1995-2023年英語專八翻譯真題及答案

英語專業(yè)八級考試翻譯局部歷屆試題及參考答案〔1995-2023〕1995年英語專業(yè)八級考試--翻譯局部參考譯文C-E原文：簡.奧斯丁的小說都是三五戶人家居家度日，婚戀嫁娶的小事。因此不少中國讀者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的聲譽(yù)。但一部小說開掘得深不深，藝術(shù)和思想是否有過人之處，確實(shí)不在題材大小。有人把奧斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道的橄欖。這不僅由于她的語言精彩，并曾對小說藝術(shù)的進(jìn)展有制造性的奉獻(xiàn)，也由于她的輕愉快潑的表達(dá)實(shí)際上并不那么淺白，那么透亮。史密斯夫人說過，女作家常常試圖修正現(xiàn)存的價(jià)值秩序，轉(zhuǎn)變?nèi)藗儗Α爸匾焙汀安恢匾钡目捶ā；蛟S奧斯丁的小說能教我們學(xué)會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)換眼光和角度，明察到“小事”的表達(dá)所涉及的那些不小的問題。參考譯文：However,subjectmatterisindeednotthedecisivefactorbywhichwejudgeanovelofitsdepthaswellas(of)itsartisticappealandideologicalcontent(or:astowhetheranoveldigsdeepornotorwhetheritexcelsinartisticappealandideologicalcontent).SomepeoplecompareAusten’sworkstoolives:themoreyouchewthem,themoretasty(thetastier)theybecome.Thiscomparisonisbasednotonlyon(Thisisnotonlybecauseof)herexpressivelanguageandhercreativecontributiontothedevelopmentofnovelwritingasanart,butalsoon(becauseof)thefactthatwhathidesbehindherlightandlivelynarrativeissomethingimplicitandopaque(notsoexplicitandtransparent).Mrs.Smithonceobserved,womenwritersoftensought(madeattempts)torectifytheexistingvalueconcepts(orders)bychangingpeople’sopinionsonwhatis“important”andwhatisnot.E-C原文I,bycomparison,livinginmyoverpricedcityapartment,walkingtoworkpastputridsacksofstreetgarbage,payingusurioustaxestolocalandstategovernmentsIgenerallyabhor,Iamratedmiddleclass.Thiscausesmetowonder,dothemeasurementmakesense?Arewemeasuringonlythatwhichiseasilymeasured---thenumbersonthemoneychart---andignoringvaluesmorecentraltothegoodlife?Formysonsthereisofcoursetheruralbountyoffresh-grownvegetables,line-caughtfishandthesharedrichesofneighbours’orchardsandgardens.Thereistheunpaidbaby-sitterforwhosechildrenmydaughter-in-lawbaby-sitsinreturn,andneighbourswhobartertheirskillsandlabour.Butmorethanthat,howdoyoumeasureserenity?Senseifself?Idon’twanttoidealizelifeinsmallplaces.Therearetimeswhentheoutsideworldintrudesbrutally,aswhenthecostofgasolinegoesupordeveloperscasttheireyesonuntouchedfarmland.Therearecruelties,thereisintolerance,thereareallthemanyvicesandmeannessesinsmallplacesthatexistinlargecities.Furthermore,itishardertoignorethemwhentheycannotbebanishedpsychologicallytoanotherpartoftownorexcusedasthewhimsofaliengroups---whentheyhavetobeacknowledgedas“partofus.”NordoIwanttobelittletheopportunitiesforsmalldecenciesincities---theeruptionsofone-stranger-to-anothercaringthatalwayssurpriseanddelight.Buttheseare,sadly,moreexceptionsthanrulesandareoftenoverwhelmedbytheawfulcorruptionsanddangersthatsurroundus.參考譯文：對我的幾個(gè)兒子來說，鄉(xiāng)村固然有充分的穎蔬菜，垂釣來的魚，鄰里菜園和果園里可供共享的豐富瓜果。鄉(xiāng)下有不用付酬勞便可請來照看孩子的鄰居，作為回報(bào)，我兒媳也幫著照看其孩子。鄉(xiāng)鄰之間相互交換技能和勞動(dòng)。但比之更重要的是，你如何來衡量那靜謐與安詳？如何來衡量自我價(jià)值呢？我無意將小地方的生活抱負(fù)化。由于有時(shí)外面的世界會(huì)無情地侵入：比方汽油價(jià)格上漲，開發(fā)商把眼睛盯住尚未開發(fā)的農(nóng)田；那里充滿著兇殘和偏狹，大城市的種種卑劣行徑，小地方也一應(yīng)俱全。不僅如此，當(dāng)人們無法自欺欺人地硬把那些丑惡現(xiàn)象想象成只是小地方的一小局部或?qū)⑺鼈兘忉尀楫愢l(xiāng)人的為所欲為，而又不得不成認(rèn)這一切是我們的一局部時(shí)，就更難以無視它們。1996年英語專業(yè)八級考試--翻譯局部參考譯文C-E原文：近讀報(bào)紙，對國內(nèi)名片和請柬的談?wù)擃H多，于是想起客居巴黎時(shí)常常見到的法國人手中的名片和請柬，隨筆登記來，似乎不無借鑒之處。在巴黎，名目繁多的酒會(huì)，冷餐會(huì)是廣交朋友的好時(shí)機(jī)。