人教版七年級上冊英語語法歸納

七年級上冊英語語法總匯(一．動詞be（is,am,are）的用法我(I)用am,你(you)用are，is跟著他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。單數(shù)名詞用is，復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。變否定，更容易，be后not加上去。變疑問，往前提，句末問號莫丟棄。還有一條須注意，句首大寫莫忘記。

二．this，that和it用法(1)this和that是指示代詞，it是人稱代詞。(2)距離說話人近的人或物用this,距離說話人遠(yuǎn)的人或物用that。如：Thisisaflower.這是一朵花。(近處)Thatisatree.那是一棵樹。(遠(yuǎn)處)(3)放在一起的兩樣?xùn)|西，先說this,后說that。如：Thisisapen.Thatisapencil.這是一支鋼筆。那是一支鉛筆。(4)向別人介紹某人時(shí)說Thisis…,不說Thatis…。如：ThisisHelen.Helen,thisisTom.這是海倫，海倫，這是湯姆。(5)Thisis不能縮寫,而Thatis可以縮寫。如：Thisisabike.That’sacar.這是一輛自行車。那是一輛轎車。(6)打電話時(shí)，介紹自己用this,詢問對方用that。如：—Hello!IsthatMissGreen?喂，是格林小姐嗎？—Yes,thisis.Who’sthat?是的，我是，你是誰？注意：雖然漢語中使用“我”和“你”，但英語中打電話時(shí)絕不可以說：Iam…,Areyou…？/Whoareyou?(7)在回答this或that作主語的疑問句時(shí),要用it代替this或that。如：①—Isthisanotebook?這是筆記本嗎？—Yes,itis.是的，它是。②—What’sthat?那是什么？—It’sakite.是只風(fēng)箏。

三．these和those用法this,that,these和those是指示代詞，these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時(shí)間,距離較近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時(shí)間、距離較遠(yuǎn)或前面已經(jīng)提到過的人或事物。①Thisismybed.ThatisLily’sbed.這是我的床。那是莉莉的床。②Thesepicturesaregood.那些畫很好。③Arethoseappletrees?那些是蘋果樹嗎？在回答主語是these或those的疑問句時(shí)，通常用they代替these或those以避免重復(fù)。如：④Arethese/thoseyourapples?這些(那些)是你的蘋果嗎？Yes,theyare.是的，他們是。

四．不定冠詞a和ana和an都是不定冠詞，表示一(個(gè)，支，本，塊……)的意思，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量概念，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)類別，用來限定名詞。a用在輔音素開頭的單數(shù)名詞前，如：apencil(一支鉛筆)，abook(一本書)；an用在元音音素開頭的名詞前，如aneraser(一塊橡皮)。如果名詞前有修飾語，用a還是用an，則以該修飾語的第一音素決定用a還是用an。如：aclock

一座鐘

anoldclock

一座舊鐘

abook

一本書

anEnglishbook

一本英語書aniceapple

一個(gè)可愛的蘋果

anapple

一個(gè)蘋果五．名詞＋’s所有格

名詞＋’s所有格

單數(shù)名詞后直接加“’s”Jim’scoat吉姆的外套Jeff’smother杰夫的媽媽

以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只加“’”Teachers’Day教師節(jié)thetwins’books雙胞胎的書

不以s結(jié)尾的不規(guī)則的名詞復(fù)數(shù)，加“’s”Children’sDay兒童節(jié)men’sshoes男式鞋

表示兩者共同擁有時(shí)，只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加’s表示兩者各自擁有時(shí)，要在每個(gè)名詞后加’sLucyandLily’smother露茜和莉莉的媽媽(共同的媽媽，一個(gè)媽媽)Lucy’sandKate’srooms露茜和凱特的房間（各自的房間，兩間房子）

六．Therebe句型(1)Therebe句型主要用以表達(dá)“某處（某時(shí)）有某人（某物）?！逼浠窘Y(jié)構(gòu)為“Therebe＋某物（某人）＋某地（某時(shí)）”其中there是引導(dǎo)詞，沒有詞義；主語是be后面的名詞，be是謂語動詞，在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中be只用is和are兩種形式。下面這首歌訣可幫你巧記there

