveilshallnotbelargerthan0.2%，andthemassper

unitareashouldbe（30—50）g/m2.

4.2.7Thequalityofcarbonfibreanditsproductsshallmeettherelevantrequirementsofcurrent

nationalstandardGB/T26752，andGB/T30021

PAN-BasedCarbonFibreWarpKnittingCarbon

FibreReinforcements.

4.2.8Undertheconditionofdifferentcorrosivemedium，thereinforcingmaterialsofliningandouter

surfaceoffibrereinforcedplasticsequipmentandpipingshouldbeselectedaccordingtoTable4.2.8.

Table4.2.8Selectionformofreinforcedmaterialforliningandoutersurface

No.人人文庫CorrosivemediumTypeofsurfaceveilTypeofchoppedstrandmat

Alkalineinorganicsubstanceandhydrolysable

1SEorECR

saltofalkalineinorganicsubstance-

2HydrolyzablesaltofoxidizingalkalineinorganicsubstanceSEorECR

-

Acidinorganicsubstanceandhydrolysablesalt

3CorECRECR

ofacidinorganicsubstance--

4InorganicoxidizingacidCorECRECR

--

5AlkalineorganicsCorEEorECR

-

·7·

Table4.2.8（continued）

No.CorrosivemediumTypeofsurfaceveilTypeofchoppedstrandmat

6AcidicorganicsCorECRECR

--

7SurfaceactiveagentCorEorSEorECR

-

8OrganicsolventCorEEorECR

-

9StrongoxidizerCorEorSEorECR

-

10OthersCorEorSEorECR

-

Notes：1Sstandsforsyntheticfibreorcarbonfibre，Cforchemicalresistantglassfibre，Eforalkalifreeglassfibre，andECRforacid

----

resistantglassfibre；

2TheclassificationofcorrosivemediumshallmeettherequirementsoftheprovisionsofAppendixBofthiscode.

4.3Materialpropertiesoflaminaandlaminate

4.3.1Themechanicalpropertiesoffibrereinforcedplasticlaminaforequipmentandpipesshouldbe

determinedbytesting.Whenusingthelayeringcalculationmethod，themechanicalpropertiesofthe

glassfibrereinforcedplasticlaminashallbeinaccordancewiththefollowingrequirements：

ThemechanicalpropertiesofthelaminashallbeinaccordancewithTable4.3.11；

1-

2Thewindingangleandtheunittensilemodulusofthecircumferentialandaxialdirectionofthe

filamentwoundlayershouldbeinaccordancewithTable4.3.12；

-水印

3Thewindingangleandthepoissonratioofthefilamentwoundlayershouldbeinaccordance

withTable4.3.13；

-

4Theglassfibrecontentbymassofthelaminashallbeinaccordancewiththefollowing

requirements：

1）Forchoppedstrandmat，itshouldbe25%to35%；

2）Forwovenroving，itshouldbe45%to55%；

3）Forwindingroving，itshouldbe60%to75%.

Table4.3.1-1Mechanicalpropertiesofglassfibrereinforcedplasticlaminamaterials

UnittensilestrengthUUnittensilemodulusXInterlaminarorlapshear

ReinforcementApplicableii

Direction

materialtypesconditions［N/mmkg/m2］［N/mmkg/m2］strengthτMPa

（·）（·）lap（）

ChoppedstrandmatAll200140007.0

ξ≥1/6500×ξ4000+24000×ξ

Warp

ξ＜1/6604000

Wovenroving

ξ≤5/6500×（1-ξ）4000+24000×（1-ξ）

Weft6.0

人人文庫ξ＞5/6604000

Fibre

Filamentwound85°＜θ＜90°50028000

direction

Notes：1Inthetable，ξistheratioofthewarpdirectionofthetotalfibremassofglasswovenroving；

2Inthetable，θisthewindingangle，representingtheanglebetweenthedirectionofwindingandtheaxisxofthecylinderorpipe.

Table4.3.1-2Windingangle，circumferentialunitandaxialunittensilemodulusofthefilamentwoundlayer

TheangleθbetweenthewindingdirectionCircumferentialunittensilemodulusAxialunittensilemodulus

andtheaxisxofthecylinderorpipe（°）［N/（mm·kg/m2）］［N/（mm·kg/m2）］

0—28000

5—27400

10—26000

·8·

Table4.3.1-2（continued）

TheangleθbetweenthewindingdirectionCircumferentialunittensilemodulusAxialunittensilemodulus

andtheaxisxofthecylinderorpipe（°）［N/（mm·kg/m2）］［N/（mm·kg/m2）］

15—23800

20460019800

25455016000

30455012800

3546009800

4050007500

4558005800

5075005000

5598004600

60128004550

65160004550

70198004600

7523800—

8026000—

8527400—

9028000—

'

Table4.3.1-3WindingangleandPoissonsratiooffilament水印woundlayer

Angleθbetweenfibrewindingdirectionandaxisofthecylinderorpipe°Poisson'sratioPoisson'sratio

x（）vyxvxy

00.0750.26

50.0750.27

100.100.32

150.140.38

200.180.47

250.240.56

300.310.59

350.370.61

400.450.59

450.540.54

500.590.45

550.610.37

人人文庫600.590.31

650.560.24

700.470.18

750.380.14

800.320.10

850.270.075

900.260.075

Notes：1xistheaxisofthecylinderorpipe；yisthecircumferentialdirectionofthecylinderorpipe；

2ThePoisson′sratiovisthexdirectionstraincausedbythestressintheydirectionandthePoisson′sratiovistheydirection

yx，xy

straincausedbythestressinthexdirection.

9··

4.3.2Themechanicalpropertiesofthefibrereinforcedplasticlaminatesmaybecalculatedaccording

tothelayeringcalculationbasedonthelaminatetheoryorthetestingresults，andshallbeinaccordance

withthefollowingrequirements：

1Whentestedparametersorhistoricaldataaremissing，thefollowinglayeringcalculation

methodshallbeused；

1）Theunittensilestiffnessandunittensilestrengthofthelaminateshallbecalculatedaccording

tothefollowingformulas：

X=nWX+nWX+…+nWX（4.3.21）

lam111222iii-

U=nWU+nWU+…+nWU（4.3.22）

lam111222iii-

where

UnittensilestiffnessoflaminateN/mm

Xlam—（）；

UnittensilestrengthoflaminateN/mm

Ulam—（）；

n—Numberoflayersoftheithlamina；

i-

W—Fibremassperunitareaoftheithlamina（kg/m2）；

i-

X—Unittensilemodulusoftheithlamina［N/（mm·kg/m2）］；forafilamentwoundlayer，when

i-

thewindingangleislessthan15°andthecircumferentialtensilemodulusiscalculated，the

valueshallbe0；whenthewindingangleisgreaterthan75°andtheaxialtensilemodulusis

calculated，thevalueshallbe0；

U—Unittensilestrengthoftheithlamina［N/（mm·kg/m2）］.

i水印

-

2）Thetensilemodulusofthelaminateshallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformulas：

E=X/t（4.3.23）

lamlamd-

n

t=∑t（4.3.24）

di-

i=1

■（100-）■

1mg

t=■+■×W×103（4.3.25）

i■ρm×ρ■i-

■ggr■

where

TensilemodulusoflaminateMPa

Elam—（）；

Calculatedthicknessofstructurallayeroflaminatemm

td—（）；

t—Structurecalculationthicknessoftheithlamina（mm）；

i-

m—Fibremasspercentageoftheithlamina；

g-

W—Fibremassperunitareaoftheithlamina（kg/m2）；

i-

Densityofcuredresinkg/m3

ρr—（）；

Densityoffibrekg/m3.

ρg—人人文庫（）

3）Theflexuralmodulusofthelaminateshallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformulas：

1n2

E=∑WX■12（h-h）+t2■（4.3.26）

bt3ii■i0i■-

di=1

∑n

WiXihi

=i=14.3.27

h0（）

∑n-

WiXi

i=1

where

FlexuralmodulusoflaminateMPa

Eb—（）；

·10·

W—Fibremassperunitareaoftheithlamina（kg/m2）；

i-

X—Unittensilemodulusoftheithlamina［N/（mm·kg/m2）］；

i-

h—Distancebetweenthecenteroftheithlaminaandthecenterofthelaminate（mm）（Figure4.3.2）；

i-

Distancebetweentheneutralplaneofthelaminateandthecenterofthelaminatemm.

h0—（）

Figure4.3.2Schematicdiagramofthedistancehbetweenthecenteroftheithlaminaandthecenterofthelaminate

i-

2Whentestingisusedtodeterminetheperformanceoflaminaandlaminate，itshallbein

accordancewiththefollowingrequirements：

1）Thetestspecimensshallbemadeaccordingtothedesignedlayers，andthenumberof

processedspecimensforeachtestitemshallnotbelessthan15；

2）Laminaandlaminateperformancetestingitemsshallbeinaccordancewiththosespecifiedin

Table4.3.21；

-

Table4.3.2-1Laminaandlaminateperformancetestingitem

TestitemsLaminaLaminate

Unittensilestrength√水印—

Unittensilemodulus√—

Tensileproperties

Unittensilestrength—√

Unittensilestiffness—√

Tensilemodulus—√

Elasticmodulus

Flexuralmodulus—√

Interlaminarshearstrength○○

Shearstrength

Lapshearstrength√√

Shearstrength—√

Note：“√”meanstheitemshalltobeinspected；“○”meanstheitemshouldtobeinspected；“—”meansnoitemtobeinspected.

3）Theconfidenceofthespecimendatashallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformulas：

ˉ

J=J-t×s（4.3.28）

lam-

人人文庫ˉ

∑（J-J）2

s=（4.3.29）

N-1-

where

Typicalvaluesforpresetlayersperformance

Jlam—；

ˉ

J—Averagetestresultsofmeasuredperformanceofpresetlayup；

—distributionthreshold，whichmaybevaluedaccordingtoTable4.3.22；

tt--

s—Standarddeviation；

J—Actualtestresult；

N—Numberofspecimens.