在這種場合生疏人相識，假設(shè)是亞洲人，他們往往開口之前先畢恭畢敬地用雙手把自己的名片呈遞給對方，這似乎是不行缺少的禮節(jié)。然而，法國人一般卻都不大主動(dòng)遞送名片，雙方見面應(yīng)酬幾句，甚至海闊天空地聊一番也就各自走開，只有當(dāng)雙方談話投機(jī)，期望連續(xù)交往時(shí)，才會(huì)主動(dòng)掏知名片。二話不說先遞名片反倒顯得有些牽強(qiáng)。參考譯文：InParis,cocktailpartiesandbuffetreceptionsofdifferentkindsoffergreatopportunitiesformakingfriends.Onsuchoccasions,strangersmaygettoknoweachother.IftheyareAsians,theywill,veryrespectfullyandwithbothhands,presenttheircallingcardstotheirinterlocutorsbeforeanyconversationstarts.Thisseemstobetherequiredcourtesyontheirpart.TheFrench,however, usuallyarenotsoreadywithsuchaformality.Bothsideswillgreeteachother,andevenchatcasuallyaboutanytopicandthenexcusethemselves.Onlywhentheyfindtheylikeeachotherandhopetofurthertherelationshipwilltheyexchangecards.Itwillseemveryunnaturaltodosobeforeanyrealconversationgetsunderway.96VersionC-EInParis,cocktailpartiesandbuffetreceptionsofvariouskindsoffergoodopportunitiesformakingfriends.Onsuchoccasionstwostrangersmaymeet.IftheyarefromAsia,theytendtopresentwithrespecttheirownnamecardstoeachotherbeforetheyspeak,whichseemstobeindispensablesocialprotocol/etiquette.However,theFrenchdon’tdoitthatway.Insteadofofferingtheirvisitingcards,theymaystoptoexchangegreetingsorevenchatcasuallyaboutanytopicbeforetheypartandgoaway(theymaysayhellotoeachother,chatforawhileandthewalkaway).Theyoffer/exchange theirnamecardsonlywhentheyfindthechattingveryagreeableandwouldliketohavefurthercontact.Itwouldbeembarrassing/unnaturalforthemtogivetheirnamecardsbeforetheyspeak/talktoeachother.E-C原文：Itshouldhavebeeneasy.Theywerebattle-testedveteranswithlongtiestoReaganandevenlongertiestotheRepublicanparty,menwhounderstoodpresidentialpoliticsaswellasanyinthecountry.Thebackdropofthecampaignwashospitable,withlotsofgoodnewstoworkwith:Americawasatpeace,andthenation’seconomy,akeyfactorinanyelection,wasreboundingvigorouslyafterrecession.Furthermore,thecampaignitselfwaslavishlyfinanced,withplentyofmoneyforatop-flightstaff,travel,andtelevisioncommercials.And,mostimportant,theircandidatewasRonaldReagan,apresidentoftremendouspersonalpopularityanddazzlingcommunicationskills.ReaganhassucceedmorethananypresidentsinceJohnF.KennedyinprojectingabroadvisionofAmerica–anationofrenewedmilitarystrength,individualinitiative,andsmallerfederalgovernment.參考譯文：這應(yīng)當(dāng)不是件難事。這都是些跟著里根多年、久經(jīng)沙場的老將，他們跟共和黨則有更深厚的淵源，是這個(gè)國家里最生疏總統(tǒng)政治的人。競選的背景也很有利，也很多好消息可供炒作。例如，美國上下一片和平，美國經(jīng)濟(jì)這一競選要素也在經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間的衰退之后開頭強(qiáng)勁反彈。此外，這次競選本身得到了大方資助，因此有充裕的資用于組織一流的競選班子、支付巡回演講和電視廣告的費(fèi)用。而最重要的一點(diǎn)是，他們的候選人是羅納德·里根，他可是位極具個(gè)人魅力和溝通技巧的總統(tǒng)。自約翰·F·肯尼迪總統(tǒng)以來，里根是最成功地勾畫出美國藍(lán)圖的總統(tǒng)：一個(gè)軍事力氣復(fù)興、富有個(gè)人進(jìn)取心、聯(lián)邦政府得以精簡的國家。1997年英語專業(yè)八級考試--翻譯局部參考譯文C-E原文：來美國求學(xué)的中國學(xué)生與其他亞裔學(xué)生一樣，大多格外刻苦勤奮，周末也往往會(huì)抽出一天甚至兩天的時(shí)間去試驗(yàn)室加班，因而比起美國學(xué)生來，成果出得較多。我的導(dǎo)師是亞裔人，嗜煙好酒，脾氣急躁。但他格外賞識亞裔學(xué)生勤奮與扎實(shí)的根底學(xué)問，也特別了解亞裔學(xué)生的5位均是亞裔學(xué)生。他干脆在試驗(yàn)室的門上貼一醒目招牌：“7天，早10時(shí)至晚12時(shí)，工作時(shí)間必需全力以赴。”3年半中，共有145人。1990年夏天，我不顧別人勸阻，硬著頭皮承受了導(dǎo)師的資助，從今開頭了困難的求學(xué)旅程。