be句型結(jié)構(gòu)：Therebe放句首，主語跟在后。地、時(shí)放句末，強(qiáng)調(diào)置前頭。如：Thereisabookonthedesk.有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)，也可把介詞短語放在句首。如：Onthedeskthereisabook.(2)Therebe句型中的be動詞如何確定呢？請先看看下面這首歌訣：Be動詞，有三個(gè)，am，is還有are?！癟herebe”真特別，不留am只留倆，那就是is還有are。要用is還是are，須看其后的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。若是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞用is，否則就用are。如：①Thereisatreebehindthehouse.②Thereissomewater（水）inthebottle（瓶子）.③Therearesomepearsinthebox.(3)注意：如果“be”后的主語是由and連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞，那么be的形式要遵循“遠(yuǎn)親不如近鄰”的原則。也就是說，“be”的形式是由與它最近的那個(gè)名詞來確定的。若那個(gè)名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞要用is，是復(fù)數(shù)就用are。如：①Thereisabookandsomepensonthefloor.②Therearesomepensandabookonthefloor.

七．like一詞的用法like用作及物動詞，譯為“喜歡”。(1)后接名詞或代詞，表示喜歡某人或某物。如：Ilikethebabyverymuch.我非常喜歡這個(gè)小孩。(2)后接動名詞(v.-ing)，表示“喜歡做某事”，著重于習(xí)慣、愛好。如：Tomlikesplayingfootball.湯姆喜歡踢足球。(3)后接動詞不定式(todo)，表示“偶爾地喜歡做某事”，著重于某次具體的行為。如：Ilikereading,butIliketowatchTVthisevening.我喜歡讀書，但我今晚想看電視。

八．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作，或表示現(xiàn)在的特征、狀態(tài)。當(dāng)主語是非第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，行為動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變化形式(見下表)。如：

句式

結(jié)構(gòu)

例句

肯定句

主語＋行為動詞原形＋其他

WespeakChinese.

否定句

主語＋don’t＋行為動詞原形＋其他

Wedon’tspeakChinese.

一般疑問句

Do＋主語＋行為動詞原形＋其他？

DoyouspeakChinese?

肯定回答否定回答

Yes，主語＋doNo，主語＋don’t

Yes,wedo.No,wedon’t.

當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，行為動詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句型變化如下：(1)肯定句在行為動詞原形后＋s/es(其構(gòu)成方法與名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)相同)。(2)否定句用助動詞doesn’t＋動詞原形。(3)一般疑問句則是把助動詞does放在句首，后面動詞用原形，回答時(shí)，肯定用“Yes，主語＋does.”；否定用“No，主語＋doesn’t.”。

句式

結(jié)構(gòu)

例句

肯定句

主語＋行為動詞s/es＋其他

ShespeaksChinese.

否定句

主語＋doesn’t＋行為動詞原形＋其他

Shedoesn’tspeakChinese.

一般疑問句

Does＋主語＋行為動詞原形＋其他？

DoesshespeakChinese?

肯定回答否定回答

Yes，主語＋doesNo，主語＋doesn’t

Yes,shedoes.No,shedoesn’t.

九．句子單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)，注意以下五要素(1)主格人稱代詞要變成相應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)主格人稱代詞,即I→we,you→you，she,he,it→they。如：Sheisagirl.→Theyaregirls.(2)am，is要變?yōu)閍re。如：I’mastudent.→Wearestudents.(3)不定冠詞a，an要去掉。如：Heisaboy.→Theyareboys.(4)普通單數(shù)名詞要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如：Itisanapple.→Theyareapples.(5)指示代詞this，that要變?yōu)閠hese，those。如：Thisisabox.→Theseareboxes.

十．英語日期的表示法英語中月份和星期名稱都是專有名詞，它們的首字母必須大寫，并且前面無需用冠詞。用英語表示日期，其順序?yàn)樵?日+年，日和年之間需用逗號隔開。如：August2nd，2003(2003年8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年來表示。如：10thMay，2003(2003年5月10日)英語日期前介詞的使用：若指在哪一年或哪一月，則用介詞in，若具體到某一天，則需用介詞on。

①Shewasbornin1989

②ShewasborninAugust.

