12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)仿真模擬試題

12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)仿真模擬試題2016年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)仿真模擬試題2016年下半年英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試時(shí)間為12月17日，為了幫助大家更好地備考，yjbys網(wǎng)店鋪為大家提供了英語(yǔ)四級(jí)仿真模擬題，供大家備考練習(xí)。PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicCompetition.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:1.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)使人們充滿創(chuàng)造力，使人們更有效率。2.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)促使生產(chǎn)出更好的產(chǎn)品和提供更優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)。3.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)促進(jìn)了社會(huì)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。KeytoModelTestThreePartIWriting【寫(xiě)作思路】要求寫(xiě)一篇關(guān)于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的議論文。要求從以下幾個(gè)方面闡述：競(jìng)爭(zhēng)使人們充滿創(chuàng)造力，使人們更有效率;競(jìng)爭(zhēng)促使生產(chǎn)出更好的產(chǎn)品和提供更優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù);競(jìng)爭(zhēng)促進(jìn)了社會(huì)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。【參考范文】CompetitionCompetitionmakespeoplemorecreativeandeffective.Iturgesthemtoplanbetter,totryharder,andtoachievemore.Withadesiretoexcelintheirwork,peopletendtoperformmorecreativelyandmoreefficiently。Competitionhelpsproducebetterproductsandprovidebetterservices.Inthepresentworldofintensecompetition,everymanufacturetrieshisbesttooutmatchhiscompetitorbyproducinggoodsofbetterqualityatlowercosts.Asaresult,consumerspaylessandreceivebetterservice。Competitionpromotesfurtherdevelopmentofsociety.Iftherewerenocompetition,peoplewouldremaincomplacentandbeunwillingtomakeanyeffortsorriskanythingnew.However,withfiercecompetitiongoingon,theyexertthemselvestoaccomplishmore.Theiraccomplishmentwill,inonewayoranother,contributetotheprogressofsociety。PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)EarthquakeCanScientistsPredictKillerEarthquakes?ThedatewasNovember23,1980.PeoplenearNaples,insouthernItaly,felttheEarthrollandshake.Earthquake!Suddenlybuildingscametumblingdown.Cracksappearedintheearth.Withinminutes,entiretownsweredestroyed.Thousandsofpeopleweredead.Thousandsmorewereinjured。Asrescuerssearchedthroughtherubble,manypeoplemusthavewondered,ofonlythevictimshadknownaheadoftime,manylivescouldhavebeensaved。Actually,anItalianscientistdidpredictthatsuchaquakewouldhappen.In1977Dr.M.CaputooftheUniversiteDegilesStudiinRomewarnedthatalargequakewouldsoonstriketheeastofNaples.Unfortunately,hecouldn’tpredicttheexacttimeanddateofthequake。Dr.Caputomadehisgeneralpredictionaftertalkingwithscientistsat54earthquakemonitoringstationsthroughoutItaly.HelearnedthatmanyearthquakeshadrecentlyrockeddifferentareasaroundNaples.ButnonehadoccurredinoneparticularspoteastofNaplesformanyyears.Dr.Caputofeltthattheareawaslongoverdueforalargequake.Anditwas。EarthquakeStrikesinGapThequakeoccurredinaregionthatDr.Caputocalledaseismicgap.Aseismicgapisanareainanactiveearthquakeregionwherenoearthquakeorseismicactivityhasbeenrecordedinalongtime.SeismicgapsarelocatedwheretwolargeplatesintheEarthhavebecomestuck。Whentheplatesslidepasteachother,theysometimesbecamelockedinplace.Asimilarthinghappenswhenyoumakearunningleaponasidewalkwhilewearingsneakers.Whenyoulandonbothfeet,thesneakersgrabontoroughsurface.Frictiontendstoholdyourfeetbackwhiletherestofyourbodygoesforward.Youmayendupfallingflatonyourface。