參考譯文：LikestudentsfromotherAsiancountriesandregions,mostChinesestudentswhocometopursuetheirfurthereducationintheUnitedStatesworkontheirstudiesmostdiligentlyandassiduously.Evenonweekends,theywouldfrequentlyspendoneday,oreventwodays,toworkovertimeintheirlaboratories.Therefore,comparedwiththeirAmericancounterparts,theyaremoreacademicallyfruitful.MysupervisorisofAsianorigin.Heisaddictedtoalcoholsandcigarettes,withasharp/irritabletemper.Nevertheless,hehighlyappreciatestheindustryandthesolidfoundationalknowledgeofAsianstudentsandhasaparticularlykeeninsightintowhatAsianstudentshaveontheirmind.Hence,ofallthestudentsrecruitedintohislaboratory,exceptforoneGerman,theotherfivewereallfromAsia.Heevenputaneye-catchingnoticeonthedoorofhislab,whichread,“Alltheresearchassistantsofthislaboratoryarerequiredtowork7daysaweek,from10:00a.m.to12:00p.m..Nothingbutworkduringtheworkinghours.”Thissupervisorisreputedontheentirecampusforhisseverityandharshness.Duringthe3andahalfyearsthatIstayedthere,atotalof14studentswererecruitedintohislaboratoryandonly5ofthemstayeduntiltheygraduatedwiththeirPh.D.degrees.Inthesummerof1990,ignoringthedissuasionsfromothers,Iacceptedmysupervisor’ssponsorshipandembarkedonmydifficultjourneyofacademicpursuit.VersionC-EMytutor/supervisorwasofAsiandescentwhodrankandsmokedalot(hadahabitofdrinkingandsmoking)andwasquitehot/short/quick-tempered.However,hehighlyappreciatedAsianstudentsfortheirdiligenceandsolidcommandoffundamentalknowledge(headmiredthediligenceofAsianstudentsandtheirfirmgroundinginscience),andheknewwellaboutwhattheythoughtandhowtheyfelt.Thatwaswhyofthe6studentsadmittedtohislabthatyear5wereofAsiandescentwithonlyonefromGermany.Onthedoorofhislabtherewasaneye-catchingnoticewhichread,”Labassistantsmustworkwithdevotionfrom10a.m.to12p.m.,7daysaweek.’Harshanddemanding,thetutorhadearnedacampus-widereputationforhisstrictnesswithstudents.Duringthe3andahalfyearswhenIstayedwithhim,atotalof14studentswereadmittedtohislabbutonly5succeededintakingtheirdoctoraldegrees/managedtocompletetheirPh.D.Studies.E-C原文：

Operaisexpensive:thatmuchisinevitable.Butexpensivethingsarenotinevitablytheprovinceoftherichunlessweabdicatesociety’spowerofchoice.Wecanchoosetomakeopera,andotherexpensiveformsofculture,accessibletothosewhocannotindividuallypayforit.Thequestionis:whyshouldwe?Nobodydeniestheimperativesoffood,shelter,defence,healthandeducation.Buteveninaprehistoriccave,mankindstretchedoutahandnotjusttoeat,drinkorfight,butalsotodraw.Theimpulsetowardsculture,thedesiretoexpressandexploretheworldthroughimaginationandrepresentationisfundamental.InEurope,thisdesirehasfoundfulfillmentinthemasterpiecesofourmusic,art,literatureandtheatre.Thesemasterpiecesarethetouchstonesforallourefforts;theyarethetouchstonesforthepossibilitiestowhichhumanthoughtandimaginationmayaspire;theycarrythemostprofoundmessagesthatcanbesentfromonehumantoanother.參考譯文：傾聽歌劇，無疑昂貴至極。但是，昂貴的事物并非必定屬于富人的范疇，除非我們放棄社會(huì)的選擇權(quán)。我們可以選擇去使歌劇以及其他某些昂貴的文化形式也能為那些不具備個(gè)人支付力量的人所享受。但問題是，我們有必要這么做嗎？沒人會(huì)否認(rèn)食物、居所、防護(hù)、安康與教育的不行或缺性。但即便是在史前時(shí)代的地窖中，人類伸出手來，早就不單純是為了吃、喝或搏殺，而且亦進(jìn)展繪畫創(chuàng)作。人類對于文化的沖動(dòng)，通過形象思維和再現(xiàn)手段來表現(xiàn)并探究世界的欲望，乃亙古有之。在歐洲，這一欲望在我們的音樂、藝術(shù)、文學(xué)和戲劇杰作中查找到了其實(shí)現(xiàn)形式。這些杰作構(gòu)成了我們?nèi)颗Φ脑嚱鹗?。作為試金石，它們能衡量出人類的思想和想象力所可能企及的程度。它們攜帶著最寓意深刻的主題，可在人類彼此間相互傳遞。1998年英語專業(yè)八級考試--翻譯局部參考譯文C-E原文：1997年2月24日我們代表團(tuán)下榻日月潭中信大飯店，送走了最終一批客人，已是次日凌晨3點(diǎn)了。