③ShewasborninAugust1989.④Shewasbornon2ndAugust,1989.十一.名詞復(fù)數(shù)：在英語里面，名詞分可數(shù)名詞（countablenoun）和不可數(shù)名詞（uncountablenoun），不可數(shù)名詞沒有單復(fù)數(shù)之分，用時(shí)只當(dāng)單數(shù)詞用；可數(shù)名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)之分，一個(gè)的前面要用a或an，eg:apencil,abasketball,adictionary,anegg,anIDcard，而復(fù)數(shù)即兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的要作相應(yīng)的變化，情況如下：(1)

特殊詞，特殊變化，需單獨(dú)記：child→children，man→men，foot→feet，woman→womentooth→teeth，sheep→sheep，deer→deer(2)一般的詞在單數(shù)詞后直接+“s”:book→books，pen→pens，car→cars，map→maps，cartoon→cartoons(3)以s，x，sh，ch結(jié)尾的詞+“es”box→boxes，watch→watches(4)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞去掉“y”，改成“i”，再加“es”family→families，comedy→comedies(5)以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，先去掉f或fe，改成“v”再加esknife→knives，wife→wives，handkerchief→handkerchieves

十二.時(shí)間的表達(dá)法(1)

直讀式，即直接讀出時(shí)間數(shù)字7:05

sevenfive

8:16

eightsixteen(2)

過、差式，即幾點(diǎn)差幾分，幾點(diǎn)過幾分。（以30分為分界線）1:25

twenty-fivepastone

2:30

halfpasttwo3:43

seventeentofour

4:38

twenty-twotofive(3)12小時(shí)制6:00a.m.

上午6點(diǎn)

8:20p.m.

下午8點(diǎn)20分(4)24小時(shí)制13:00

13點(diǎn)鐘

22:15

22點(diǎn)15分(5)15分可用quarter4:15

aquarterpastfour

5:45

aquartertosix(6)時(shí)間前通常用at.at5o’clock

at7:30p.m.

十三.關(guān)于時(shí)間的問法(1)以when提問,“什么時(shí)候”可以是較長的時(shí)間段，也可以是較短的時(shí)間點(diǎn)①Whenisyourbirthday?

你的生日是什么時(shí)候？

②MybirthdayisDec.29th.

我的生日是12月29日。這里就是指一天的時(shí)間段①Whendoyougohome?

你幾點(diǎn)回家？

②Igohomeat4:30p.m.

我下午4：30回家.這里when問的是具體的時(shí)間。(2)具體幾點(diǎn)我們通常用whattime提問①Whattimeisitnow?

現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了？

or

What’sthetime?

幾點(diǎn)了？It’s9:26.

現(xiàn)在九點(diǎn)二十六。②Whattimeisitbyyourwatch?

你手表幾點(diǎn)了？It’s8:36.Oh,It’s50minuteslate

8:36，哦，它慢了50分鐘。③Whattimedoyougetup?

你幾點(diǎn)起床？Igetupat6:00a.m.

我早上6點(diǎn)起床。

十四.