Inthecaseofplates,however,theunevensurfacesbetweentheplatescausetheplatestoremainlockedinplaceforyears.Hugepressurebuildsupbehindeachplate.Periodically,ashudder,ortremor,isrecordedassomeofthisenergyisreleased。Finally,afterabout50years,rockintheseismicgapeithersuddenlybreaksormovesunderthegreatstress.Thissuddenreleaseofenergysendsshockwavesthroughtherocklayersabove.Thegroundshakes,sidewalkscrack,andbuildingstumble.Amightyquakehasstruck。GapsUsedToPredictQuakesManygeologistshaveusedwhatiscalledtheseismicgaptechniquetoaccuratelypredictearthquakes.ThetechniquewasfirstdevelopedbySovietearthquakeexpertDr.V.FodotovduringhisstudiesofancientandrecentJapaneseearthquakes.Dr.Fodotovwasmarkingthelocation,size,anddateofallknownquakesinJapanwhenhenoticedastrikingpattern。AllmajorearthquakeswerefoundtooccurinonlyafewisolatedspotsinJapan.Eachofthesespots,henoted,experiencedamajorquakeonlyonceevery50to60years.Dr.Fodotovconcludedthatspotsthathadn?thadaquakeinmorethan50yearswere“ripe”foraquake.TheRussianscientistnamedtheselocationsseismicgaps。Inthepastseveralyears,geologistsfromothercountrieshavefoundseismicgapsinotherpartsoftheworld.Aftermakingdetailedstudiesofpastquakesintheseregions,thegeologistswereabletomakeanaccuratepredictionofwhenaquakewouldoccur。HowDoAnimalsKnowWhenanEarthquakeIsComing?Scientistswhotrytopredictearthquakeshavegottensomenewhelpersrecently—animals。That’sright,animals.Scientistshavebeguntocatchontowhatfarmershaveknownforthousandsofyears.Animalsoftenseemtoknowinadvancethatanearthquakeiscoming,andtheyshowtheirfearbyactinginstrangeways.BeforeaChinesequakein1975,snakesawokefromtheirwintersleepearlyonlytofreezetodeathinthecoldair.Cowsbroketheirhaltersandtriedtoescape.Chickensrefusedtoentertheircoop.Allofthisunusualbehavior,aswellasphysicalchangesintheearth,alertedChinesescientiststothecomingquake.Theymovedpeopleawayfromthedangerzoneandsavedthousandsoflives。Onetaskforscientiststodayistolearnexactlywhichtypesofanimalbehaviorpredictquakes.It’snotaneasyjob.Firstofallnoteveryanimalreactstothedangerofanearthquake.JustbeforeaCaliforniaquakein1977,forexample,anArabianstallionbecameverynervousandtriedtobreakoutofhisstall.Thehorsenexttohim,however,remainedperfectlycalm.It’salsodifficultattimestotellthedifferencebetweennormalanimalrestlessnessand“earthquakenerves”.Azookeeperoncecalledearthquakeresearcherstosaythathiscougarhadbeenactingstrangely.Itturnedoutthatthecathadanupsetstomach。Asecondtaskforscientistsistofindoutexactlywhatkindofwarningstheanimalsreceive.Theyknowthatanimals?sensefarmoreoftheworldthanhumansdo.Manyanimalscansee,hear,andsmellthingsthatpeopledonotevennotice.Somecandetecttinychangesinairpressure,gravity,orthemagnetismofEarth.Thisextrasenseprobablyhelpsanimalspredictquakes。Agoodexampleofthisoccurredwithagroupofdogs.Theywerepennedupinanareathatwasbeingshakenbyaseriesoftinyearthquakes.(Severalsmallquakesoftencomebeforeorafteralargeone。)Beforeeachquakealowboomingsoundwasheard.Eachboomcausedthedogstobarkwildly.Thenthedogsbegantobarkduringasilentperiod.Ascientistwhowasrecordingtilequakeslookedathismachine.Itwasactingasthoughtherewerealoudnoisetoo.Thescientistrealizedthatthedogshadreactedtoaboomingnoise.Theyalsosensedthetinyquakethatfollowedit.Themachinerecordedboth,thoughhumansfeltandheardnothing。