·11·

t

Table4.3.2-2-distributionthreshold

NtNt

152.160242.074

162.145252.069

172.131262.064

182.120272.060

192.110282.056

202.101292.052

212.093302.048

222.086312.045

232.080322.042

ⅠEquipmentdesignfactorandallowablestrain

4.3.3Thedesignfactorofthemechanicalpropertiesoftheequipmentshallbedeterminedin

accordancewiththefollowingrequirements：

1Thedesignfactorshallbecalculatedaccordingtofollowingformulas：

K=2×K×K×K×K（4.3.31）

1234-

F=2×K×K×K×K（4.3.32）

1234水印-

where

K—Designfactor，shallnotlessthan6.0；

F—Bucklingfactor，shallnotlessthan4.0；

Partialdesignfactorrelatingtotestandverificationofmaterialproperties

K1—；

Partialdesignfactorrelatingtochemicalenvironment

K2—；

Partialdesignfactorrelatingtotheinfluenceofthedesigntemperatureandresin

K3—HDT；

K—Partialdesignfactorrelatingtolongtermperformanceoflaminate.

4-

2Whenthepartialdesignfactorcannotbedetermined，thedesignfactorshallnotbelessthan

10.0andthebucklingfactorshallnotbelessthan5.0.

Thetestandverificationpartialdesignfactorshallbeinaccordancewiththefollowing

4.3.4K1

requirements：

1Whenthemechanicalpropertiesofthelaminateusedinthedesignaredeterminedbythe

layeringcalculationmethodandtheperformancevaluesofeachlaminainTable4.3.1ofthiscodeare

adopted，Kshallbeinaccordancewiththefollowingrequirements：

1人人文庫

1）Whenthereisaproductperformanceofthesamelaminatesmanufacturedwithin18

monthsandthereisacceptablehistoricaltestdataofperformanceoftheproductshall

，K1

betakenas2.0；

2）Whenthereisaproductperformanceofthesamelaminatesmanufacturedwithin12

monthsandthereisacceptablehistoricaltestdataofperformanceoftheproductshall

，K1

betakenas1.5；

3）Whenthereisaproductperformanceofthesamelaminatesmanufacturedwithin12months，

andtheperformanceofthelaminaisverifiedby5datasets，gettheaverageof5dataandthe

averageof3dataexcludingthemaximumandminimumones.Thesmallerofthetwoaverage

·12·

valuesshallbegreaterthantheperformancevalueinTable4.3.1ofthiscodeshallbe

，K1

takenas1.3；

4）Whenthereisaproductperformanceofthesamelaminatesmanufacturedwithin12months，

andthemechanicalpropertiesofthelaminatesusedinthedesignareverifiedbyatestof5data

sets，gettheaverageof5dataandtheaverageof3dataexcludingthemaximumandminimum

ones.Thesmallerofthetwoaveragevaluesshallbegreaterthanthemechanicalpropertiesof

thelaminateusedinthedesignshallbetakenas1.2.

，K1

2Whenthemechanicalpropertiesofthelaminateusedinthedesignaredeterminedbythe

layeringcalculation，theperformanceofthelaminaisdeterminedbytestingorbytheoriginaltest

results，andtheperformanceofthelaminaisverifiedby5datasets，gettheaverageof5dataandthe

averageof3dataexcludingthemaximumandminimumones，thesmallerofthetwoaveragevalues

shallbegreaterthantheperformancevalueofthelaminashallbetakenas1.1.

，K1

3Whenthemechanicalpropertiesofthelaminatesusedinthedesignaremeasuredandsampled

fromthesimulatedspecimensofthelaboratory，theperformancetestdatashallnotbelessthan15for

thetestverificationshallbetakenas1.1.

，K1

4Whenthemechanicalpropertiesofthelaminateusedinthedesignaremeasuredandsampled

fromtheequipmentspecimen，theperformancetestdatashallnotbelessthan15forthetestverification，

andshallbetakenas1.0.

K1

4.3.5ThevalueKofthepartialdesignfactorrelatingtothechemicalenvironmentshallmeetthe

2水印

requirementsofAppendixAofthiscode.

4.3.6Thepartialdesignfactorrelatingtothedesigntemperatureandthethermaldeflection

temperatureoftheresinshallbecalculatedasfollowsandthevalueshallbeintherangeof

（HDT），K3

1.0—1.4.

T-20

K=1.0+0.4d（4.3.6）

3HDT-40

where

Designtemperature

Td—；

HDT—Heatdeflectiontemperatureofresin.

4.3.7ThepartialdesignfactorKrelatingtothelongtermperformanceofthelaminateshallbein

4-

accordancewithTable4.3.7andthefollowingrequirements：

1Wherecombinationlaminatesofchoppedstrandmat，wovenrovingorwindingroving，the

valueofshallbetakenforthemajorconstituent

K4；

2ForthecalculationofthebucklingfactorF，onlytheKvalueforflexuralshallbeused；

人人文庫4

3ForthecalculationoftheoveralldesignfactorK，wheretheloadingisacombinationofboth

tensionandflexuralthevaluefortensionshallbeused.

，K4

Table4.3.7PartialdesignfactorKrelatingtolongtermperformanceoflaminate

4-

TensionBending

Reinforcementtype

ShorttermloadLongtermloadLongtermload

---

Wovenroving1.001.301.90

Choppedstrandmat1.002.402.40

Filamentwound（circumferential）1.001.301.40

Filamentwound（axial）1.001.601.70

·13·

4.3.8Theallowablestrainoflaminatesforequipmentandtheallowableunitloadshallbein

accordancewiththefollowingrequirements：

Theallowablestrainvalueoftheresinshallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformula

1εar，

andshallnotbegreaterthanthevaluespecifiedinTable4.3.81；

-

ε=0.1×ε（4.3.81）

arr-

where

Allowablestrainvalueofresin%

εar—（）；

Fractureelongationofresincastingbody%.

εr—（）

Table4.3.8-1Allowablestrainvalueofresin

ResintypeAllowablestrainvalue（%）

Vinylesterresin0.27

Unsaturatedpolyesterresin0.23

2Theallowablestrainvalueofthelaminateshallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowing

formula：

U

ε=lam（4.3.82）

lam×-

KXlam

where

Allowablestrainvalueoflaminate

εlam—；

X—Unittensilestiffness（N/mm）ofthelaminate，determinedinaccordance水印withFormula（4.3.21）；

lam-

—Designfactor，determinedinaccordancewithFormula（4.3.31）；

K-

U—Unittensilestrength（N/mm）ofthelaminate，determinedinaccordancewithFormula（4.3.22）.

lam-

Theallowablestrainofthelaminateforequipmentshallbeasmallvalueinthecalculated

3εd

valuesofFormula（4.3.81）andFormula（4.3.82）.WhenthecalculatedvaluesofFormula（4.3.81）

---

andFormula（4.3.82）cannotbedetermined，theallowablestrainshallbe0.001.

-

Themaximumstrainintheitemwhentestedoftheequipmentshallnotexceedthevalue

4εtest

specifiedinTable4.3.82.

-

Table4.3.8-2Maximumtestedstrain

ResintypeMaximumstrain（%）

Vinylesterresin0.35

Unsaturatedpolyesterresin0.30

5Theallowableunitloadoftheequipmentlaminatesshallbecalculatedaccordingtothe

followingformula：人人文庫

［q］=ε×X（4.3.83）

dlam-

where

［q］—Allowableunitloadforequipmentlaminates（N/mm）.

6Theallowableshearstressoftheequipmentlaminatesshallbecalculatedaccordingtothe

followingformula：

τ

［τ］=（4.3.84）

K-

where

［τ］—Allowableshearstressofequipmentlaminates（MPa）；

·14·

τ—Theshearstrength（MPa）oftheequipmentlaminates，canbemeasuredaccordingtothe

currentnationalstandardGB/T1450.2

Fibre-ReinforcedPlasticComposites-Detemination

；whennodetectedvalueisavailable，50MPaispreferred；

ofthePunch-TypeShearStrength

K—Thedesignfactor，shallbeinaccordancewiththerequirementsofArticle4.3.3ofthiscode.

ⅡAllowablestressandallowablestrainofpipe

4.3.9Theallowablestressofthepipelaminatesshallbetheelasticitymodulusmultipliedbythe

allowablestrain.Theelasticitymodulusshallbedeterminedinaccordancewiththerequirementsof

Article4.3.2ofthiscode.Theallowablestrainshallbedeterminedbyspecifiedvaluemethodorlong

-

termperformancetestmethod.Theallowablestressshallbedeterminedinaccordancewiththe

followingrequirements：

1WhentheallowablestrainisdeterminedbySpecifiedValuemethod，andtheloadconditionsare

occasionalshorttermloadsnotincludingthehydrostatictestloadandSustainedloadsincludingthe

-

thermalexpansionload，theallowablestressshallbetakenthevaluecalculatedinthisarticle；

WhentheallowablestrainisdeterminedbyLongtermPerformanceTestmethod，andtheload

2-

conditionsareSustainedloadsnotincludingthethermalexpansionload，theallowablestressshallbe

takenthevaluecalculatedinthisarticle；

WhentheallowablestrainisdeterminedbyLongtermPerformanceTestmethod，andtheload

3-

conditionsareSustainedloadsincludingthethermalexpansionload，theallowablestressshallbethe

valuecalculatedinthisarticletimes125%；水印

WhentheallowablestrainisdeterminedbyLongtermPerformanceTestmethod，andtheload

4-

conditionsareOccasionalshorttermloadsandSustainedloadsnotincludingthethermalexpansion

-

load，theallowablestressshallbethevaluecalculatedinthisarticletimes133%.