want用法(1)想干什么用wanttodosthTheywanttojointhesportsclub.他們想加入運(yùn)動俱樂部。(2)第三人稱單數(shù)作主語，want要作變化①Hewantstoplaybasketball.②LiXiawantstoplaythepiano.(3)變疑問句，否定句要借助助動詞do或does.①－Doyouwanttoplaysoccerball?－Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.②－Doeshewanttogohomebybus?－Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t附贈資料：教師高效教學(xué)的訣竅高效教學(xué),具體應(yīng)該怎么說呢?我們很難精確地給它下一個(gè)定義,但大家都能清晰地感受到它。學(xué)生、家長甚至是那些教學(xué)水平般的教師親臨高效教學(xué)的現(xiàn)場時(shí),都能立刻感受到它。但是,能感受到并不代表能在實(shí)踐中親自做到，盡管水平一般的教師也能夠在優(yōu)秀教師的課堂上體會到高效教學(xué)的魅力,但他們卻無法在自己的課堂教學(xué)中像那些優(yōu)秀教師一樣高效。在某種程度上,他們能覺察到自己的不足,但在具體實(shí)踐的時(shí)候卻不得要領(lǐng),有勁使不出來。如果這些教師能夠掌握教學(xué)的快竅,他們同樣也能高效地教學(xué)。畢竟,教師們都有一顆上進(jìn)的心。今天我的目的就是要加深教師對于高效和低效兩種教學(xué)方法的認(rèn)識。這點(diǎn)十分重要,只有認(rèn)識到了,才能在實(shí)踐中分清這兩種教學(xué)方法的不同今天,我們首先對下面所列的典型教學(xué)方法做出自己的判斷?？纯此鼈兪菍儆诟咝Ы虒W(xué)法,還是屬于低效教學(xué)法。高效教學(xué)與低效教學(xué)測試：1.講課時(shí)的開場白是:“打開教材,翻到第×頁?！?低效)2.在課堂上盡量多用體驗(yàn)式教學(xué)法。(高效)3.和學(xué)生建立起愉快、輕松的師生關(guān)系。(高效)4.高度依賴書本。(低效)5.把課本當(dāng)做教學(xué)資源和教學(xué)工具來用。(高效)6.多微笑。(高效)7.大部分時(shí)間都顯得很嚴(yán)肅。(低效)8.教學(xué)實(shí)踐中大量羅列文字。(低效)9.處理學(xué)生問題時(shí),聲調(diào)提高并且表現(xiàn)出失望沮喪的情緒。(低效)10.任何時(shí)候都表現(xiàn)得冷靜、專業(yè)。(高效)11.在課堂上多次進(jìn)行有組織的討論活動。(高效)12.鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生合作解決問題。(高效)13.測試中出現(xiàn)的題目不超出課堂教授的內(nèi)容。(高效)14.測試中出現(xiàn)令學(xué)生感到束手無策的題目。(低效)15.和學(xué)生陷入激烈的爭吵。(低效)16.私下里解決個(gè)別學(xué)生的問題。(高效)17.當(dāng)眾令學(xué)生難堪。(低效)18.詳細(xì)地準(zhǔn)備教學(xué)細(xì)節(jié),以產(chǎn)生最佳的學(xué)習(xí)效果。(高效)19.重復(fù)使用同一套教學(xué)計(jì)劃。(低效)20.不斷學(xué)習(xí)并實(shí)踐新的教學(xué)法。(高效)21.在課堂教學(xué)中緊密聯(lián)系學(xué)生的實(shí)際生活。(高效)22.拒絕改變。(低效)23.勇于接納并追求成長和進(jìn)步所必須的變化。(高效)24.經(jīng)常和學(xué)生談?wù)摲e極向上的話題。(高效)25.經(jīng)常和學(xué)生談?wù)撠?fù)面的話題。(低效)26.對每個(gè)學(xué)生都充滿信心。(高效)27.盡自己所能和家長保持溝通,讓他們了解到學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)狀況。(高效)28.重視學(xué)生的長處。(高效)29.發(fā)自內(nèi)心地?zé)釔劢虒W(xué)。(高效)30.認(rèn)為教學(xué)是一件麻煩的事情。(低效)31.經(jīng)常抱怨。(低效)32.和同事保持良好的關(guān)系,相互促進(jìn)提高。(高效33.為了學(xué)生的成功奉獻(xiàn)一切。(高效)34.認(rèn)為每個(gè)學(xué)生都能成功,并平等地對待每個(gè)人。(高效)35.不放棄任何一個(gè)學(xué)生。(高效)我相信你看完上面的教學(xué)方式后一定會有自己的判斷。但如果你能無所畏懼地面對自己的內(nèi)心,那么你一定會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在實(shí)踐中或多或少存在一些低效的做法。九年級英語上冊期末試卷學(xué)校姓名準(zhǔn)考證號聽力理解(共30分)聽對話，從下面各題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇與對話內(nèi)容相符的圖片。每段對話你將聽兩遍。（共5分，每小題1分）1．A． B． C.2．A． B． C．3．A． B． C.4．A． B． C．5．B． C．聽對話或獨(dú)白，根據(jù)對話或獨(dú)白的內(nèi)容，從下面各題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。每段對話或獨(dú)白你將聽兩遍。（共15分，每小題1.5分）請聽一段對話，完成第6至第7小題。6.Whatdayisbetterfortheboytodosports?A.Monday. B.Tuesday. C.Wednesday.7.Whatsportdoestheboylike?A.Volleyball. B.Basketball. C.Tennis.請聽一段對話，完成第8至第9小題。8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Schoollife. B.Familymembers. C.Peopleattheparty.9.WhatisJennylike?A.Sheisfriendly.B.Sheisboring. C.Sheisquiet.請聽一段對話，完成第10至第11小題。10.Whatisthemangoingtobuytoday?A.Awhitesweater. B.AredT-shirt.C.Ablueshirt.11.Howmuchisthemangoingtopay?A.$30. B.$50. C.$100. 請聽一段對話，完成第12至第13小題。12.Wheredoestheboydohisworkexperience?A.Inarestaurant. B.Atschool. C.Inahotel. 13.Whatdoestheboythinkoftheworkexperience?A.Goodbutabittiring.B.Greatbuttooeasy.C.Hardandboring.請聽一段獨(dú)白，完成第14至第15小題。14.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Givingsomesuggestions.B.Makinganintroduction.C.Leadingaconversation.15.Whatcanwelearnfromthetalk?A.AnInsect’sLifeisascaryfilm.B.Wecan’twatchPolicewatchtonight. C.ThetenniscompetitionswillstartinJuly.