英語名詞單數(shù)變復數(shù)的規(guī)則

英語名詞單數(shù)變復數(shù)的規(guī)則英語名詞單數(shù)變復數(shù)主要有以下規(guī)則：一、絕大多數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式，是在該詞末尾加上后輟-s。讀音變化：結(jié)尾是清輔音讀[s]，結(jié)尾是濁輔音或元音讀[z]。例：friend→friends;cat→cats;style→styles;sport→sports;piece→pieces二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的詞，在該詞末尾加上后輟-es構(gòu)成復數(shù)。讀音變化：統(tǒng)一加讀[iz]。例：bus→buses;quiz→quizzes;fox→foxes;match→matches;flash→flashesbox→boxes;watch→watches;actress→actresses;class→classes;coach（長途車）→coaches;dress→dresses;sandwich→sandwiches;toothbrush→toothbrushes;waitress（女侍者）→waitresses三、以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞，將y改變?yōu)閕，再加-es。讀音變化：加讀[z]。例：candy→candies;daisy（雛菊）→daisies;fairy→fairies;lady→ladies;story→storiesstrawberry→strawberries;baby→babies;puppy→puppies;library→libraries;dictionary→dictionaries;cherry→cherries;activity→activities四、以-o結(jié)尾的名詞，如果不是外來詞或縮寫，就加-es，否則加-s構(gòu)成復數(shù)。（有生命的加es，無生命的加s）讀音變化：加讀[z]。例：tomato→tomatoes;potato→potatoes;torpedo(魚雷)→torpedoes;bingo（彩票式游戲）→bingoes反例：silo（青貯塔）→silos;piano→pianos（外來詞）;photo→photos;macro（宏指令，計機算語言）→macros（縮寫詞）五、以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞，多為將-f或-fe改變?yōu)?ves，但有例外。讀音變化：尾音[f]改讀[vz]。例：knife→knives;life→lives;leaf→leaves;staff(員工)→staves;scarf（圍巾）→scarves目前搜集的直接加s：roof-roofs,belief-beliefs,gulf（海灣）-gulfs,serf（農(nóng)奴）-serfs，

safe-safes,chief（負責人）-chiefs這幾個可變可不變：scarf-scarfs，handkerchief-handkerchiefs六、以-us結(jié)尾的名詞（多為外來詞），通常將-us改變?yōu)?i構(gòu)成復數(shù)。讀音變化：尾音[Es]改讀[ai]，其中[kEs]要改讀為[sai]，[gEs]要改讀為[dVai]。例：fungus（真菌）→fungi;abacus（算盤）→abaci;focus（焦點）→foci;cactus（仙人掌）→cacti;cestus（拳擊用的牛皮手套）→cesti七、以-is結(jié)尾的名詞，通常將-is改變?yōu)?es。讀音變化：尾音[is]改讀[i:z]。例：axis（軸線）→axes;basis→bases;naris（鼻孔）→nares;hypothesis（假設(shè)）→hypotheses;restis（索狀體）→restes八、以-ix結(jié)尾的名詞，通常將-ix改變?yōu)?ices，但有例外。讀音變化：尾音[iks]改讀[isi:z]。例：matrix（矩陣）→matrices;directrix（準線）→directrices;calix（杯狀窩，盞）→calices;appendix（闌尾）→appendices反例：affix（粘住，使固定）→affixes九、以-um結(jié)尾的名詞，將-um改變?yōu)?a。讀音變化：去掉鼻尾音[m]。例：forum（論壇）→fora;stadium（體育場）→stadia;aquarium（水族魚缸）→aquaria;datum（數(shù)據(jù)）→data;vacuum（真空，空虛）→vacua十、以-a結(jié)尾的名詞，在該詞末尾加上后輟-e。讀音變化：尾音[E]改讀[i:]。例：larva（昆蟲的幼蟲）→larvae;formula（公式）→formulae;ala（翼）→alae;media（媒介）→mediae;hydra（九頭蛇，水螅）→hydrae十一、部分單詞的復數(shù)形式不變。讀音變化：保持原音。例：fish→fish;sheep→sheep;cattle→cattle;deer→deer;salmon（蛙、三文魚、大馬哈）→salmoncannon→cannon;trout→trout（鱒魚）十二、極少數(shù)單詞，其復數(shù)形式?jīng)]有任何規(guī)律。讀音變化：沒有規(guī)律。例：man→men;woman→women;child→children;person→people;ox→oxenfoot→feet;goose→geese;