4.3.10WhenusingSpecifiedValuemethod，theallowablestrainofthelaminateunderchemical

conditionsandtemperatureconditionsshallbedeterminedinaccordancewiththefollowing

requirements：

1Theclassificationofchemicalconditionsshallbedeterminedaccordingtothelossinflexural

strengthoftheimmersednonstressedspecimenunderthesetchemicalenvironment，andshallbein

-

accordancewiththefollowingrequirements：

1）Thethicknessofthespecimenshallbe4mm—6mm，itshallbesubjectedtoacureschedule

simulatingthattobeusedforthefinishedpipe，andshallbeimmersedfor6monthsatthe

designtemperature；

2）ChemicalconditionsⅠ：thisconditionapplieswhenthelossinflexuralstrengthislessthan

20%ofthe人人文庫originalvalue；

3）ChemicalconditionsⅡ：thisconditionapplieswhenthelossinflexuralstrengthismorethan

20%butlessthan50%oftheoriginalvalue；

4）Ifthelossofflexuralstrengthisgreaterthan50%oftheoriginalvalue，thenthematrixfibre

systemshallbedeemedunsuitableandnotused.

2Theclassificationoftemperatureconditionsshallbedeterminedbythedifferencebetweenthe

heatdistortiontemperatureHDToftheresinandthedesigntemperatureandshallbeinaccordancewith

thefollowingrequirements：

1）TemperatureconditionⅠ，thedesigntemperatureshallbeatleast40℃belowHDT；

2）TemperatureconditionⅡ，thedesigntemperatureshallbeatleast20℃belowbutnotmore

·15·

than40℃belowHDT.

3Whenthechemicalenvironmentandtemperatureconditionsaredetermined，intermsof

temperatureandchemicalconditionclassifications，strainclassratingsshallbeselectedaccordingto

thosespecifiedinTable4.3.101.

-

Table4.3.10-1Temperatureandchemicalconditionclassificationscorrespondingstrainclassratings

Temperaturecondition

Chemicalcondition

ⅠⅡ

ⅠLevel1Level2

ⅡLevel3Level4

4Whenstrainclassratingsaredetermined，allowablestrainshallbeselectedaccordingtothose

specifiedinTable4.3.102.

-

Table4.3.10-2Strainclassratingsandallowablestrain

StrainclassratingsAllowablestrain

Class10.0018

Class20.0015

Class30.0012

Class40.0009

5Forpipesmanufacturedusingfilamentwoundatanyanglebetween±15°and±75°，the

anisotropicelasticanalysisshallbecarriedouttoconfirmthattheallowable水印strainisnotexceeded.

Withoutsuchananalysistheallowablestrainshallbenogreaterthan0.0009.

WhenusingtheLongtermPerformanceTestmethod，thetestshallcomplywiththerelevant

4.3.11-

requirementofthecurrentnationalstandardGB/T21238GlassFibreReinforcedPlasticsMortar

Pipes，theendofthespecimenshallbeafreeendclosure，andtheallowablestrainincircumferential

directionshallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformula：

pD

ε=97.5i（4.3.11）

d2·

KXlam

where

Allowablestrainvaluesatdesignlife

εd—；

D—Pipespecimeninternaldiameterforlongtermperformancetesting（mm）；

i-

The97.5%lowerconfidencelimitoftheinternalpressuretoproducefailureatthedesignlife

p97.5—

（MPa）；

Laminateunittensilestiffnessofthespecimen.Whenthereisnosuchvaluethespecimencan

Xlam—，

beablated人人文庫accordingtothecurrentnationalstandardGB/T2577TestMethodforResin

ContentofGlassFibreReinforcedPlastics，andthefibremassperunitareaandtheplyscheme

ofeachspecimenareobtained.TheaveragevalueisthencalculatedaccordingtotheFormula

（4.3.21）ofthiscode；

-

K—Designfactor，whichshallnotbelessthan1.5.

4.3.12Whenthenumberofcyclesoffatigueloadisgreaterthan1000orthestressrangeofstress

cyclesisgreaterthan20%oftheallowablestress，theallowablestrainvalueeitherselectedinTable

4.3.102orcalculatedaccordingtoFormula（4.3.11）ofthiscodeshallalsobedividedbythefatigue

-

correctionfactorshallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformula

Kn，Kn：

=1+0.25（）［Log（）-3］4.3.12

KnAσσn10n（）

·16·

where

Fatiguecorrectionfactor

Kn—；

n—Numberofstresscyclesduringdesignlife；

Stressrangeduringafatiguecycle

Aσ—；

Maximumstressduringafatiguecycle.

σn—

4.3.13Theallowablestrainofthepipelaminateshalllessthan10%oftheresinfracturestrain.

Whenthelongtermperformancetestmethodisusedtodeterminetheallowablestrainvalueof

4.3.14-

thelaminate，andthentheallowablestressvalueiscalculated，thesimplifiedfailureenvelopecalculation

andfailuredeterminationofthepipelineandfittingsshallbeinaccordancewiththefollowing

requirements：

1TheshorttermcircumferentialfailurestressσandlongtermregressionratioRcanbe

-sh-

obtainedbythelongtermperformancetestmethod，andtheaxialtensilestrengthvalueσcanbe

-sa

obtainedaccordingtothecurrentnationalstandardGB/T5349

Fibre-ReinforcedThermosettingPlastic

，andthebiaxialstressratioshall

CompositesPipe-DeterminationofLongitudinalTensilePropertiesR

becalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformulas：

pD

σ=6，97.5%LCLi（4.3.141）

sh2t-

R=p/p（4.3.142）

L，97.5%LCL6，97.5%LCL-

r=2σ/σ（4.3.143）

sash水印-

where

σ—Shorttermcircumferentialfailurestressobtainedbythelongtermperformancetestmethod

sh--

（MPa）；

σ—Shorttermaxialtensilestrengthvalue（MPa），whichcanbemeasuredaccordingtothe

sa-

currentnationalstandardGB/T5349

Fibre-ReinforcedThermosettingPlasticComposites

；

Pipe-DeterminationofLongitudinalTensileProperties

—Pipespecimenstructuralwallthicknessforthelongtermperformancetesting（mm）；

t-

—Longtermregressionratio（%）；

R-

97.5%lowerconfidencelimitoftheinternalpressuretoproducefailureatthedesignlife

pL，97.5%LCL—

（MPa）；

—97.5%lowerconfidencelimitoftheinternalpressuretoproducefailureat6minbythe

p6，97.5%LCL

extrapolationcurve（MPa）；

—Biaxialstressratio，whichmaybecalculatedaccordingtoFormula（4.3.143）.Whennodata，

r-

thedefault人人文庫biaxialstressratioofthecomponentcanbeselectedaccordingtothosespecified

inTable4.3.14.

Table4.3.14Thedefaultbiaxialstressratio

ComponentDefaultbiaxialstressratio

55°filamentwoundpipe0.50

Filamentwoundfittings，primarilyhoopwinding0.45

Laminatedfittingswithbidirectionalreinforcement1.90

Adhesivebondedjoints1.00

Laminatedjointswithbidirectionalreinforcement2.00

·17·

2Thecalculationofthesimplifiedfailureenvelopeshallincludethecircumferentialallowable

stressandtheallowableaxialstressofthepureinternalpressurestate（2∶1），theallowableaxialstressof

thepureaxialtensilestate（0∶1），andtheyshallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformulas：

σ=R×σ/K（4.3.144）

ah（2:1）sh-

σ=σ/2（4.3.145）

al（2:1）ah（2:1）-

σ=r×σ/2（4.3.146）

al（0:1）ah（2:1）-

where

Circumferentialallowablestressofthepureinternalpressurestate21MPa

σah（2:1）—（∶）（）；

（2:1）Allowableaxialstressofthepureinternalpressurestate21MPa

σal—（∶）（）；

（0:1）Allowableaxialstressofthepureaxialtensilestate01MPa

σal—（∶）（）；

K—Designfactor，shallnotbelessthan1.5.

ThethreestressvaluescalculatedbytheFormula（4.3.144）toFormula（4.3.146）shallbe

3--

connectedtothefoldlinewhichisthesimplifythefailureenvelope（Figure4.3.14）.Thesafetyofthe

pipelineshallbedeterminedbywhetherthecalculatedvaluesofaxialandcircumferentialstressare

withinthesimplifiedfailureenvelope.

水印

Figure4.3.14Simplifieddiagram

1—Failureenvelope

人人文庫

·18·

5Equipmentdesign

5.1Generalrequirements

5.1.1Designpressureofequipmentshallbedeterminedinaccordancewiththefollowing

requirements：

1Thedesignpressureoftheequipmentsubjectedtointernalpressureshallbethemaximumset

pressureatthetopoftheequipment，consideringcorrespondingdesigntemperature，andthevalueshall

notbelowerthantheworkingpressure；

2Thedesignpressureoftheexternalpressureequipmentshallbenotlessthanthemaximum

internalandexternalpressuredifferencegeneratedatanytimeduringnormalworking，andshallnot

exceed0.1MPa；

3Thedesignpressureofthevacuumequipmentshallbe0.1MPa.

5.1.2Thedesignpressureusedinthecalculationsfortheequipmentshallbethepressureusedto

determinethethicknessoftheequipmentcomponentsatthecorrespondingdesigntemperatureandshall

includeadditionalloadssuchasliquidcolumnpressure.

5.1.3Theequipmentdesigntemperatureshallbethehighestorlowest水印operatingtemperatureofthe

equipmentsetundernormalworkingconditions.

5.1.4Theequipmentdesignshallincludethecalculationofthestrengthofcylindersandheads，the

secondarybonding，cutoutsandcompensation，theconnectionstructureofbranchesandother

-

components，boltconnection，saddleandthesupportstructures.

5.1.5Theequipmentdesigncanadoptruledesignmethod，analysisdesignmethod，andtest

verificationdesignmethod.Forruledesignmethodandanalyticaldesignmethod，thedesignfactorshall

notbelessthan6.0，andthebucklingfactorshallnotbelessthan4.0.Fortestverificationdesign

method，thefailurepressureshallnotbelessthan6timesthedesignpressure.