三、聽對話，記錄關(guān)鍵信息，本段對話你將聽兩遍。（共10分，每小題2分）請根據(jù)所聽到的對話內(nèi)容和提示詞語，將所缺的關(guān)鍵信息填寫在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置上ShopassistantwantedWhere:16.Melody______Shop,HappyStreetWhen:17.every______Workhours:18.from______amto7:00pmWhattodo:19.helpcustomersanddosome______Payment:◆under18:￡5anhour◆20.adults:￡______anhour知識運(yùn)用（共25分）四、單項(xiàng)填空（共10分，每小題1分）從下列各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。21. ThehandsomeboyisfromClass2.______nameisJohn.A.Her B.His C.Your D.Their22. Wedrove5hoursandfinallygottothecity_____Sundaymorning.A.on B.at C.of D.in23. Wedidnotenjoytheday______theweatherwastoobad. A.or B.because C.but D.so24. Iknockedonthedoorbut______answered.A.somebody B.anybody C.everybody D.nobody25. Afteralotofhardpracticehewasabletojumpmuch______thanbefore.A.high B.higher C.highest D.thehighest26. I______myhomeworkonthecomputerwhenthepowerwentout.A.wasdoing B.willdo C.do D.did27. Janeisveryfriendly.Sometimesshe______herneighbourstopartiesattheweekend.A.invite B.invites C.invited D.willinvite28. —Doyouknoweachother?—Ofcourse.We______friendsforalmosttwentyyears!A.areB.were C.willbe D.havebeen29. Manyroads______forthecomingWinterOlympicsnextyear.A.build B.willbuild C.arebuilt D.willbebuilt30. —WhatdidMr.Leesayjustnow?—Heasked______lastweek.A.wherewehadapicnic B.wheredidwehaveapicnic C.wherewewillhaveapicnic D.wherewillwehaveapicnic五、完形填空（共15分，每小題1.5分）閱讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。RunningAwayOnaverybusyday,ourfourandahalfyearoldson,JustinCarl,keptmakingtroubleagainandagain.Afterseveraltries,myhusbandGeorgefinallytoldhimtostandinthecorner.Hedidso31hewasn’ttoohappyaboutit.Finally,afterafewminutes,hesaid,“I’mgoingtorunawayfromhome.”Myfirstreaction(反應(yīng))wassurprise,andthenhiswords32me.“Youare?”Ishouted.ButasIturnedtolookathim,helookedlikeanangel,sosmall,soinnocent,withhisfacesosad.Asmyheartfelthis33,IrememberedamomentinmyownchildhoodwhenIspokethosewordsandhowunlovedandlonelyIfelt.Hewassayingsomuchmorethanjusthiswords.Hewascrying,“Pleasenoticeme!I’mimportant.Pleasemakemefeelwanted,lovedand34.”“OK,Justin,youcanrunawayfromhome,”Isaidtohimgentlyandstarted35outsomeclothes.“Well,we’llneedpajamas,yourcoat…”“Mama,”hesaid,“whatareyoudoing?”Iputthesethingsintoabagand36itbythefrontdoor.“Okay,Justin,ifyou’regoingtorunawayfromhome,thenMama’sgoingwithyou,becauseIwouldneverwantyoutobealone.”Weheldeachotherwhilewetalked.“Whydoyouwanttocomewithme?”Ilookedintohis37.“BecauseIloveyou,Justin.Mylifewouldneverbethesameifyouwentaway.”“CanDaddycome?”“No,Daddyhastostayathomewithyourbrothers,andhehastoworkand38thehousewhilewe’regone.”“CanFreddi(thedog)come?”“No,Freddihastostayhere,too.”He39forawhileandsaid,“Mama,canwestayhome?”“Yes,wecan.”“Mama.”“Yes,Justin?”“Iloveyou.”“Iloveyou,too,honey.Howaboutyouhelpmemakesomepopcorn?”“Allright.”AtthatmomentIknewthewonderfulgiftthatIhadbeengiven.Itwastheimportant40tohelpdevelopachild’ssenseofsecurity(安全感).IlearnedthatasamotherIshouldnever“runaway”fromtheopportunitytoshowmychildrentheyarewanted,neededandloved.31.A.because B.but C.or D.so32.A.attracted B.interested C.angered D.excited33.A.pain B.surprise C.effort D.tiredness34.A.offered B.served C.helped D.needed 35.A.working B.picking C.giving D.handing36.A.placed B.took C.cleaned D.wore37.A.mouth B.hands C.eyes D.ears38.A.runoutof B.lookat C.lookinto D.takecareof39.A.laughed B.thought C.cried D.played40.A.meaning B.advantage C.benefit D.responsibility閱讀理解（共50分）六、閱讀理解（共30分，每小題2分）閱讀下面的四篇短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。