Inthiscasetherewasamachinetomonitorwhatthedogsweresensing.Manytimes,however,ourmachinesrecordnothingoutoftheordinary,eventhoughanimalsknowaquakeiscoming.Theanimalsmightbesensingsomethingwesomeasurebutdonotrecognizeasawarning.Discoveringwhatanimalssense,andlearninghowtheyknowitisadangersignal,isajobforfuturescientists。1.SincenoonehadpredictedtheprecisedateoftheearthquakestrikingeastofNaples,peopletheresufferedheavylossinthedestruction。2.AseismicgapislocatedatthejunctionoftwointerlockingplatesintheEarth,andwherenoseismicactivityhasbeenrecordedforalongtime。3.Fromthepassagewelearnthataregularstrikingpatterncanbefoundinanactiveearthquakeregion。4.DuringanearthquakeinChina1975,cowsbroketheirhaltersandranawayfromtheirsheds。5.AsitisusedinParagraph13,theword“cat”referstoatypicaldomesticcat。6.Allanimalsbuttinychangedinairpressure,gravity,orthemagnetismofEarth。7.ThedogsmentionedinParagraph15hadsensedboththelowboomsandtheminorquakesfollowingthem。1.[Y][N][NG]2.[Y][N][NG]3.[Y][N][NG]4.[Y][N][NG]5.[Y][N][NG]6.[Y][N][NG]7.[Y][N][NG]8.Dr.CaputobasedhispredictionuponthefactthatlotsofearthquakeshadrecentlyoccurredinallareasaroundNaplesbutits___________。9.Accordingtotheauthor’sinformation,every50yearsorso,amightyearthquakewillberecordedat___________________。10.Chinesescientistsevacuatedpeoplefrom_____________aftertheyhadnoticedthestrangebehaviorofsomeanimalsaswellasphysicalchangesintheearth。PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionAQuestions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage。WhatisitaboutAmericansandfood?Welovetoeat,butwefeel47aboutitafterward.Wesaywewantonlythebest,butwestrangelyenjoyjunkfood.We’re48withhealthandweightlossbutfaceanunprecedentedepidemicofobesity.Perhapsthe49tothisambivalenceliesinourhistory.ThefirstEuropeanscametothiscontinentsearchingfornewspicesbutwentinvain.Thefirstcashcropwasn’teatenbutsmoked.ThentherewasProhibition,intendedtoprohibitdrinkingbutactuallyencouragingmore50waysofdoingit。Theimmigrantexperience,too,hasbeenoneofinharmony.DoasRomansdomeanseatingwhat“realAmericans”eat,butournation’sfoodhascometobe51byimports-pizza,say,orhotdogs.Andsomeofthecountry’smosttreasuredcookingcomesfrompeoplewhoarrivedhereinshackles。Perhapsitshouldcomeasnosurprisethenthatfoodhasbeenamediumforthenation’sdefiningstruggles,whetherattheBostonTeaPartyorthesit-insatsouthernlunchcounters.Itisintegraltoourconceptsofhealthandevenmoralitywhetheronerefrainsfromalcoholforreligiousreasonsorevadesmeatforpolitical52。Butstrongopinionshavenotbrought53.Americansareambivalentaboutwhattheyputintheirmouths.Wehavebecome54ofourfoods,especiallyaswelearnmoreaboutwhattheycontain。The55infoodisstillprosperousintheAmericanconsciousness.It’snocoincidence,then,thatthefirstThanksgivingholdstheAmericanimaginationinsuchbondage(束縛).It’swhatweeat—andhowwe56itwithfriends。[A]answer[B]result[C]share[D]guilty[E]constant[F]defined[G]vanish[H]adapted[I]creative[J]belief[K]suspicious[L]certainty[M]obsessed[N]identify[O]idealsSectionBPassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage。ItisnotoftenrealizedthatwomenheldahighplaceinsouthernEuropeansocietiesinthe10thand11thcenturies.Asawife,thewomanwasprotectedbythesettingupofadowry(嫁妝).Admittedly,thepurposeofthiswastoprotectheragainsttheriskofdesertion,butinrealityitsfunctioninthesocialandfamilylifeofthetimewasmuchmoreimportant.Thedowrywasthewife’srighttoreceiveatenthofallherhusband’sproperty.Thewifehadtherighttowithholdconsent,inalltransactionsthehusbandwouldmake,andmorethanjustaright;thedocumentsshowthatsheenjoyedarealpowerofdecision,equaltothatofherhusband.Innocasedothedocumentsindicateanydegreeofdifferenceinthelegalstatusofhusbandandwife。