5.1.6Thelayeringdesignoftheequipmentshallincludethetypeoffibreandproduct，theresinsystem

andmixratio，theorder，directionandnumberoflayers，theformingandcuringprocess，theresinorfibre

contentandtolerance.

5.1.7Thewalloftheequipmentconsistsofalining，astructurallayerandanoutersurface，andshallbe

inaccordancewiththefollowingrequirements：

1Thelining人人文庫shallbecomposedoftheinnersurfacelayerandthebarrierlayer，andthethickness

shallnotbelessthan2.5mm，andshallbeinaccordancewiththefollowingrequirements：

1）Theinnersurfacelayershallbemadeofsurfaceveil，theresincontentshallbegreaterthan

85%，andthethicknessshallnotbelessthan0.3mm；

2）Thebarrierlayershouldbechoppedstrandmat，wovenfabrics，andgunroving.Theresin

contentshallnotbelowerthan65%.

2Thestructurallayermaybeacombinationofsingleorseveralreinforcingmaterialssuchas

windingfilament，choppedstrandmat，wovenfabrics，gunroving，wovenroving，etc.，whichmaybe

formedbywinding，sprayingandhandlayup，andshallbeinaccordancewiththefollowing

-

requirements：

·19·

1）Thethicknessofthestructurallayershallbedeterminedbycalculation；

2）Whenthestructurallayerismadeofglassfibre，itscontentshallmeettherequirementof

Article4.3.1（4）ofthiscode.

3Thedesignoftheoutersurfaceshallbeinaccordancewiththefollowingrequirements：

1）Incorrosiveenvironment，thesurfaceveilshallbeusedandtheresincontentshallnotbelower

than85%；

2）WhenrequiredtopreventUV，theresinusedshallbeaddedwithUVabsorbent；

）Theoutermostlayeroftheoutersurfacelayershallbeairresistantresinorgelcoatresin；

3-

4）Thethicknessoftheoutersurfacelayershouldnotbelessthan0.3mm.

5.1.8Thethicknessoftheliningandtheoutersurfaceshallnotbeincludedinstrengthcalculation；the

totalthicknessshallbeusedincalculatingtheexternalpressurestabilityandtheselfweightload.

-

5.1.9Whenthesteelannularsupportisbondedtothehousingtoformarigidsupport，theoperating

temperatureoftheequipmentshouldnotbemorethan60℃.

5.2Loadandaction

5.2.1Thedesignloadoftheequipmentshallincludethefollowingcontents：

1Internalpressure，externalpressureormaximumpressuredifference；

2Hydrostaticpressureunderworkingandtestingconditions；

3Theweightoftheinternals，packingandequipment，thegravity水印loadoftheinternalmedium

undernormalworkingconditionsorpressuretest；

4Auxiliaryequipmentandthermalinsulationmaterials，linings，pipes，escalators，platform

gravityloads；

5Windload，seismicloadandsnowload；

6Eccentricload；

7Partialload；

8Impactload；

9Forcecausedbytemperaturegradientorthermalexpansion；

10Theloadgeneratedduringtheinstallationandoperationofpersonnelcanbecalculated

accordingtotheuniformlydistributedloadof1.5kN/m2；

Othershorttermloads.

11-

5.2.2Windloads，seismicloadsandsnowloadsshallbeinaccordancewiththefollowing

requirements：

1Thebasic人人文庫windpressurevalueofeachregionmaybedeterminedaccordingtotheNational

BasicWindPressureDistributionMaporthelocalmeteorologicaldepartmentdata，andshallnotbe

lowerthantherelevantprovisionsofthecurrentnationalstandardGB50009LoadCodefortheDesign

ofBuildingStructures，andshallnotbelessthan300N/m2；

2Seismicfortificationintensityshallincludedesignseismicgroupingandseismicacceleration，

andshallbedeterminedaccordingtolocalmeteorologicaldata，andshallnotbelowerthantherelevant

provisionsofthecurrentnationalstandardGB50011CodeforSeismicDesignofBuildings；

3ThesnowloadshallmeettherelevantrequirementsofthecurrentnationalstandardGB50009

LoadCodefortheDesignofBuildingStructures.

5.2.3Thelocalloadshallincludethereactionforceofthesupport，thelugsandotheraccessorieson

·20·

thelocalareaoftheequipmenthousing，andtheconnectionloadsgeneratedbythepipes，valvesand

othercontainercomponents.

5.2.4Theimpactloadshallincludetheimpactloadcausedbythesuddenfluctuationofthepressure，

thereactionforcecausedbythefluidimpact，andtheadditionalloadgeneratedduringtransportationand

lifting.

Shorttermloadsshallincludewindloads，snowloads，seismicloads，personnelloads，and

5.2.5-

installationloads.

5.2.6Thevariousloadsontheequipmentshallbethemostunfavorablecombinationofinstallation，

hydrostatictest，normalworkingconditionsandabnormalworkingconditions.Thecombinationofloads

canbedeterminedaccordingtospecifiedinTable5.2.6.

Table5.2.6Combinationofloads

EquipmentstatusDesignload①

Weightofemptyequipment

Liftingload

Installation

Accessorygravity

Loadgeneratedduringinstallationandoperation

Weightofemptyequipment

Testpressure

Hydrostaticpressureduringtesting水印

PressuretestWindload

Partialload

Eccentricload

Attachmentgravityload

Internalpressure，externalpressureormaximumpressuredifference

Gravityloadofthemedium

Equipmentemptyweight

Snowload

Eccentricload

Localloadsactingonsupports，lugsandotheraccessories

NormalworkImpactload

Loadcausedbytemperaturegradientordifferentamountofthermal

expansion

Loadgeneratedbytheoperatorduringinstallationandoperation

Attachmentgravityload

人人文庫Windload②

Seismicload+25%windload②

Loadduringnormaloperation，atypeofoverloadthatmayoccurwhen

Abnormalwork

workisstarted，stopped，orinterrupted

Notes：①Accordingtothespecificstateoftheequipment，theloadcombinationinthetablecanbeaddedordeletedduringthedesign.

②Takethelargerof"windload"and"seismicload+25%windload".

5.3Structuralcalculation

5.3.1Forfibrereinforcedplasticequipment，structuralcalculationsshallbemadeforcylinders，conical

shells，conicalheads，convexheads，flatplates，flangesandgroundanchorelements.

·21·

5.3.2Theloadcalculationofthecylinderunderinternalpressureshallbeinaccordancewiththe

followingrequirements：

1Themaximumcircumferentialunitloadshallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowing

formulas：

D

q=p×（5.3.21）

ΦD2-

p=PS+PH（5.3.22）

D-

where

MaximumcircumferentialunitloadN/mm

qΦ—（）；

DesignpressureusedinthecalculationsMPa

pD—（）；

D—Insidediameterofequipment（mm）；

PS—Maximumallowablepressure（MPa）；

PH—Staticpressureoftheliquidcolumn（MPa）.

Thecircumferentialloadbearingcapacityofcylindricallaminatesshallsatisfythefollowing

formula：

q≤［q］（5.3.23）

ΦΦ-

where

［］CircumferentialallowableunitloadoflaminatesofthecylinderunderinternalpressureN/

qΦ—（

mm）.水印

2Combinedaxialloadsshallbecalculatedinaccordancewiththefollowingrequirements：

1）Theaxialunitloadcausedbyinternalpressureshallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowing

formulas：

D

q=p×（5.3.24）

x，pD4-

P

p=PS+e（5.3.25）

D-

K4

P

p=PS+e（5.3.26）

D-

K4

where

AxialunitloadcausedbyinternalpressureN/mm

qx，p—（）；

DesignpressureusedinthecalculationsMPawhenthecylinderisundercompressionit

pD—（）；，

shallbecalculatedaccordingtoFormula（5.3.25）；whenthecylinderisundertension，itshall

-

becalculatedaccordingtoFormula（5.3.26）；

人人文庫-

P—Shorttermpressureload（MPa）；

e-

K—Thepartialdesignfactorrelatingtothelongtermperformanceoflaminatesshallbein

4-

accordancewithTable4.3.7.

2）Theaxialunitloadresultingfromthebendingmomentcausedbywind，snoworseismicload

shallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformulas：

4M

q=D（5.3.27）

x，mπ×D2-

M

M=M+e（5.3.28）

D-

K4

·22·

M

M=M+e（5.3.29）

D-

K4

where

AxialunitloadduetobendingmomentscausedbywindsnowloadsorseismicloadsN/mm

qx，m—，（）；

BendingmomentincalculationNmmwhenthecylinderisundercompressionitshallbe

MD—（·）；，

calculatedaccordingtoFormula（5.3.25）；whenthecylinderisundertension，itshallbe

-

calculatedaccordingtoFormula（5.3.26）；

-

M—Bendingmoment（N·mm）；

M—Shorttermmomentload（N·mm）.

e-

3）Axialunitloadcausedbydeadweightofequipment，mediumweightandadditionalload

generatedbymaintenanceshouldbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformulas：

W

q=D（5.3.210）

x，wπ×D-

W

W=W+e（5.3.211）

D-

K4

W

W=W+e（5.3.212）

D-

K4

where

q—Axialunitloadcausedbydeadweightofequipment，mediumweightandadditionalload

x，w水印

generatedbymaintenance（N/mm）；

WeightusedincalculationsNwhenthecylinderisundercompressionitshallbe

WD—（）：，

calculatedaccordingtotheFormula（5.3.211）；whenthecylinderisundertension，itshallbe

-

calculatedaccordingtotheFormula（5.3.212）；

-

W—Weight（N）；

W—Shorttermweight（N）.

e-

ThecombinedaxialunitloadshallbethesumofthevaluesofFormula（5.3.24），F(xiàn)ormula（5.3.27）

--

andFormula（5.3.210），consideringdirectionofload.