AExploreLancashireMuseumsMuseumofLancashireMuseumofLancashireisoneofPreston’soldestbuildings.Itisyourgatewaytomorethan2000yearsofLacashire’shistory.ThismuseumishousedinthepastQuarterSessionsHouse.Address:StanleyStreet,PrestonClitheroeCastleMuseumThemuseumstandshighonCastleHill,whichhaswatchedClitheroe’sskylineforover800years.Ourmuseumwilltakeyouonajourneythrough350millionyearshistoryofthelocalarea.Address:CastleHill,ClitheroeLancasterCityMuseumLancasterCityMuseumishousedinGeorgianbuilding.IttellsthestoryofLancaster’spastfromtheRomantimes.Youcanalsoseeourcollectionofpaintingsofthattime.Address:MarketSquare,LancasterCottageMuseumCottageMuseumtellsyouaboutearlyVictorianlifeandletsyoudiscovertoolsusedinthe19thcentury.Address:15CastleHill,Lancaster41.WhichmuseumisoneofPreston’soldestbuildings?A.CottageMuseum. B.MuseumofLancashire.C.LancasterCityMuseum.D.ClitheroeCastleMuseum.42.WhereisClitheroeCastleMuseum?A.At15CastleHill. B.AtStanleyStreet,Preston.C.OnCastleHill,Clitheroe. D.AtMarketSquare,Lancaster.44.YoucangotoCottageMuseumtolearnabout______.A.2000yearshistoryofLancashire B.350millionyearshistoryofClitheroeC.Lancaster’spastfromtheRomantimes D.earlyVictorianlifeandtoolsfromthattimeBIn2011,KylieDunn,awriterfromAustralia,decidedtoshakeupherlife.Everymonthforayear,shedecidedtotrytwonewactivities.InFebruary2012,forexample,oneofhergoalswastoeatlessmeatfor30days.Later,shewrotealettertoafriendorrelativeeverydayforamonth.Injust12months,shechangedherlifeinmorethan20differentways.DunnwasinspiredtotryherprojectafterwatchingaTEDTalkbyMattCutts.Togetideasforactivities,shewatchedhundredsofotherTEDTalks.Herfirstactivity,inNovember2011,wasinspiredbyJessiArrington’stalk“WearNothingNew.”Dunntriedeachactivityfor30days,andthenwroteaboutherexperiencesinablogcalled“MyYearofTED.”Finally,whenherprojectwasover,DunntalkedaboutherexperiencesataTEDxconference(會議)inHobart,Australia.Dunn’stalkinJanuary2014inspiredotherpeopletochangetheirattitudesandtheirlives.Beforeherproject,Dunnsays,shedidn’tthinkshehadthecouragetochangeherlife.Theprojectshowedhershehadmorepowerthanshethought.“PeoplewhowatchTEDTalks…endupchangingtheirviewofthefuture,”saysChrisAnderson,theheadofTED.HesaysthatTED’sgoalisn’ttomakeasinglebigchange.TED’seffectisthemillionsofstoriesofsmallchanges.PersonalchangeslikeKylieDunn’sarehappeningeveryday.Together,thesechangeshavethepowertochangethefutureinapositiveway.AsAndersonexplains,“Insteadofthinkingofthefutureasanunstoppableforce…peoplecanplayapartinshapingit.”45.WhatwasKylieDunn’sgoalinFebruary2012?A.Tostartablog. B.Toeatlessmeat.C.Tomakenewfriends. D.Towearnothingnew. 46.WhatdidKylieDunn’sprojectshowher?A.Shehadmorepowerthanshethought.B.ShewouldlivebetterbecauseofTEDTalks.C.ShecouldgivegoodspeechesonTEDTalks.D.Shecouldchangeherlifebywearingnewclothes.47.WhatisTED’sgoalaccordingtoChrisAnderson?A.Tomakeseriousspeeches.B.Tomakeasinglebigchange.C.Tomakesmallchangeseveryday.D.Tostoppeople’slifefromchanging.48.