我躺在床上久久不能入睡，披衣走到窗前，往外看去，只見四周峰巒疊翠，湖面波光粼粼。望著臺灣這僅有的風(fēng)光如畫的自然湖泊，我想了很多，很多……這次到臺灣訪問溝通，雖然行程匆忙，但是，看了不少地方，訪了舊友，交了知，大21世紀(jì)的強(qiáng)盛。雖然祖國大陸、臺灣的青年生活在不同的社會(huì)環(huán)境中，有著各自不同的生活經(jīng)受，但大家的內(nèi)心都深深銘刻著中華文化優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)的印記，都擁有著振興中華民族的共同抱負(fù)。在世紀(jì)之交的宏大時(shí)代，我們的祖國正在走向富強(qiáng)富強(qiáng)，海峽兩岸人民也將加強(qiáng)溝通，共同推動(dòng)祖國統(tǒng)一大業(yè)的早日完成。世紀(jì)之交的貴重機(jī)遇和巨大挑戰(zhàn)將青年推到了歷史前臺?？缡兰o(jì)青年一代應(yīng)當(dāng)用什么樣的姿勢迎接布滿期望的世紀(jì)，這是我們必需答復(fù)的問題。日月潭水波不興，仿佛與我一同在思考……參考譯文：ThecurrentvisittoTaiwanforexchange,briefandcursoryasitis,hasenabledustoseemanyplaces,tovisitoldfriendswhilemakingnewacquaintances.Wheneverpeoplegathertogether,animportanttopicofdiscussionhasbeenhowtheChinesenationcanbecomeprosperousandpowerfulinthe21stcentury.AlthoughtheyoungpeopleontheMainlandandinTaiwanliveindifferentsocialcontexts(environments/milieus),withtheirindividuallydifferentexperiencesoflife,intheinnermostrecessesoftheirheartsarewroughtanindeliblemarkbythefinetraditionsoftheChineseculture.TheyallcherishthesameidealtorejuvenatetheChinesenation(TheysharethesameidealtorejuvenatetheChinesenation).Inthisgreatepochattheturnofthecentury,ourmotherlandisdevelopingtowardgreaterprosperityandpowerfulness.PeopleacrosstheTaiwanStraitsareboundtostrengthentheirexchangesandwillmutuallypromotetheearliestpossibleachievementofthegreatcauseofreunificationofthemotherland.Thepreciousopportunitiesandthetremendouschallengesattheturnofthecenturyhavepushedtheyoungpeopletotheforeground(forefront)ofthehistoricalarena(stage).Atthistransitionalphasebetweenthetwomillennia,inwhatwaytheyounggenerationshouldembracetheforthcomingnewcenturyrepletewithhopesisaquestiontowhichwehavetoseekananswer.VersionC-EThevisittoTaiwanwasbusybutfruitful.Wewenttomanyplacesandmademanynewfriendsaswellasmeetingwitholdones.Whenweweretogether,thetopicforcommonconcernwasabouthowtobuildastrongerandmoreprosperousChinainthecoming21stcentury.Althoughwe(youngpeoplefromthemainlandandthosefromTaiwanlivein)arefromdifferentsocialenvironmentwithdifferentlifeexperiences,weallhavethefinetraditionoftheChineseculturedeeplyengraveduponourheartandweallsharethecommondreamofrevitalizingourChinesenation.Inthisgreattrans-centurytimeswhenourmotherlandismarchingtowardsprosperity,thereshouldbemorefrequentcontactsbetweenpeoplefromthetwosidesoftheTaiwanStraitssothatthey/wecanworktogetherforanearlierreunificationofthemotherland.Opportunitiesaswellaschallengesprovidedbytheturnofthecenturyhavepushedustothestageofthehistory.Whatshouldweyouth,across-centurygeneration,dotowelcome/embracethenewcenturyofhope?Thisisaquestionwe(allhavetoanswer)cannotshun.E-C原文：IagreetosomeextentwithmyimaginaryEnglishreader.Americanliteraryhistoriansareperhapspronetoviewtheirownnationalscenetoonarrowly,mistakingprominenceforuniqueness.Theydoover-phrasetheirownliterature,orcertainlyitsminorfigures.AndAmericansdoswingfromaggressiveoverphraseoftheirliteraturetoanequallyunfortunate,imitativedeference.Butthen,theEnglishthemselvesaresomewhatinsularintheirliteraryappraisals.Moreover,infieldswheretheyarenotpre-eminent—e.g.inpaintingandmusic—theytooalternatebetweenboastingofnativeproductsandcopyingthoseoftheContinent.HowmanyEnglishpaintingstrytolookasthoughtheyweredoneinParis;howmanytimeshavewereadinarticlesthattheyreallyrepresentan“Englishtradition”afterall.TospeakofAmericanliterature,then,isnottoassertthatitiscompletelyunlikethatofEurope.Broadlyspeaking,AmericaandEuropehavekeptstep.Atanygivenmomentthetravelercouldfindexamplesinbothofthesamearchitecture,thesamestylesindress,thesamebooksontheshelves.IdeashavecrossedtheAtlanticasfreelyasmenandmerchandise,thoughsometimesmoreslowly.WhenIrefertoAmericanhabit,thoughts,etc.,Iintendsomesortofqualificationtoprecedetheword,forfrequentlythedifferencebetweenAmericaandEurope(especiallyEngland)willbeoneofdegree,sometimesonlyofasmalldegree.Theamountofdivergenceisasubtleaffair,liabletoperplextheEnglishmanwhenhelooksatAmerica.Heislookingatacountrywhichinimportantsensesgrewoutofhisown,whichinseveralwaysstillresembleshisown—andwhichisyetaforeigncountry.Thereareoddoverlappingsandabruptunfamiliarities;kinshipyieldstoasuddenalienation,aswhenwehailapersonacrossthestreet,onlytodiscoverfromhisblankresponsethatwehavemistakenastrangerforafriend.參考譯文：那么，要談?wù)撁绹膶W(xué)，倒并非意欲斷言，它與歐洲文學(xué)全然大相徑庭。廣而言之，美國與歐洲始終同步進(jìn)展，協(xié)調(diào)全都。在任何一個(gè)特定的時(shí)刻，旅行者在兩地均能目睹同一樣式的建筑實(shí)例，一樣款式的服飾，書架上一樣的書籍。在大西洋兩岸，思想如同人員與貨物往來“美國式的”這一詞匯之前加上某種限定，由于歐美〔尤其是英美〕之間的差異往往只是程度上的差異而已，并且有時(shí)候僅僅只是微乎其微的一點(diǎn)程度差異而已。差異的多寡是件極為微妙的事務(wù)，這極簡潔使一個(gè)英國人在打量美國時(shí)大惑不解。他所打量的那個(gè)國家，從某些重要的意義上來說，誕生于他自己的國家，并在某些方面仍與他自己的國家相差無幾——然而，它卻實(shí)實(shí)在在是一個(gè)異邦。兩者間存在著某些奇異的交替重迭，以及令人甚感突兀的生疏感；親緣關(guān)系已讓位于一種突如其來的異化與疏遠(yuǎn)，這種情景仿佛就像我們隔著大路向另一個(gè)人打招呼，結(jié)果卻從這個(gè)人漠無表情的反響中覺察，我們原來竟將一個(gè)生疏人誤認(rèn)為我們的熟人。C-E原文：

1999年英語專業(yè)八級考試--翻譯局部參考譯文加拿大的溫哥華1986年剛剛度過百歲生日，但城市的進(jìn)展令世界矚目。以港立市，以港興市，是很多港口城市生存進(jìn)展的道路。經(jīng)過百年開發(fā)建設(shè)，有著自然不凍良港的溫哥華，成為舉世著名的港口城市，同亞洲、大洋洲、歐洲、拉丁美洲均有定期班輪，年貨物吞吐量到達(dá)8，000萬噸，全市就業(yè)人口中有三分之一從事貿(mào)易與運(yùn)輸行業(yè)。溫哥華〔Vancouver〕的輝煌是溫哥華人才智和勤奮的結(jié)晶，其中包括多民族的奉獻(xiàn)。3000萬。吸取外來移民，是加拿大長期奉行的國策?？梢哉f，加拿大除了印第安人外，無一不是外來移民，不同的只是時(shí)間長短180萬溫哥華居民中，有一半不是在本地誕生的，每425萬華人對溫哥華的經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型起著決5年才來到溫哥華地區(qū)的，使溫哥華成為亞洲以外最大的中國人聚居地。參考譯文：ThegloryofVancouverhasbeenachievedthroughthewisdomandtheindustryoftheVancouverpeople,includingthecontributionsofmanyethnicgroups.Canada,sparselypopulated,hasaterritorylarger thanthatofChina,butitspopulationisonlylessthan30million.Consequently,toattractingimmigrantsfromothercountrieshasbecomeanationalpolicylongpracticed/followed/cherishedbyCanada.AllCanadiansexcepttheAmericanIndians,sotospeak,areforeignimmigrants,differingonlyinthelengthoftimetheyhavesettledinCanada.Vancouver,inparticular,isoneofthefewmostcelebratedmulti-ethniccitiesintheworld.Amongthe1.8millionVancouverresidents,halfofthemarenon-nativesandoneoutofeveryfourresidentsisfromAsia.The250,000ChinesetherehaveplayedadecisiveroleinthetransformationofVancouver”seconomy.HalfofthemhavecometosettleinVancouver