-

4）Theaxialloadoftheshellshallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformula：

q=q+q-q（5.3.213）

x，cx，Mx，wx，p-

where

AxialunitloadofcylinderundercompressionN/mm

qx，c—（）；

AxialunitloadduetobendingmomentN/mm

qx，M—（）；

q—Axialunitloadduetopressure（N/mm）；

x，p人人文庫

Axialunitloadabovethepointcausedbytheweightoftheequipmentandmediumand

qx，w—，

additionalloadofmaintenance（N/mm）.

5）Axialunitload（N/mm）ofcylinderundertensionshallbecalculatedaccordingtothe

followingformula：

q=q+q+q（5.3.214）

xx，px，Mx，w-

where

AxialunitloadofcylinderundertensionN/mm

qx—（）；

Axialunitloadbelowthepointcausedbytheweightoftheequipmentandmediumand

qx，w—，

additionalloadofmaintenance（N/mm）；

·23·

Theaxialcompressiveloadoflaminatesofthecylindeshallsatisfytherequirementsof

6）qx，c

Article5.3.3ofthiscode，andtheaxialtensileloadbearingcapacityofthelaminateshall

satisfythefollowingformula：

［q］≤［q］（5.3.215）

xx-

where

［］Theaxialtensileallowableunitloadofthelaminateofthecylinderunderinternalpressure

qx—

（N/mm）.

5.3.3Theloadcalculationforthecylinderunderexternalpressureshallbeinaccordancewiththe

followingrequirements；

1Theaxialcompressioncriticalbucklingloadofthecylindershallbecalculatedaccordingtothe

followingformulas：

t2

u=k×E×E×（5.3.31）

cφbxD-

0.84

=（5.3.32）

k-

D

1+

200×t

d

co≤3.5（5.3.33）

-

D×t

2水印

0.78

=（5.3.34）

k-

D

1+

200×t

d

co＞3.5（5.3.35）

-

D×t

2

0.54

=（5.3.36）

k-

D

1+

200×t

where

AxialcompressivebucklingunitloadforthecylindricalshellN/mm

uc—（）；

FlexuralmodulusincircumferentialdirectionMPa

Eφb—（）；

FlexuralmodulusinaxialdirectionMPa

Ex—（）；

t—Shellthickness（mm）；

D—Innerdiameter人人文庫oftheequipment（mm）；

—Factorincalculations：forshellswithoutcutouts，iscalculatedaccordingtoFormula（5.3.32）；

k-k-

forshellswithwithcutoutsorskirtsupports，whentheFormula（5.3.33）issatisfied，is

--k

calculatedaccordingtoFormula（5.3.34）；whentheFormula（5.3.35）issatisfied，shallbe

--k

calculatedaccordingtoFormula（5.3.36）；

-

d—Diameterofthecutout（mm）.

co-

Theaxialbearingcapacityofthelaminateofthecylindershouldmeetthefollowingformula：

u

c≥（5.3.37）

F-

qx，c

where

·24·

F—Bucklingsafetyfactor；

AxialcompressionunitloadofthecylinderN/mm.

qx，c—（）

2Thecriticalcircumferentialbucklingpressureofcylindersubjecttoexternalpressureshallbe

calculatedaccordingtothefollowingformulas：

Whenusingtheshortcylinderwith≤6itshallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowing

1）LsD，

formula：

Dt2.5

=2.4×（3×）0.25××（）5.3.38

pcEφbEx（-）

LsD

Whenusingthelongcylinderwith＞6itshallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowing

2）LsD，

formula：

=2.1××（/）35.3.39

pcEφbtD（-）

where

CriticalcircumferentialbucklingpressureofcylindersubjecttoexternalpressureMPa

pc—（）；

Calculatedlengthmmwhichshallbethedistancebetweentwoadjacentsupportlinesonthe

Ls—（），

cylinder.Whenthereisnostiffeningringonthecylinder，thetotallengthofthecylindershall

betakenplus1/3ofthedepthofeachconvexheadsurface（Figure5.3.31）；whenthereisa

-

stiffeningringonthecylinder，themaximumdistancebetweenthecenterlinesoftwoadjacent

stiffeningringsshallbetaken（Figure5.3.32）；whenthereisastiffeningringonthecylinder，

-

takethecenterofthefirststiffeningringofthecylinder.Thedistance水印betweenthelineandthe

tangentoftheconvexheadis1/3oftheconvexsurfaceoftheconvexhead（Figure5.3.32）；

-

whenthecylinderisconnectedtotheconeshellandthejointcanbeusedasthesupportline，

themaximumdistancebetweenthejointandtheadjacentsupportlineisthecalculatedlength

oftheconesection（Figure5.3.33）.

-

Thecircumferentialcompressionbearingcapacityoflaminateofthecylindershouldmeetthe

followingformula：

p

c≥F（5.3.3-10）

pD

人人文庫

Figure5.3.31ThecalculatedlengthoftheFigure5.3.32Thecalculatedlengthofthe

--

cylinderwithoutstiffeningringcylinderwithstiffeningring

1—Tangentpoint1—Tangentpoint；2—Centerlineofstiffeningring

3Thecombinedaxialandradialloadsshallsatisfythefollowingformula：

×1.25×1.25

?qx，cF??pDF?

?÷+?÷≤1（5.3.3-11）

èuc?èpc?

where

TheaxialunitloadN/mmofthecylinderundercompressionshallbecalculatedaccording

qx，c—（）

totheFormula（5.3.213）；

-

·25·

Figure5.3.33Calculatedlengthoftheconeshellwhenthecylinderisconnectedtothecone

-

1—Tangentpoint；2—Centerlineofstiffeningring

ThebucklingloadN/mmoftheaxialcompressionunitofthecylindershallbecalculated

uc—（）

accordingtotheFormula（5.3.31）；

-

CriticalcircumferentialbucklingpressureofcylinderssubjecttoexternalpressureMPa.

pc—（）

4Whenusingamethodwithinternalorexternalstiffeningringstoshortenthecalculatedlength

ofthecylindertoathinnercylinderthicknessthanthatofthesecondparagraphofthisarticle，the

calculationofthecriticalbucklingpressureshallbeinaccordancewiththefollowingrequirements：

1）Thetotalcriticalbucklingpressureshallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformulas：

42

0.252×tλ8×（m-1）×E×I

=（3×）×c×+ss5.3.312

pcEφbEx（）

2×3-

D?λ?2LsDs

222

?m-1+÷×（m+λ）

è2?水印

π×D

λ=（5.3.313）

2-

2×（L+h）

s3

where

TotalcriticalbucklingpressureMPatheminimumvalueshallbefoundafterthetrial

pc—（），

calculationwithm=2，3，etc.；

CircumferentialflexuralmodulusofcylinderMPa

Eφb—（）；

AxialflexuralmodulusofcylinderMPa

Ex—（）；

m—Circumferentialbucklingwavenumber；

CircumferentialbendingmodulusofthestiffeningringMPa

Es—（）；

Momentofinertiaofthestiffeningringmm4

Is—（）；

Distancebetweenthetwostiffeningringsmmwhenthedistancebetweenthestiffeningrings

Ls—（）；

isnotequidistant，theaveragevalueofthestiffeningringspacingshallbetaken；

t—Minimumshellthicknesst（Figure5.4.34）ort（Figure5.3.35）ofthecylinderinareaofthe

c人人文庫c1c2

--

stiffeningring；

λ—Parameteroftheshell.

Thecircumferentialbearingcapacityofacylindricalshellwithinternalorexternalstiffeningrings

shallsatisfythefollowingformula：

p

c≥F（5.3.3-14）

pD

Whenisgreaterthan20orthecontributionfromtheshellisignoredthestiffeningring

2）LsD，

stiffnessshallmeetthefollowingformula：

·26·

p×L×D3×F

E×I≥Dss（5.3.315）

ss24-

where

Neutralaxisdiameterofstiffeningringmm.

Ds—（）

3）ThesizeofthesolidstiffeningringmaybedeterminedaccordingtothosespecifiedinFigure

5.3.34.Theeffectivewidthofthecylinderusedinthecalculationshallsatisfythefollowing

-L

formulas：

L=b+1.15×D×t（5.3.316）

sc-

5t≤b≤20t（5.3.317）

css-

1.5t≤t≤4b（5.3.318）

css-

b≤300mm（5.3.319）

s-

where

StiffeningringouteredgewidthmmthevalueshallmeettherequirementsofFormula

bs—（），

（5.3.317），F(xiàn)ormula（5.3.318），andFormula（5.3.319）.

---

Figure5.3.34Solidstiffeningring水印

-

4）Holloworcoveredstiffeningringconfiguration，whencalculatedaccordingtoFormula

（5.3.312），itsbasicsizeshallbedeterminedaccordingtoFigure5.3.35：

--

Figure5.3.35Holloworcoveredstiffeningring

-

1FillerfoamoropenAveragethickness

—（）；tc—

5Thestiffeningringshallbecircledaroundthecircumferenceofthecylinderandshouldbe

tightlybonded.

Thedesignoftheconicalshellandconicalhead（Figure5.3.41，F(xiàn)igure5.3.42）shallbein

5.3.4--

accordancewiththefollowingrequirements：

1Theknuckleradiusshallnotbelessthan0.06timesthediameterofthecylinderatthejoint；

2Whenthe人人文庫pressureis-600Pa—+6500Pa，thenonfoldingstructuremaybeadopted；

-

Figure5.3.41ConicalshellwithknuckleFigure5.3.42Conicalshellwithoutknuckle

--

·27·

3Whenthepressureisgreaterthan+6500Paorlessthanorequalto-600Pa，theflanged

structureshallbeadopted，andtheconeapexangleshallnotbegreaterthan150°；

4Conicalheadswithaconeanglegreaterthan150°shallbedesignedinaccordancewiththeflat

coverandshallbecalculatedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle5.3.20andArticle5.3.22to

Article5.3.24ofthiscode；

5Thelengthofstressconcentrationattenuationonthecylindricalandconicalshellsinthe

knuckleareashallbecalculatedasfollows：

D×t

L=k（5.3.4）

ccosφ

where

Lengthofstressconcentrationattenuationmm

Lc—（）；

Thicknessontheconicalshellmm

tk—（）；

φ—Halfconeangle.