Thewifesharedinthemanagementofherhusband’spersonalproperty,buttheoppositewasnotalwaystrue.Womenseemedperfectlypreparedtodefendtheirowninheritanceagainsthusbandswhotriedtoexceedtheirrights,andonoccasiontheyshowedafinefightingspirit.AcaseinpointisthatofMariaVivas.HavingagreedwithherhusbandMirotosellafieldshehadinherited,fortheneedsofthehousehold,sheinsistedoncompensation.Nonebeingoffered,shesucceededindraggingherhusbandtothescribetohaveacontractdulydrawnupassigningherapieceoflandfromMiro’spersonalinheritance.Theunfortunatehusbandwasobligedtoagree,asthecontractsays,“forthesakeofpeace。”Eitherthroughthedowryorthroughbeinghot-tempered,thewifeknewhowtowinherself,withthecontextofthefamily,apowerfuleconomicposition。57.Originally,thepurposeofadowryisto_________。[A]giveawomantherighttoreceiveallherhusband’sproperty[B]helpawomantoenjoyahigherpositioninthefamily[C]protectawomanagainsttheriskofdesertion[D]bothAandC58.Accordingtothepassage,thelegalstatusofthewifeinmarriagewas__________。[A]higherthanthatofasinglewoman[B]higherthanthatofherhusband[C]lowerthanthatofherhusband[D]thesameasthatofherhusband59.WhydoestheauthorgiveustheexampleofMariaVivas?[A]Toshowthatthewifesharedinthemanagementofherhusband?spersonalproperty。[B]Toshowthatthewifecandefendherowninheritance。[C]Toprovethatwomenhavepowerfulposition。[D]Toillustratehowwomenwinherproperty。60.ThecompensationMariaVivasgotforthefieldis____________。[A]someofthelandMirohadinherited[B]atenthofMiro’sland[C]moneyforhouseholdexpenses[D]moneyformMiro’sinheritance61.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsMariaVivasis_____________。[A]sympathetic[B]disapproval[C]indifferent[D]objectivePassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage。Accordingtosociologists,thereareseveraldifferentwaysinwhichapersonmaybecomerecognizedastheleaderofasocialgroup.Inthefamily,traditionalculturalpatternsconferleadershipononeorbothoftheparents.Inothercases,suchasfriendshipgroups,oneormorepersonsmaygraduallyemergeasleaders,althoughthereisnoformalprocessofselection.Inlargergroups,leadersareusuallychosenformallythroughelectionorrecruitment。Althoughleadersareoftenthoughttobepeoplewithunusualpersonalability,decadesofresearchhavefailedtoproduceconsistentevidencethatthereisanycategoryof“naturalleaders”.Itseemsthatthereisnosetofpersonalqualitiesthatallleadershaveincommon;rather,virtuallyanypersonmayberecognizedasaleaderifthepersonhasqualitiesthatmeettheneedsofthatparticulargroup。Researchsuggeststhattherearetypicallytwodifferentleadershiprolesthatareheldbydifferentindividuals.Instrumentalleadershipisleadershipthatemphasizesthecompletionoftasksbyasocialgroup.Groupmemberslooktoinstrumentalleadersto“getthingsdone”.Expressiveleadership,ontheotherhand,isleadershipthatemphasizesthecollectivewell-beingsofasocialgroup’smembers.Expressiveleadersarelessconcernedwiththeoverallgoalsofthegroupthanwithprovidingemotionalsupporttogroupmembersandattemptingtominimizetensionandconflictamongthem。Instrumentalleadersarelikelytohavearathersecondaryrelationshiptoothergroupmembers.Theygiveothersandmaydisciplinegroupmemberswhoinhibitattainmentofthegroupsgoals.Expressiveleaderscultivateamorepersonalorprimaryrelationshiptoothersinthegroup.Theyoffersymp