mouse→mice;tooth→teeth;datum→data數(shù)據(jù)十三、一些單數(shù)詞得加en才能變成復數(shù)詞：例：ox→oxen;child→children;brother（用于教堂）→brethren十四、一些單數(shù)詞得改頭換面一番,才能變成復數(shù)詞例：analysis→analyses分析;basis→bases基礎(chǔ);datum→data數(shù)據(jù);foot→feet;formula公式→formulae/formulas;goose→geese;louse虱子→lice;man→menmouse→mice;medium→media/mediums媒介;emorandum→memoranda/memorandums備忘錄;parenthesis→parentheses圓括號;phenomenon→phenomena現(xiàn)象;radius→radii半徑tooth→teeth;woman→women十五、有些名詞是單數(shù)、復數(shù)不分的例：deer;fish;cannon（大炮）;sheep;salmon鮭魚;trout鱒魚十六、一些名詞雖分單數(shù)、復數(shù)，但出現(xiàn)次數(shù)多的總是單數(shù)詞例：absence;clothing;film;help;furniture家具;machinery機械;news;scenery風景;sugar;traffic交通十七、另一些名詞則以復數(shù)詞出現(xiàn)的機會較多例：bellows風箱;clothes;police;shorts短褲;scissors剪刀;spectacles眼鏡;shears大剪刀trousers長褲;wages工資十八、compoundnouns，這類復數(shù)詞是以主要的名詞來表示例：daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law媳婦;father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父man-of-war→men-of-war兵艦;maid-servant→maid-servants女仆tep-son→step-sons晚子;son-in-law→sons-in-law女婿十九、若表達具體數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)量詞例：pair(對，雙);suit(套);apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers二十、另外還有一些名詞，其復數(shù)形式有時可表示特別意思，例：goods貨物，waters水域，fishes（各種）魚二十一、除人民幣元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復數(shù)形式。例：adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers二十二、合成詞單復數(shù)變化規(guī)則1)以不可數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾的復合名詞無復數(shù)形式。例如：homework,newspaper等。2)以man或woman為前綴的名詞變復數(shù)時，前后兩個名詞都變成復數(shù)。例如：womandoctor→womendoctors,manwaiter→menwaiters.3)以“可數(shù)名詞+介詞(短語)”構(gòu)成的復合名詞變復數(shù)時，把名詞變復數(shù)。例如：fath-erinlaw→fathersinlaw.4)以“動詞/過去分詞+副詞”構(gòu)成的復合名詞變復數(shù)時，在詞尾加s。例如：grownup→grownups,standby→standbys.二十三、集合名詞單復數(shù)變化有些名詞為單數(shù)形式，但做整體概念來看待，稱為集合名詞或集體名詞，如：peoplepolicecattle，其謂語動詞一般用復數(shù)。有些名詞為單數(shù)形式，做整體概念來看待時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。強調(diào)整體中具體人或事物時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。如：class,family,audience,committee,army.【例句】1)Theclassaredoingexperimentsonheatandlightinthelab.2)Alargeclassislikeabigbanquet,whichrequiresateachertomakefullpreparationandhavegoodperformance.集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實為復數(shù)。例如：peoplepolicecattle等本身就是復數(shù)，不能說apeople，apolice，acattle，但可以說aperson，apoliceman，aheadofcattle,theEnglish，theBritish，theFrench，theChinese，theJapanese，theSwiss等名詞，表示國民總稱時，作復數(shù)用，如TheChineseareindustriesandbrave.中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。

名詞由單數(shù)變成復數(shù)的練習寫出下列名詞復數(shù)leaf______puppy_______box_______knife_______fly______fox______

bus______

bench_____

brush_____kiss______church______dish_____ruler______peach________glass_____pencil________boy______zoo______man______roof_______sheep_______knife______lady______key______story______watch______bamboo______city______family______day_____apple_______eraser______speech______thief______mouse______fish_____goose____people______ox_____Chinese_______deer_______foot______child_______tooth_______guy________hero_______spy______boss_____monkey______city______goat______radio________horse______dog______

用所給的單詞的復數(shù)的正確形式填空：1>Therearesomany________(wolf)intheforest.2>Therearethree______(chair)intheclassroom.3>These_______(tomato)arered.

4>______(hero)aregreat.5>Mybrotherlooksaftertwo______(baby)6>Therearesome______(deer)eatingthegrass.7>Myfatherlikestoeat_______(potato).8>Chinese______(people)liketoeatnoodles.9>Ihavealotof______(toy)inmybedroom.10>Ihelpmymotherwash______(dish)inthekitchen.11>Ihavetwo______(pencil-box).

12>Therearesome______(bus)inthestreet.13>Peterhaseight_____(foot).

14>Lindahasthree_______(tooth).15>Therearesome______(child)inthegarden.16>Michaellikesthe______(mouse).17>Therearesome______(goose)intheriver.18>Myuncleandfatherare_____(man).19>TomandKingare_____(boy).

20>Lindahasthree______(tooth).

選出正確形式1．Icanseethree________inthezoo.Amonkeys

Bmonkeies

Cmonkey2.Thepighasfour______.A.footB.feetC.foots3.Mytwobrothersareboth______.A.policemanB.policemansC.policemen4.Therearefour___________intheclass.A.Japanese

B.JapanesesC.Japan5.Icanseeten_____inthepicture.A.sheepB.dogC.pig6.The_____hasthree______.A.boys,watchesB.boy,watchC.boy,watches7.Canyousee_______ontheplate?A.bread

B.breads

C.breades8.Thegirloftenbrushesher_____beforeshegoestobed.A.toothB.toothsC.teeth9.MrBlackoftendrinksome_________.A.milk

B.milks

C.milkes10.Therearesome_____onthefloor.A.childB.waterC.books11._______willlearnEnglish.

A.WomanB.WomenC.Man12.Lucywillshowussomenew____ofhers.A.photoB.photosC.photoes13.Idranktwo______.A.bottlesoforangeB.bottleoforangeC.bottlesoforanges14.Thecateatstwo______lastnight.A.mousesB.miceC.mouse15.Ineedapenandsome_____.A.books

B.desk

C.chair16Jimwaslatefortwoclassesthismorning.Hesaidthatheforgotbothofthe______.A.roomsnumber

B.RoomnumberC.Room’snumber

D.Roomnumbers17.Thenewly-builtlibraryisa______building.A.five-storey

B.fivestoreysC.five-storey’s

D.fivestoreys’18.---Whoseumbrellaisit?---It’s_______.A.

somebodyelse’s

B.SomebodyelseC.Somebody’selse’s

D.Somebody’selse19.Ifeelterriblyhot,What’sthe_____?A.temperatureofroom

B.Room’stemperatureC.Room