5.3.5Theconicalshellloaddesignsubjecttointernalpressureshallbeinaccordancewiththe

followingrequirements：

1Thecircumferentialunitloadofconesubjecttointernalpressureshallbecalculatedaccording

tothefollowingformula：

p×D

φDk水印

q=（5.3.51）

2cosφ-

where

qφ—Maximumcircumferentialunitloads（N/mm）；

φ—Halftheangleattheapexofthecone；

Calculatethediameterofthecirclemm.

Dk—（）

Thecircumferentialloadbearingcapacityoftheconesubjectedtointernalpressureshallsatisfythe

followingformula：

φ≤［φ］（5.3.52）

qq-

where

［qφ］—Circumferentialallowableunitloadofthecone（N/mm）.

2Attheknuckearea，theaxialunitloadoftheconesubjecttointernalpressureshallbecalculated

accordingtothefollowingformulas：

）Axialunitloadofaconicalshellwithknuckle（Figure5.3.41）underinternalpressureshallbe

1人人文庫-

calculatedaccordingtothefollowingformula：

p×D×K

q=Dkc1（5.3.53）

x12-

where

AxialunitloadofconicalshellwithknuckleN/mm

qx1—（）；

Thestressconcentrationfactorforconicalshellwithknuckleshallbeaccordingtothose

Kc1—

specifiedinTable5.3.51.

-

Theaxialunitloadoftheconicalshellwithknuckleshallsatisfythefollowingformula：

q≤［q］（5.3.54）

x1x-

·28·

Table5.3.51StressconcentrationfactorKofconicalshellwithknuckle

-c1

Angle

rφ

D10°20°30°45°60°75°

0.061.572.182.553.224.16.28

0.081.522.022.342.743.515.53

0.101.461.862.132.262.934.79

0.151.331.461.461.531.933.59

0.201.061.201.201.261.532.79

0.301.001.061.131.201.331.86

where

［］Axialallowableunitloadofthelaminateformingthewallthicknessoftheconicalshellwith

qx—

knuckle（N/mm）.

2）Theaxialunitloadoftheconicalshellwallthicknesssubjecttointernalpressurewithout

knuckle（Figure5.3.42）shallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformula：

-

p×D×K

q=Dkc2（5.3.55）

x22-

where

AxialunitloadofconicalshellwithoutknuckleN/mm

qx2—（）；

Stressconcentrationfactorofconicalshellswithoutknuckle水印shallbetakenasspecifiedin

Kc2—

Table5.3.52.

-

Table5.3.52StressconcentrationfactorKofconeshellwithoutknuckle

-c2

Angleφ

tk

D15°30°45°60°

0.0022.945.628.9013.6

0.0052.053.705.808.70

0.0101.602.754.126.30

0.0201.242.003.004.40

0.0401.001.552.203.20

0.0501.001.452.002.75

Theaxialelementloadofthewallthicknessoftheconicalshellwithoutknuckleshallsatisfythe

followingformula：

q≤［q］（5.3.56）

人人文庫x2x-

where

［］AxialunitloadofaconicalshellwithoutknuckleN/mm.

qx—（）

5.3.6Theconicalshellloaddesignsubjecttoexternalpressureshallbeinaccordancewiththe

followingrequirements：

1Thestrengthoftheconesubjecttoexternalpressureshallmeetthecircumferentialunitload

bearingcapacityrequiredbyFormula（5.3.52）.

-

2Theradialstabilityoftheconesubjecttoexternalpressureshallbecalculatedaccordingtothe

followingformulas：

When≤6thecriticalradialbucklingpressureshallbecalculatedaccordingtothe

1）LDm，

·29·

followingformula：

×cos2.5

4Dm?tφ?

p=2.40×E3×E××?÷（5.3.61）

cφbx×cos-

LsφèDm?

H

L=（5.3.62）

scosφ-

D+D

D=12（5.3.63）

m2-

When＞6thecriticalradialbucklingpressureshallbecalculatedaccordingtothe

2）LDm，

followingformula：

3

?t×cosφ?

p=2.1E×?÷（5.3.64）

cφb-

èDm?

where

CriticalradialbucklingpressureMPa

pc—（）；

L—Effectivelengthofconicalshellordistancebetweenribs（mm）（Figure5.3.33）；

s-

Averagediameterofthetapermm.

Dm—（）

Theradialstabilityoftheconicalshellsubjecttoexternalpressureshallsatisfythefollowing

formula：

p

c≥F（5.3.65）

p-

D水印

3Theaxialcriticalcompressiveloadoftheconicalsubjecttoexternalpressure（Figure5.3.6）

shallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformulas：

t2×cosφ

u=k×E×E×（5.3.66）

cφbx-

Dm

0.84

=（5.3.67）

k-

D

1+m

200×t×cosφ

NN

q=x1q=x2（5.3.68）

1π×2π×-

D1D2

where

CriticalaxialunitcompressionloadN/mm

uc—（）；

k—Coefficient；

ThegeometricalchangeoftheconicalshellunderexternalpressureFigure5.3.6andtheaxial

q1，q2—（）

pressureoftheelementundertheactionofaxialforceNandN（N/mm）.

人人文庫x1x2

Figure5.3.6Conicalshellunderexternalpressure

Theaxialcompressionloadoftheconicalshellsubjecttoexternalpressureshallsatisfythe

followingformula：

·30·

u

c≥（5.3.69）

F-

qx

where

AxialunitcompressionloadofconeshellsubjecttoexternalpressureN/mm.

qx—（）

4Thecombinedaxialandradialunitcompressiveloadsshallsatisfythefollowingformula：

1.251.25

?q×F??p×F?

x+D≤1（5.3.610）

?÷?÷-

èuc?èpc?

where

CriticalradialunitbucklingpressureN/mm

pc—（）；

AxialunitcompressionloadN/mm.

uc—（）

5.3.7Theaxialunitloadcalculationsubjecttointernalpressureconicalhead（Figure5.3.7）shallbein

accordancewiththefollowingrequirements：

Figure5.3.7Conicalhead

r

1Whentheapexangleofthehalfconeis60°—75°，and0≤≤水印0.1，theaxialelementloadof

D

thelaminateatthecornershallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformulas：

1+

1?D?βb

q=α×p××?÷×t（5.3.71）

xbDsin×cosk-

φφètk?

r2r

α=-64×（）+7.6×（）+0.13（5.3.72）

bDD-

r2r

β=51.6×（）-8.18×（）+0.52（5.3.73）

bDD-

where

AxialunitloadoflaminateatcornerN/mm

qx—（）；

Structuralfeaturecoefficient

αb—；

Structuralfeaturecoefficient.

βb—

Theaxialunitloadofthelaminatesubjecttointernalpressureconicalheadatthecornershallmeet

thefollowingformula人人文庫：

q≤［q］（5.3.74）

xx-

where

［］Forminganaxiallypermittedunitloadofthelaminateatthecornersubjecttointernalpressure

qx—

conicalhead（N/mm）.

r

2Whenthehalfconeangleisnotintherangeof60°—75°，andshallbeintherangeof0≤≤

D

0.1，itshallbedesignedaccordingtotheflatcover.

5.3.8Thecriticalradialbucklingpressureoftheconicalheadsubjecttoexternalpressureshallbe

calculatedaccordingtothefollowingformula：

·31·

t2.5

p=13.58×E×sinφ×（cosφ）1.5×（）（5.3.81）

cbD-

where

CriticalradialbucklingpressureMPa

pc—（）；

FlexuralmodulusofconicalheadstructureMPa.

Eb—（）

Thestabilitychecksubjecttoexternalpressureconicalheadshallmeetthefollowingformula：

p

c≥（5.3.82）

F-

pD

Theconvexheadshallincludeahemisphericalhead（Figure5.3.91）andanellipticalordished

5.3.9-

head（Figure5.3.92）.Whenanellipticalordishshapedheadisused，theinnerradiusofthespherical

--

portionoftheheadshallbe0.8D≤R＜D，andtheinnerradiusofthecorneroftheheadshallbe

0.1D≤r＜0.25D.

Figure5.3.91HemisphericalheadFigure5.3.92水印Ovalheadanddishshapedhead

---

5.3.10Theunitloadcalculationoftheconvexheadsubjecttointernalpressureshallbeinaccordance

withthefollowingrequirements：

1Theunitloadoftheovalheadandthecornerofthedishheadshallbecalculatedaccordingto

thefollowingformula：

p×D×K

q=Dd（5.3.101）

k，p2-

where

UnitloadinthecornerareaoftheovalheadandthedishheadN/mm

qk，p—（）；

K—Concentrationfactoratthecornersoftheellipticalheadandthebutterflyheadshallbe

d

checkedinaccordancewithTable5.3.10.

2Thesphericalareaunitloadofthetorisphericalheadandthehemisphericalheadshallbe

calculatedaccordingtothefollowingformula：

q=0.6×p×R（5.3.102）

pD-

where人人文庫

SphericalareaunitloadofdishheadandhemisphericalheadN/mm

qp—（）；

R—Sphericalarearadius（mm）.