overthepastfiveyearsonly,renderingVancouverthelargestareaoutsideAsiawheretheChineseinhabit.E-C原文：Insomesocietiespeoplewantchildrenforwhatmightbecalledfamilialreasons:toextendthefamilylineorthefamilyname,topropitiatetheancestors;toenabletheproperfunctioningofreligiousritualsinvolvingthefamily.Suchreasonsmayseemthininthemodern,secularizedsocietybuttheyhavebeenandarepowerfulindeedinotherplaces.Inaddition,oneclassoffamilyreasonssharesaborderwiththefollowingcategory,namely,havingchildreninordertomaintainorimproveamarriage:toholdthehusbandoroccupythewife;torepairorrejuvenatethemarriage;toincreasethenumberofchildrenontheassumptionthatfamilyhappinessliesthatway.Thepointisunderlinedbyitsconverse:insomesocietiesthefailuretobearchildren(ormales)isathreattothemarriageandareadycausefordivorce.Beyondallthatistheprofoundsignificanceofchildrentotheveryinstitutionofthefamilyitself.Tomanypeople,husbandandwifealonedonotseemaproperfamily—theyneedchildrentoenrichthecircle,tovalidateitsfamilycharacter,togathertheredemptiveinfluenceofoffspring.Childrenneedthefamily,butthefamilyseemsalsotoneedchildren,asthesocialinstitutionuniquelyavailable,atleastinprinciple,forsecurity,comfort,assurance,anddirectioninachanging,oftenhostile,world.Tomostpeople,suchahomebase,intheliteralsense,needsmorethanonepersonforsustenanceandingenerationalextension.參考譯文：在某些社會(huì)中，人們期望擁有孩子是出于所謂的家庭緣由：傳宗接代，光宗耀祖，討好祖輩，使那些涉及到家庭的宗教儀式得以正常進(jìn)展。此類緣由在現(xiàn)代世俗化的社會(huì)中似顯蒼白，但它們在其他地方曾一度構(gòu)成并確實(shí)仍在構(gòu)成強(qiáng)有力的理由。此外，有一類家庭緣由與以下類別不無共通之處，這便是：生兒育女是為了維系或改善婚姻：能拴住丈夫或者使妻子不致于無所事事；修復(fù)或重振婚姻；多子多孫，以為家庭幸福惟有此法。這一點(diǎn)更可以由其反面得到昭示：在某些社會(huì)中，無法生兒育女〔或無法生育男孩〕對婚姻而言是一種威逼，還可作為離婚的現(xiàn)成借口。后代對于家庭這一體制本身所具有的深遠(yuǎn)意義遠(yuǎn)非如此。對很多人來說，夫妻兩人尚缺乏以構(gòu)成一個(gè)真正意義上的家庭——夫妻需要孩子來豐富其兩人小天地，賜予該小天地以真正意義上的家庭性質(zhì)，并從子孫后代身上獵取某種回報(bào)。孩子需要家庭，但家庭似乎也需要孩子。家庭作為一種社會(huì)機(jī)構(gòu)，以其特有的方式，至少從原則上說，可在一個(gè)變幻莫測、常常是布滿敵意的世界中讓人從中獵取某種安全、撫慰、保障，以及價(jià)值取向。C-E原文：

2023年英語專業(yè)八級考試--翻譯局部參考譯文中國科技館的誕生來之不易。與國際著名科技館和其他博物館相比，它先天有些缺乏，后天也常缺乏養(yǎng)分，但是它成長的步伐卻是堅(jiān)實(shí)而有力的。它在國際上已被公認(rèn)為后起之秀 世界上第一代博物館屬于自然博物館，它是通過化石、標(biāo)本等向人們介紹地球和各種生物的演化歷史。其次代屬于工業(yè)技術(shù)博物館，它所展現(xiàn)的是工業(yè)文明帶來的各種階段性結(jié)果 這兩代博物館雖然起到了傳播科學(xué)學(xué)問的作用，但是，它們把參觀者當(dāng)成了被動(dòng)的旁觀者 世界上第三代博物館是布滿全理念的博物館。在這里，觀眾可以自己去動(dòng)手操作，自己細(xì)心體察。這樣，他們可以更貼近先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)，去探究科學(xué)技術(shù)的微妙。中國科技館正是這樣的博物館!它吸取了國際上一些著名博物館的特長，設(shè)計(jì)制作了力學(xué)、光學(xué)、電學(xué)、熱學(xué)、聲學(xué)、生物學(xué)等展品，展現(xiàn)了科學(xué)的原理和先進(jìn)的科技成果。參考譯文〔1〕Thefirstgenerationofmuseumsarewhatmightbecallednaturalmuseumswhich,bymeansoffossils,specimensandotherobjects,introducedtopeopletheevolutionaryhistoryoftheEarthandvariouskindsoforganisms.Thesecondgenerationarethoseofindustrialtechnologieswhichpresentedthefruitsachievedbyindustrialcivilizationatdifferentstagesofindustrialization.Despitethefactthatthosetwogenerationsofmuseumshelpedtodisseminate/propagate/spreadscientificknowledge,theyneverthelesstreatedvisitorsmerelyaspassiveviewers.Thethirdgenerationofmuseumsintheworldarethoserepletewith/fullofwhollynovelconcepts/notions/ideas.Inthosemuseums,visitorsareallowedtooperatetheexhibitswiththeirownhands,toobserveandtoexperiencecarefully.Bygettingclosertotheadvancedscienceandtechnologiesinthisway,peoplecanprobeintotheirsecretmysteries.TheChinaMuseumofScienceandTechnologyispreciselyoneofsuchmuseums.Ithasincorporatedsomeofthemostfascinatingfeaturesofthosemuseumswithinternationalreputation.Havingdesignedandcreatedexhibitsinmechanics,optics,electricalscience,thermology,acoustics,andbiology,thoseexhibitsdemonstratescientificprinciplesandpresentthemostadvancedscientificandtechnologicalachievements.參考譯文〔2〕Thefirst-generationmuseumsintheworldaremuseumsofnaturalhistory.Withfossilsandspecimenstheyintroducetopeopletheevolutionoftheearthandvariouslivingorganismsonit.Thesecond-generationmuseumsarethoseofindustrialtechnology.Fruitsofvariousstagesofindustrialcivilizationareondisplayhere.Althoughthesetwogenerationsofmuslinshaveplayedtheroleofspreadingscientificknowledge,theyregardvisitorsaspassivespectators.Theworld’sthird-generationmuseumsarefullofcompletelynewconcepts.Herevisitorscancarryoutoperationsandcarefulobservationsthemselves.Inthiswaytheycomeclosertoadvancedachievementsinscienceandtechnologysoastoprobeintotheirmystery.E-C原文

Ifpeoplemeananythingatallbytheexpression“untimelydeath”,theymustbelievethatsomedeathsnmonabetterschedulethanothers.Deathinoldageisrarelycalleduntimely—alonglifeisthoughttobeafullone.Butwiththepassingofayoungperson,oneassumesthatthebestyearslayaheadandthemeasureofthatlifewasstilltobetaken. Historydeniesthis,ofcourse.Amongprominentsummerdeaths,onerecallsthoseofMariLarryMonroeandJamesDeans,whoselivesseemedequallybriefandcomplete.WriterscannotbearthefactthatpoetJohnKeatsdiedat26,andonlyhalfplayfullyjudgetheirownlivesasfailureswhentheypassthatyear.Theideathatthelifecutshortisunfulfilledisillogicalbecauselivesaremeasuredbytheimpressionstheyleaveontheworldandbytheirintensityandvirtue.參考譯文〔1〕假設(shè)人們藉“英年早逝“這一字眼真的意欲表達(dá)什么含義的話，他們必定信任某些人的辭世可以算是壽終正寢，而另一些人則“死不逢時(shí)“ 。死于年邁很少被冠以“死不逢時(shí)“之名，由于能度過漫長的一生被認(rèn)為是甚為圓滿的。反之，假設(shè)所遇到的是一位年輕人之死，人們會(huì)以為這位年輕人風(fēng)華正茂，前途無可限量，生命的倒計(jì)時(shí)尚未真正開頭。固然，歷史否認(rèn)這一切。在諸多較為著名的“英年早逝“的情形中，我們會(huì)憶起瑪麗蓮.夢露與詹姆斯.迪恩斯之死，其生命的短暫絲毫無損于其生命的完整性。對于約翰.濟(jì)慈年方26便溘然長逝這一事實(shí)，文人墨客們皆痛不欲生，但他們中僅有半數(shù)人詼諧地認(rèn)為，設(shè)假設(shè)他們也死于這一年齡，其一生可視為失敗。視英年早逝為不圓滿，這一觀念有悖于規(guī)律，由于衡量生命的尺度乃是留給世界的印記，是生命的力度及其美德。參考譯文〔2〕提起英年“早逝”，人們或有所指。人們定會(huì)信任有些人死亡的時(shí)刻更為適宜。壽終正寢極少稱為“早逝”。長壽即意味著生命之完整。但英年早逝常令人感到逝者奇特時(shí)間尚未到來，一生之評說尚未做出。然而，歷史卻否認(rèn)這點(diǎn),提起出色的早逝者，人們定會(huì)億起瑪麗蓮·\u26790X露和詹姆士·\u36842X恩。兩人生命短暫，卻完善無缺。詩人約翰·\u27982X慈26歲與世長辭，作家們對此難以承受。而他們自己過了26歲時(shí)卻只能半開玩笑地認(rèn)為今生今世無所作為。生命短暫即未成果這—觀念荒唐無理。生命的價(jià)值取決于它留給世界的印象、它的奉獻(xiàn)及它的美德。2023年英語專業(yè)八級考試--翻譯局部參考譯文C-E原文喬羽的歌大家都生疏。但他另外兩大愛好卻鮮為人知，那就是釣魚和喝酒。晚年的喬羽寵愛垂釣，他說，“有水有魚的地方大都是有好環(huán)境的，好環(huán)境便會(huì)給人好心情。我認(rèn)為最好的釣魚場所不是舒適的、給你預(yù)備好餓魚的垂釣園，而是那極其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的場所。”釣魚是一項(xiàng)能夠陶冶性情的運(yùn)動(dòng)，有益于身心安康。喬羽說：“釣魚可分三個(gè)階段：第一階段是吃魚；其次階段是吃魚和情趣兼而有之；第三階段主要是釣趣，面對一池碧水，將憂心苦惱全都拋在一邊，使自己的身心得到充分休息?！眳⒖甲g文：Inhislateryears(Lateinhislife),QiaoYuhasbecomeenamoredoffishing(developedapenchant/specialfondnessforfishing).Heasserts:“Mostlyspeaking,aplacewithwaterandfishmustnecessarilybeblessedwithanicesetting,whichinreturnkeepspeopleingoodmood.Ibelievethattheoptimumfishingplacesarenotthosecommercialfishingcenterswhichprovidethefishermenwithalltheconveniencesandwherefisharekepthungryforreadycapture,butthosenaturally-formedplacesinthewildernesswhichexertaspecialappeal.”Accordingtohim,fishingcanconstituteanactivityconducivetothecultivationofone’stemperamentandtoone’shealth,atoncephysicalandpsychological.QiaoYuclaims:“Fishingcanbedividedintothreestages.Thefirststageconsistsofmerefish-eating;thesecondacombinationoffish-eatingandthepleasure(enjoyment)offishing;thethirdprimarilythepleasureoffishingwhen,confrontedwithapondofclearwater,oneputsasideallhistroublingvexationsandannoyancesandenjoysthetotalrelaxationbothmentallyandphysically.”