酒精分類標準及用途

酒精分類、原則及用途Ethanolclassification,standardand酒精廣泛應(yīng)用于食品、化學(xué)、醫(yī)藥、染料等行業(yè)，酒精又是十分重要的清潔能源。普通，酒精按含雜質(zhì)多少分為：無水酒精、食用酒精、工業(yè)酒精。Ethanolwidelyappliestomanyindustriessuchasfood,chemistry,medicine,dyeandetc.Ingeneral,ethanolisdividedtoanhydrousethanol,edibleethanolandindustrialethanolaccordingtoitsimpuritycontent.一、無水酒精Anhydrousethanol無水酒精產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量執(zhí)行中華人民共和國國標GB/T678-《化學(xué)試劑－無水乙醇原則》。TheproductquantityofanhydrousethanolexecutethestatecriteriaofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaGB/T678-<ChemicalReagent-anhydrousethanolstandard>名稱Name優(yōu)級純Guaranteereagent分析純Analyticallypure化學(xué)純Chemicalpure乙醇的質(zhì)量分數(shù)Massfractionofethanol（CH3CH2OH）/%≥99.8≥99.7≥99.5密度Density（20℃0.789~0.7910.789~0.7910.789~0.791與水混合實驗Testmixwithwater合格Qualified合格Qualified合格Qualified蒸發(fā)殘渣的質(zhì)量分數(shù)Massfractionofevaporationresidue/%≤0.0005≤0.001≤0.001酸度(以H+計)Acidity(byH+)/(mmol/100g)≤0.02≤0.04≤0.1堿度(以O(shè)H-計)Alkalinity(byOH-)/(mmol/100g)≤0.005≤0.01≤0.03水分的質(zhì)量分數(shù)Massfractionofwater/%≤0.2≤0.3≤0.5甲醇（CH3OH）的質(zhì)量分數(shù)Massfractionofmethanol（CH3OH）/%≤0.02≤0.05≤0.2異丙醇[（CH3）2CHOH]的質(zhì)量分數(shù)Massfractionofisopropanol[（CH3）2CHOH]/%≤0.003≤0.01≤0.05羰基化合物（以CO計）的質(zhì)量分數(shù)Massfractionofcarbonylcompound(byCO)/%≤0.003≤0.003≤0.005易炭化物質(zhì)Readilycarbonizablesubstance合格Qualified合格Qualified合格Qualified鐵（Fe）的質(zhì)量分數(shù)Massfractionofferrum(Fe)/%≤0.00001——鋅（Ze）的質(zhì)量分數(shù)Massfractionofzinc/%≤0.00001——還原高錳酸鉀物質(zhì)（以O(shè)計）的質(zhì)量分數(shù)/%Massfractionofreducingpotassiumpermanganatesubstance(byO)/%≤0.00025≤0.00025≤0.0006用途：化學(xué)試劑、化學(xué)原料、防腐劑、消毒、燃料、有機溶劑等。Application:chemicalreagent,chemicalmaterial,preservative,disinfection,fuel,organicsolventandetc.

二、食用酒精Edibleethanol食用酒精產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量執(zhí)行中華人民共和國國標GB10343-合用于谷物、薯類、糖密為原料，經(jīng)發(fā)酵、蒸餾而制成的含水酒精，為食品工業(yè)專用的食用酒精。TheproductquantityofedibleethanolexecutesthestatecriteriaofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaGB10343-,whichappliestotheaqueousethanolmakefromgrains,yamsormolassesasrawmaterialandthroughfermentationanddistillation.Itistheappropriativeedibleethanolforfoodindustry.食用酒精《GB10343-》原則Edibleethanol《GB10343-》Standard感官規(guī)定Senserequirements項目Item特級Extragrade優(yōu)級Finegrade普級Commongrade氣味Smell含有乙醇香，無異味Hasethanolaroma，noobjectionalodor無異臭noobjectionalodor口味taste純凈、微甜pure,subtlysweet純正、微甜pure,subtlysweet較純正Comparativepure理化規(guī)定Analyticalrequirements指標名稱tem單位Unit(GB10343-)特級Extra優(yōu)級Fine普級Common色度Chroma≤號No.101010酒精含量Ethanolcontent≥%(v/v)96.095.595.0硫酸實驗Sulfuricacid≤號No.51060氧化時間Oxidationtime≥Min403020總?cè)?以乙醛計)Totalaldehyde（by≤acetaldehydemg/l1330甲醇Methanol≤mg/l250150正丙醇Normalpropylalcohol≤mg/l235100異丁醇+異戊醇Isobutanol+isoamylol≤mg/l1230總酸(以乙酸計)Totalacid(byaceticacid)≤mg/l71020總酯(以乙酸乙酯計)Totalester(byethylacetate)≤mg/l101825不揮發(fā)物Nonvolatilemater≤mg/l102025重金屬(以Pb計)Heavymetal(byPb)≤mg/l1氰化物(以HCN計)Cyanide(byHCN)≤mg/l5*用途：白酒、飲料、乙酸乙酯、丁醇、丙酮、醫(yī)藥等。Application:distilledspirit,drink,ethylacetate,butanol,acetone,medicineandetc.

三、工業(yè)酒精工業(yè)酒精產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量執(zhí)行中華人民共和國國標GB/T394.1-94合用于谷物、薯類、糖密為原料，經(jīng)發(fā)酵、蒸餾而制成的含水工業(yè)酒精。其雜質(zhì)指標比食用酒精寬松。按其生產(chǎn)的酒精不得用于食品、飲料。TheproductquantityofindustrialethanolexecutesthestatecriteriaofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaGB/T394.1-94,whichappliestotheaqueousethanolmakefromgrains,yamsormolassesasrawmaterialandthroughfermentationanddistillation.Itsimpurityindicatoriseasierthanedibleethanol.Theethanolthatproducedfollowingthisstandardcannotbeusedforfoodanddrink.工業(yè)酒精《GB/T394.1-94》原則Industrialethanol《GB/T394.1-94》standard項目Item指標Index優(yōu)等品High-classproduct一等品First-rateproduct合格品Qualifiedproduct粗酒精Crudeethanol外觀Appearance無色透明液體Colorlessandclearliquid淡黃色液體Faintyellowliquid色度/號Chroma/No.≤10－氣味Smell無異臭noobjectionalodor－乙醇Ethanol（20℃≥96.0≥95.5≥95.0≥95.0硫酸度驗號SulfuricaciddegreesCheckNo./min≤10≤80≤－－氧化時間Oxidizationdegrees/min≥30≥15≥5－醛（以乙醛計）aldehyde（by≤acetaldehyde）/mg·L-1≤530≤－－雜醇油（以異丁醇+異戊醇計）Fusel（byIsobutanol+isoamylol）/mg·L-21≤10≤80≤－甲醇Methanol/mg·L-≤800≤1200≤－酸（以乙酸計）acid(byaceticacid)/mg·L-1≤10≤20－酯（以乙酸乙酯計）ester(byeth