3Whenthethicknessofthelaminateinthecornerareaofthedishheadisgreaterthanthe

thicknessofthelaminateinthesphericalarea，theuppercornerareaoftheheadandthelengthofthe

reinforcingsectiononthecasingshallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformula：

L=D×t（5.3.103）

ck-

where

Lengthoflocalthickeningontheheadknuckleareaorontheshellmm

Lc—（）；

Thicknessofcylinderknuckleareamm.

tk—（）

·32·

4Theloadbearingcapacityoftheconvexheadsubjecttointernalpressureshallmeetthe

followingformula：

q≤［q］（5.3.104）

k，pp-

where

［］AllowableunitloadsforellipticheadandtorisphericalheadN/mm.

qp—（）

K

Table5.3.10Theconcentrationfactoroftheknuckleareaofellipticheadandtorisphericalheadd

Kd

=＜

hitRDRD

DD

rr

0.1≤≤0.150.15≤≤0.25

DD

0.0052.95

0.0102.85

0.200.0202.65Notallowed

0.0402.35

0.0502.25

0.0052.351.90

0.0102.251.80

0.250.0202.101.75

0.0401.85水印1.70

0.0501.751.70

0.0051.951.45

0.0101.851.45

0.300.0201.601.40

0.0401.401.35

0.0501.301.30

5.3.11Thestabilityoftheconvexheadsubjecttoexternalpressureshallbechecked，andthecritical

bucklingpressureshallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformula：

t2

p=0.242×E×（）（5.3.111）

cbR-

Thestabilityoftheconvexheadsubjecttoexternalpressureshallmeetthefollowingformula：

p

c≥（5.3.112）

F-

pD

Whendesigning人人文庫flatbottomequipmentthefoundationshall

，

5.3.12-

beflat，andtheallowablesupportclearanceoftheattachmentonthe

bottomplateshouldmeettherequirementsofsettingthesupportplate.

5.3.13Whentheknuckleradiusr＞30mmorr/D＞0.05ofthe

knuckleregion（Figure5.3.13）oftheflatbottomequipment，the

calculationofthemaximumaxialunitloadofknuckleregionshallbe

inaccordancewiththefollowingrequirement：

Figure5.3.13Flatbottomequipment

1Theunitloadintheknuckleregionfrominternalpressure

knucklearea

（hydrostaticplusoverpressure）shallbecalculatedaccordingtothe

1—Filledarea；2—Slope

·33·

followingformulas：

q=3×k×p×D（5.3.131）

xk，1pD-

?D?■2×rt1.15■

=0.22+0.6+0.0566××■-4.44×（k）-0.04■5.3.132

kp?÷■（）

t■DD-

èk?■■

where

Maximumaxialunitloadintheknuckleregionfrominternalpressurehydrostaticplus

qxk，1—（

overpressure）（N/mm）；

Structuralcharacteristiccoefficientshallnotbelessthan0.22.

kp—

2Theaxialunitloadofthecylindershallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformulas：

q=6×k×∑q（5.3.133）

xk，2nx，i-

|1.152|

r?D??r?

=|1.38+0.41××-0.077×|5.3.134

kn|?÷?÷|（）

|Dtt|-

|èk?èk?|

where

AxialunitloadofthecylinderN/mm

qxk，2—（）；

∑—Axialunitloadcombination（N/mm）causedbystaticload，windload，gravityload，etc.；

qx，i

Structuralfeaturecoefficienttakingtheabsolutevalue.

kn—，

3Thecombinationqbetweenloadsshallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformulasand

xk水印

shalltakealargervalue.

q=q+0.3×q（5.3.135）

xkxk，1xk，2-

q=q+0.3×q（5.3.136）

xkxk，2xk，1-

4Thelaminateintheknuckleregionoftheflatbottomequipmentfullysupportedshallbe

calculatedaccordingtothefollowingformulasandshallalsocomplywiththerequirementsofthiscode

（5.3.23）：

-

W4×M

q=-D±D±q（5.3.137）

xkmaxπ×Dπ×D2xk-

q≤［q］（5.3.138）

xkmaxxk-

where

ThemaximumaxialunitloadN/mmintheknuckleregion

qxkmax—（）；

［］AxialallowableunitloadintheknuckleregionN/mm.

qxk—（）

Whentheknuckleradius≤30mmor/≤0.05intheknuckleregionoftheflatbottom

5.3.14rrD-

equipment（Figure5.3.13），thecalculationofthemaximumaxialunitloadoftheknuckleregionshallbe

inaccordancewith人人文庫thefollowingrequirement.

1Themaximumaxialunitloadintheknuckleregionfrominternalpressure（hydrostaticplus

overpressure）shallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformulas：

q=0.72×p×D（5.3.141）

xk，1D-

q=0.90×p×D（5.3.142）

xk，1D-

W4×M

q=-D±D±q（5.3.143）

xkmaxπ×Dπ×D2xk，1-

where

AxialunitloadN/mmintheknuckleregionfrominternalpressurehydrostaticplus

qxk，1—（）（

overpressure），whent≤t，shallbecalculatedaccordingtoFormula（5.3.141）；whent＞

b1k-b1

·34·

t，itshallbecalculatedaccordingtoFormula（5.3.142）；

k-

MaximumaxialunitloadintheknuckleregionN/mm.

qxkmax—（）

2Thebearingcapacityofthelaminateintheknuckleregionshallmeettherequirementsofthis

code（5.3.23）inadditiontothefollowingformula：

-

q≤［q］（5.3.144）

xkmaxxk-

where

［］AxialallowableunitloadN/mmintheknuckleregion.

qxk—（）

ThelengthoflocalthickeningatthebottomoftheshellFigure5.3.13shallbecalculated

3Lc（）

accordingtothefollowingformula：

L=D×t（5.3.145）

ck-

ThelengthoflocalthickeningatthebottomoftheflatbottomFigure5.3.13shallbecalculated

Lc（）

accordingtothefollowingformula：

L=D×t（5.3.146）

cb1-

Thecutoutofequipmentsshallbecompensated，andadiscshapedcompensationplateshould

5.3.15--

beplacedaroundthecutout.Thecalculationofbranchesandcutoutcompensationshallbein

--

accordancewiththefollowingrequirements：

Branchstructureforcompensationatthecutoutsoftheequipmentshallbeflushbranch（Figure

1-

5.3.151）orthroughbranch（Figure5.3.152）.

--水印

Figure5.3.151Flushbranch

-

Figure5.3.152Throughbranch

-

Themaximum人人文庫unitloadintheregionofthecutoutshallbecalculatedaccordingtothe

2

-

followingformulas：

q=q×ν（5.3.151）

maxA-

?d?

=1.5×?1+c÷5.3.152

νA?÷（）

2××-

èDtc?

where

q—Maximumunitload（N/mm）intheregionofthecutout；

max-

—Maximumunitload（N/mm）oftheshellwithoutcutout；

q-

Loadconcentrationfactor

νA—；

·35·

d—Diameter（mm）ofthecutoutontheshell/head；

c-

Thicknessoftheshellatthebranchmm.

tc—（）

Themaximumunitloadintheregionofthecutoutshallsatisfythefollowingformula：

3-

q≤［q］+［q］（5.3.153）

maxlamc-

where

［］AllowableunitloadN/mmoftheshelllaminate

qlam—（）；

［］AllowableunitloadN/mmforcompensationlaminate.

qc—（）

4Thewidthofthecompensationlaminatecanbecalculatedasfollowsandshallbegreaterthan

100mm：

l=D×t（5.3.154）

aa-

where

Widthofthecompensationlaminatemm

la—（）；

Totalcompensationthicknessrequiredatthebranch.

ta—

5Theminimuminnercompensationshallbeinaccordancewiththefollowingrequirement：

）Whenthediameterofthecutoutislessthanorequalto50mm，theinnercompensationshall

1-

bealiningandnolessthanalayerof300g/m2choppedstrandmat；

）Whenthediameterofcutoutisgreaterthan50mmandlessthanorequalto150mm，theinner

2-

compensationshallbealiningandtwolayersof450g/m2chopped水印strandmat；

）Whenthediameterofthecutoutisgreaterthan150mm，theinnercompensationshallbea

3-

liningandatleast3layersof450g/m2choppedstrandmat.

Theminimumreinforcementoverlayatbranchposition（Figure5.3.153）shallbe3layersof

6-

450g/m2choppedstrandmat，andthelengthshallnotbelessthan75mm.

人人文庫

Figure5.3.153Thereinforcementoverlayatbranchposition

-

1—Filledarea；2—Compensationlayer；3-Reinforcementoverlay

5.3.16Thetensileandshearloadsofthecompensationlayershallbeverifiedaccordingtothe

followingformulas.

p×d

q=Dc（5.3.161）

b4-

qτ

τ′=b≤lap（5.3.162）

lap20×-

toverK

where

TensileunitloadofthecompensationlayerN/mm

qb—（）；

·36·

′ShearstressofthecompensationlayerMPa

τlap—（）；

ThelapshearstrengthofthelaminatecompensationlayerMPawhenusingglassfibre

τlap—（），

reinforcedmaterials，maybemeasuredaccordingtotheprovisionsofTable4.3.1ofthiscode

oraccordingtotheprovisionsofAppendixLofthiscode；

K—Designfactor，whichcanbevaluedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle4.3.3ofthis

code；

Compensationthicknessmm.

tover—（）

5.3.17Thejointbetweentheequipmentheadandthecylinderand

thecylinder（Figure5.3.17）shallbeinaccordancewiththefollowing

requirement：

1Thebearingcapacityofthejointoverlayshallnotbeless

thantheloadoftheconnectedcylinderinboththecircumferential

directionandtheaxialdirection；

2TheslopeofthejointzoneofthejointoverlayshallnotbeFigure5.3.17Seamjointdiagram

1Inneroverlay2Resinputtyfiller

greaterthan1∶6；—；—；

3Outeroverlay4Mainlaminate

Thelengthofthejointoverlayshallbecalculatedas—；—

3Lj

follows：

K×q

L=（5.3.17）

jτ

lap水印

where

Jointoverlaylengthmm

Lj—（）；

K—Designfactor，accordingtotheprovisionsofArticle4.3.3ofthiscode；

q—Maximumunitloadinthecircumferentialoraxialdirectionintheenclosure（N/mm）；

LapshearstrengthMPaofthesecondarybondedlaminateoverlay.Whenglassfibre

τlap—（）

reinforcedmaterialsareused，thevaluesmaybespecifiedinTable4.3.1ofthiscode.