原文：PossessionforitsownsakeorincompetitionwiththerestoftheneighborhoodwouldhavebeenThoreau’sideaofthelowlevels.Theactivedisciplineofheighteningone’sperceptionofwhatisenduringinnaturewouldhavebeenhisideaofthehigh.Whathesavedfromthelowwastimeandefforthecouldspendonthehigh.Thoreaucertainlydisapprovedofstarvation,buthewouldputintofeedinghimselfonlyasmucheffortaswouldkeephimfunctioningformoreimportantefforts.Effortisthegistofit.Thereisnohappinessexceptaswetakeonlife-engagingdifficulties.Shortoftheimpossible,asYeatsputit,thesatisfactionwegetfromalifetimedependsonhowhighwechooseourdifficulties.RobertFrostwasthinkinginsomethinglikethesametermswhenhespokeof“Thepleasureoftakingpains”.Themortalflawintheadvertisedversionofhappinessisinthefactthatitpurportstobeeffortless.Wedemanddifficultyeveninourgames.Wedemanditbecausewithoutdifficultytherecanbenogame.Agameisawayofmakingsomethinghardforthefunofit.Therulesofthegameareanarbitraryimpositionofdifficulty.Whensomeoneruinsthefun,healwaysdoessobyrefusingtoplaybytherules.Itiseasiertowinatchessifyouarefree,atyourpleasure,tochangethewhollyarbitraryrules,butthefunisinwinningwithintherules.Nodifficulty,nofun.參考譯文：梭羅所理解的“低層次”，即為了擁有而去擁有，或與全部的鄰居明爭暗斗而致?lián)碛?。他心目中的“高層次”，則是這樣一種樂觀的人生戒律，即要使自己對自然界永恒之物的感悟臻于完善。對于他從低層次上節(jié)約下來的時(shí)間和精力，他可將其致力于對高層次的追求。勿庸置疑，梭羅不贊成忍饑挨餓，但他在膳食方面所投入的精力僅果腹而已，只要可確保他能去從事更為重要的事務(wù)，他便別無所求。殫精竭慮，全力以赴，便是其精華所在。除非我們情愿直面那些需要我們?nèi)硇耐度氲睦щy困苦，否則便不會(huì)有幸福可言。正如葉芝所言，除卻某些不行能的情形，我們于人生中·弗羅斯特言及“以苦為樂”時(shí)，他內(nèi)心所思，大體如此。商業(yè)廣告中所宣揚(yáng)的那種幸福觀，其致命的缺陷就在于這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即它宣稱，一切幸福皆唾手可得，不費(fèi)吹灰之力。即便于玩耍之中，我們也需要有困難困苦。我們之所以需要它，由于設(shè)假設(shè)沒有困難，便斷無玩?？裳?。玩耍即是這樣一種方式，為了享受其中的情趣而人為地使事情變得不那么輕而易舉。玩耍中的種種規(guī)章，便是將困難武斷地強(qiáng)加于人。當(dāng)有人將情趣摧毀殆盡時(shí)，他總是由于拒不按玩耍規(guī)章行事而使然。這如同下棋；假設(shè)你隨心所欲、心血來潮地去更改那些全然武斷的玩耍規(guī)章，這樣去贏棋固然會(huì)更加簡潔。但下棋的情趣則在于，應(yīng)在規(guī)章的限定范圍內(nèi)贏取成功。一言以蔽之，沒有困難，斷無情趣。2023年英語專業(yè)八級考試--翻譯局部參考譯文TranslatethefollowingunderlinedpartoftextintoChinese:Theword“winner”and“l(fā)oser”havemanymeanings.Whenwerefertoapersonasawinner,wedonotmeanonewhomakessomeoneelselose.Tous,awinnerisonewhorespondsauthenticallybybeingcredible,trustworthy,responsive,andgenuine,bothasanindividualandasamemberofasociety.Winnersdonotdedicatetheirlivestoaconceptofwhattheyimaginetheyshouldbe:rather,theyarethemselvesandassuchdonotusetheirenergyputtingonaperformance,maintainingpretence,andmanipulatingothers.Theyareawarethatthereisadifferencebetweenbeinglovingandactingloving,betweenbeingstupidandactingstupid,betweenbeingknowledgeableandactingknowledgeable.Winnersdonotneedtohidebehindamask.Winnersarenotafraidtodotheirownthinkingandtousetheirownknowledge.Theycanseparatefactsfromopinionsanddon’tpretendtohavealltheanswers.Theylistentoothers,evaluatewhattheysay,butcometotheirownconclusions.Althoughwinnerscanadoreandrespectotherpeople,theyarenottotallydefined,demolished,bound,orawedbythem.Winnersdonotplay“helpless”,nordothe