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.JessiArrington’sblogiscalled“MyYearofTED”.B.KylieDunnisaheadleaderofTEDfromAustralia.C.DunnwasinspiredtotryherprojectbyChrisAnderson.D.DunnsharedherexperiencesataTEDxconferencein2014.CHowlongamIgoingtolive?Nobodyreallyknowstheanswertothatquestion,butscientistsareveryinterestedintryingtounderstandthevariousfactors(因素)involved.Firstly,itdependsalotonwhatyoueat.ThecountrywiththelongestaveragelifespanisJapan.Onaverage,womenliveto82.5yearsandmenliveto76.2years.ScientiststhinkthatdietinJapanisamainreasonthatJapanesepeoplelivealongtime;theyusuallyeatlotsoffishandseafoodandnotmuchjunkfood.Aswellasdiet(飲食),lifestylehabitsalsoseemtomakeadifferencetolifespan.Onaverage,marriedpeoplelivelongerthansinglepeopleandpetownerslivelongerthannon-petowners.Beingmentallyactiveanddoingphysicalexercisearealsoveryimportantlifestylehabits.Studiesofveryoldpeople,however,don’talwayssupportthescientifictheories.Manyoldpeopledon’teathealthilyanddon’tdomuchexercise.JeanneCalment,theworld’soldestpersonever,certainlygoesagainstscientificideas.ShewasborninFrancein1875anddiedaged122.Didsheusetohavegoodlifestylehabits?Well,accordingtoscientists,shehadsomeverygoodhabits:shedidplentyofphysicalexerciseandusedtorideabicycleuntilshewas100.Shewasgoodatthinkingpositivelyandshedidn’tusetoworryaboutthings.Scientistsaresurprised,however,byoneofherotherhabits:shedidn’tusedtoeatveryhealthily.Sheusedtoeatmorethantwopoundsofchocolateaweek.Sothereisanotherfactorinvolvedinhowlongwelive.Scientistsnowthinkthatsomepeoplewerebornwithgenes(基因)thatprotectthemfromaginganddiseasesbetterthanotherpeople.Forexample,JeanneCalmentprobablyhadagenethatstoppedherfromgettingcancer(癌癥)thatotherpeoplemaygetagedfortyorfifty.Somescientistsbelievethatwecanchangeourgenesbyeatingalow-caloriediet.Experimentswithmiceshowthatwhentheyeatonethirdfewercalorieseveryday,theylivefortypercentlonger.Inhumanterms,that’sthesameaslivingto170yearsold.There’snoproofthatitworksinhuman,however,andperhapsit’sbesttoenjoythedaysyou’vegotratherthanbehungryallyourlife!49.Accordingtothepassage,lifespanisaffectedby____factors.A.2 B.3 C.4 D.550.ScientiststhinkthatJeanneCalmentlivedthelongestprobablybecause______.A.sheusedtoeatalotofchocolateB.shehadonlygoodhabitsinherlifeC.shedidn’tgetcancerwhenshewasfiftyD.shehadhealthygenestoprotectherself51.Thewritermayagreethat______.A.humanswilllivefortyyearslongeriftheyeatonethirdlessjunkfoodB.beingmentallyactiveismoreimportantthanhavinghealthydietC.peopleshouldeatmorelow-caloriefoodtochangetheirgenesD.sometimesenjoyinglifeismoreimportantthanlivinglongerDAlmosttwo-thirdsofalladultsnowsurftheInternet.Wespendmoreandmoreofourtimelookingatcomputerscreens.Thequestioniswhetherthisbehaviourisdrivinghumanbeingsapartorbringingustogether.WilltheInternetmaketheworldahappierorlesshappyplace?ThesocialscientistRobertPutnamsaid,“IthinkpeoplearestillnotsureaboutwhethertheInternetisgoingtobeakindoftelephoneformakingconnectionswithotherrealpeople,oratelevision,thatisyetonemorescreeninfrontofus.I'malsodoubtfulaboutacompletevirtual(虛擬的)community–thatistheideayoucanbebestfriendswithsomeonethatyoudon'tevenknow.”However,allisnotlost.ResearchintheUKhasshownthatpeoplewhosurftheInternethavemorefriendsthanthosewhodonot.RobertPutnamsaysthekeyisinmixingtherealandvirtualexperience.Thehugegrowthine-mails,blogsandmessengerserviceshascreatedahostofnewsocialnetworkswhichdefygeography.Teenagers,especially,increasinglykeepintouchwithfriendsonlinebuttheyarealsodevelopingnewrelationshipswithpeoplewhomayshareaninterestbutliveontheothersideoftheworld.Anewinnovation(創(chuàng)新)isthecreationofvirtualworldswhichpromiseasociallifeinvirtualspace.SecondLifeisanInternetcommunitywithapopulationofmorethan100,000realpeople.Eachmemberofthecommunitycontrolsa3-dimensionalpuppet(三維木偶)calledanavatarwhichshowtheirpersonality.Theycanthentakepartinmanykindsofsocialactivities–parties,dancingclassesandshows.Couldthisbetheanswertosociallonelinessintherealworld?AleksKrotoski,avideogamesinventor,saystheInternetoffersnewpossibilities:“Thesevirtualspacesareabletocreatehappinessbetweenpeople.There'ssomuchsociallyintheseplacesnow.It'sverymuchaboutaplacetogotoevents,meetpeopleorjustchat.IcanimaginethatthiskindofthingiswhattheInternetisgoingtobelikeinthefuture.Itwillbelikea3-dimensionalspacethatactuallylooksverymuchliketherealworld.”52.AccordingtoRobertPutnam,______.A.theInternetisadevicetoconnectwithrealfriends B.morepeoplesurftheInternetnowtomakemorefriendsC.wehadbettermakefriendsinbothrealandvirtualworldsD.youcanfindyourbestfriendincompletevirtualcommunities53.Theunderlinedword“defy”inParagraph4probablymeans______.A.challenge B.consider C.support D.test54.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.A.allInternetcommunitieswillbe3-dimensionalinthefutureB.peoplecanhavesociallifeinvirtualspaceslikerealworldC.virtualspaceswillbetheonlywaytocreatehappinessD.SecondLifewillnevermakepeoplefeellonely55.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Doeshappinessliveinvirtualspaces?B.Areteenagersgettingclosertoeachother?C.Dovideogameshelpwithsocialloneliness?D.Dovirtualcommunitieslooklikerealworld?七、閱讀還原句子（共10分，每小題2分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的五個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。每個(gè)選項(xiàng)只能用一次。TopFiveSecretsofSuccessDoyouwanttosucceed?Followourfivesecretsandyoucanmakeit!First,startyoung.That’swhatpopstarShakiradid.56.______.Andfornineyears,shewrotesongsandsangforherfriends.Forthelast15years,shehasbeenoneofthemostsuccessfulpopsingersintheworld.57.______.WhenStevenSpielbergdidn’tgetintofilmschool,hepretendedhehadajobatUniversalStudios.Hewalkedconfidentlypastsecurityguardsandworkedthereforthreemonths.Fornearly40years,SpielberghasdirectedmanyHollywoodfilms.58.______.Ourthirdtipisworkhard–veryhard.MicrosoftfounderBillGatesisagoodexample;foraboutfiveyear,whenhewasateenager,hespent10,000hoursworkingonabasiccomputer.Hishardworkgavehimabigadvantageoverotherpeople.59.______.Attheageoffive,NocakDjokovicdecidedhedidn’twanttobeagoodtennisplayer,andhewantedtobethebesttennisplayerintheworld.In2011,hebecametheWorldNumberOne.Finally,keeptrying.J.K.Rowlingdidn’tgiveupafterbeingrejectedbytwelvepublishers.60.______.Forthelasttenyears,J.K.Rowlinghasbeenaverysuccessfulwriter.Followourfive-pointplanandyouwillsucceed!A.Itisn’tjustconfidenceB.NexttipistosetyourgoalshighC.Shefirstperformedinpublicaged4D.Ifyoucan’tstartyoung,thenbeconfidentE.Fortwoyears,shetriedtogetthempublished八、閱讀與表達(dá)（共10分，每小題2分）閱讀短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容回答問題。ManypeoplethinktheEnglishdonotliketospeakotherlanguages.Infact,theEnglishvocabularyisamixture(混合體)ofwordsfrommanydifferentlanguages.Becauseofthis,thevocabularyoftheEnglishlanguageisverylarge.Itismuchlargerthanthatofalmosteveryotherlanguageintheworld.ManyEnglishwordscomefromLatin,theoldlanguageofRome,andalsofromancientGreek(希臘語).FromLatinwegetwordslike“wine”,“use”and“day”.FromancientGreekwehavewordssuchas“ink”.BecausethesetwolanguagesaredeadlanguagesthewordshavemostoftencomethroughotherlanguagessuchasFrench,ortheoldGermanlanguages.Thereareals