4Thelengthoftheoverlayshallbeinaccordancewiththefollowingrequirement；

1）Whenthethicknessoftheoverlayislessthanorequalto6mm，theminimumlengthshallbe

100mm；

2）Whenthethicknessoftheoverlayisgreaterthan6mm，theminimumlengthshallbe150mm；

3）Thelengthoftheoverlayshouldnotbelessthan20timesthethicknessoftheoverlay.

5.3.18Theplatesoftheequipmentcomponentsshallberectangular，circular，sector，andtriangular.

Theboundaryclassificationofrectangularplatesshallbeinaccordancewiththefollowingrequirements：

1Fouredges人人文庫simplysupportedshallbeClassA；

2FouredgesfixedshallbeClassB；

3Onelongedgesimplysupported，theotherthreeedgesfixedshouldbeClassC；

4Oneshortedgesimplysupported，theotherthreeedgesfixedshouldbeClassD.

5.3.19Thebendingmomentcalculationofrectangularflatplatesshallbeinaccordancewiththe

followingrequirements.

1Bendingmomentofrectangularplatesunderuniformlydistributedloadshallbecalculated

accordingtothefollowingformula：

M=β×p×b2（5.3.191）

p1-

·37·

where

BendingmomentofrectangularplateunderuniformlydistributedloadNmm/mm

Mp—（·）；

β—ConstantsofrectangularflatplatessubjectedtouniformlydistributedloadsarefoundinTable

1

5.3.191；

-

p—Uniformlydistributedloadonarectangularplate（MPa）；

—Lengthoftheshortsideofarectangularplate（mm）.

b

Table5.3.19-1Constantsofrectangularflatplatessubjectedtouniformlydistributedloads

BoundaryBoundaryAspectratio（a/b）

Constant

typeclassification1.001.251.501.752.002.503.004.005.00＞5.00

β0.0480.0670.0810.0930.1020.1130.1190.1250.1250.125

1

bA

α0.0440.0600.0840.0990.1110.1260.1340.1400.1420.142

a1

β0.0510.0670.0750.0800.0830.0830.0830.0830.0830.083

B1

α0.0140.0200.0240.0260.0280.02810.02820.02840.02840.0284

1

β0.0600.0770.0940.1070.1140.1210.1240.1240.1240.124

C1

α0.0170.0280.0370.0440.0490.0550.0570.0580.0580.058

1

β0.0600.0730.0790.0820.0830.0830.0830.0830.0830.083

1

D

α0.0170.0220.0250.0270.0280.02840.02840.02840.02840.0284

1

Note：Indicatesthattheboundaryissimplysupported；Indicatesthatthe水印boundaryisafixed.

2Thebendingmomentoftherectangularplatesubjectedtothehydrostaticloadvaryinglinearly

from0toshouldbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformula

p1：

M=β×p×b2（5.3.192）

p11-

where

MomentofrectangularplatesubjectedtohydrostaticloadNmm/mm

Mp—（·）；

ConstantsforrectangularplatessubjectedtohydrostaticloadwhichcanbefoundinTable

β1—，

5.3.192；

-

MaximumvalueoflinearlyvaryingloadonarectangularplateMPa

p1—（）；

b—Lengthoftheshortsideofarectangularplate（mm）.

Table5.3.192Constantsofarectangularflatplatewithhydrostaticloadvaryinglinearlyfrom0to

-p1

BoundaryAspectratio（a/b）

Constant

classification1/21/1.751/1.51/1.251.001.251.501.75≥2.00

β0.01150.01450.01870.02450.03340.03930.04620.04810.0500

1

A、C、D

α0.00090.00150.00240.00410.00690.00940.01200.01310.0142

1人人文庫

β0.03480.03390.03240.02980.02640.03550.04290.04860.0529

1

B

α0.05530.04950.04220.03290.02220.03290.04220.04950.0553

1

ThebendingmomentofaAclassrectangularplatewithaconcentratedloadatitscentershall

3-

becalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformula：

W?2b?

M=×?1.3×ln+β÷（5.3.193）

p4×ππ×2-

èr1?

where

M—BendingmomentofaAclassrectangularplatewithaconcentratedloadatitscenter

p-

（N·mm/mm）；

·38·

β—ConstantsofrectangularflatplatessubjectedtocentrallocalloadarefoundinTable5.3.193；

2-

Radiusoftheareaofthelocalloadonarectangularplatemm

r1—（）；

—Lengthoftheshortsideofarectangularplate（mm）；

b

—Localloadonarectangularplate（N）.

W

ThebendingmomentofaBclassrectangularplatewithcentrallocalloadshallbecalculated

4-

accordingtothefollowingformula：

M=β×W（5.3.194）

p3-

where

M—BendingmomentofaBclassrectangularplatewithcentrallocalload（N·mm/mm）；

p-

β—Constantsofrectangularflatplatessubjectedtocentrallocalloadarefoundintable5.3.193；

3-

W—Localloadonarectangularplate（N）.

Table5.3.19-3Constantsofrectangularflatplatessubjectedtocentrallocalload

BoundaryAspectratio（a/b）

Constant

classification1.001.251.501.752.002.503.004.005.00＞5.00

α0.12670.15180.16710.17630.18050.18210.18310.18420.18490.1851

2

A

β0.4350.6910.8380.9170.9580.9760.9860.9971.0001.000

2

α0.06110.07200.07680.07850.07880.07900.07910.07910.07910.0791

2

Bβ-0.238-0.0520.0360.0670.0670.0670.0670.0670.0670.067

2

β0.12570.15300.16320.16650.16740.1677水印0.16790.16800.16800.1680

3

5.3.20Thebendingmomentcalculationofthecircularplateshallbeinaccordancewiththefollowing

requirement.

1Thebendingmomentofacircularplatewithperipheralsimplysupportsunderauniformly

distributedloadshallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformula：

M=0.0516×p×d2（5.3.201）

pDp-

where

MomentofacircularflatplatesubjectedtouniformlydistributedloadNmm/mm

Mp—（·）；

UniformlydistributedloadonacircularplateMPa

pD—（）；

Calculateddiameterofacircularplatemm.

dp—（）

2Thebendingmomentofacircularplatewithperipheralfixedsupportsunderauniformly

distributedloadshallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformula：

M=0.03125×p×d2（5.3.202）

pDp-

where人人文庫

MomentofacircularflatplatesubjectedtouniformlydistributedloadNmm/mm

Mp—（·）；

UniformlydistributedloadonacircularplateMPa

pD—（）；

Calculateddiameterofacircularplatemm.

dp—（）

3Thebendingmomentofacircularplatewithperipheralsimplysupportsundercentrallocalload

shallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformula：

W■d■

M=1.3×lnp+1■（5.3.203）

p4×π■2×-

■r1■

where

Bendingmomentofaperipheralsimplysupportedcircularplateundercentrallocalload

Mp—

·39·

（N·mm/mm）；

W—Localloadonacircularplate（MPa）；

Radiusoftheareaoflocalloadonacircularplatemm

r1—（）；

Calculateddiameterofacircularplatemm.

dp—（）

4Thebendingmomentofacircularplatewithperipheralfixedsupportsunderconcentratedload

atcentershallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformulas，andshouldbetakentoalargevalue：

Wd

M=0.325××lnp+1（5.3.204）

pπ2×-

r1

W

M=（5.3.205）

p4×π-

where

Thebendingmomentofacircularplatewithfixedsupportsunderconcentratedloadatcenter

Mp—

（N·mm/mm）；

W—Concentratedloadonacircularplate（MPa）；

Radiusoftheareaofconcentratedloadonacircularplatemm

r1—（）；

Calculateddiameterofacircularplatemm.

dp—（）

5.3.21Thebendingmomentofasectorortriangularplatesubjectedtoauniformlydistributedload

shallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformula：

M=β×p×r2（5.3.21）

pDp水印

where

MomentofasectorortriangularplatesubjectedtoauniformlydistributedloadNmm/mm

Mp—（·）；

β—Constantsofsectorortriangularflatplatessubjectedtouniformlydistributedloadsarefound

inTable5.3.21；

UniformlydistributedloadonasectorortriangularplateMPa

pD—（）；

Radiusofthesectorplateorthelengthofthesideofthetriangularplatemm.

rp—（）

Table5.3.21Constantsofsectorortriangleplatecalculationsubjectedtouniformlydistributedload

Angleππ/2π/3π/4

Peripheralsimplysupports

α0.03680.01440.00620.0031

β0.07560.04880.03400.0250

Peripheralfixedsupports

α0.08860.02460.01000.0054

β人人文庫0.08680.03810.02550.0183

5.3.22Whentheplateissubjectedtobendingmomentloadsincludinginternalpressure，vacuum，

liquidcolumnstaticpressure，windload，snowload，locallyconcentratedloadandthemostsevere

combinationofvariousloads，thedesignbendingmomentoftheplateshouldbecalculatedaccordingto

thefollowingformula：

M+M

=++sw5.3.22

MDMpMl（）

K4

where

DesignbendingmomentoftheplateNmm/mm

MD—（·）；

M—AccordingtotheFormula（5.3.191），F(xiàn)ormula（5.3.194），F(xiàn)ormula（5.3.201），

p---

·40·

Formula（5.3.205）andFormula（5.3.21），bendingmomentcausedbyuniformor

-

concentratedload（N·mm/mm）；

PartialbendingmomentactingontheplateNmm/mm

Ml—（·）；

SnowloadactingontheplateNmm/mm

Ms—（·）；

WindloadactingontheplateNmm/mm

Mw—（·）；

K—Partialdesignfactorrelatingtolongtermperformanceoflaminateshallbeinaccordance

4-

withTable4.3.7ofthiscode.

5.3.23Themasscalculationoftheunitareareinforcingmaterialoftheplateunderloadshallbein

accordancewiththefollowingrequirements：

1Whenchoppedstrandmatisusedasthereinforcingmaterialfortheflatplate，themassofthe

choppedstrandmatperunitareashallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformula：