番茄紅素環(huán)化酶（LCYB）基因的克隆及生物信息學(xué)分析

緒論1.1香雪蘭的概述香雪蘭又被稱作小蒼蘭。香雪蘭在冬季和春季開花，顏色呈白色，具有香味ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>史益敏</Author><Year>1997</Year><RecNum>6</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[1]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>6</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="se5etpva8tzzvvex2pq5xwvq0sx9ddrer522"timestamp="1559637233">6</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>史益敏</author><author>陶懿偉</author><author>秦文英</author><author>費(fèi)雪南</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>上海農(nóng)學(xué)院植物系</auth-address><titles><title>低溫和植物生長調(diào)節(jié)劑對(duì)香雪蘭開花的影響</title><secondary-title>園藝學(xué)報(bào)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>園藝學(xué)報(bào)</full-title></periodical><pages>82-85</pages><keywords><keyword>香雪蘭</keyword><keyword>赤霉素</keyword><keyword>乙烯</keyword><keyword>低溫處理</keyword><keyword>開花</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1997</year></dates><isbn>0513-353X</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=QK199700892299</url></related-urls></urls><remote-database-provider>北京萬方數(shù)據(jù)股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[1]。經(jīng)常用花色來分類香雪蘭，一般分為黃色系、白色系、紅色系等。由于香雪蘭在初春的時(shí)候開花，加上它的香味清幽怡人，花姿清秀，顏色豐富典雅，花型花系變化多端。觀賞的價(jià)值很高，而且作為切花和盆花都很適宜，經(jīng)常用于切花、提取浸膏和盆栽等。該品種原產(chǎn)非洲南部的好望角。在荷蘭，香雪蘭很受歡迎，被廣泛種植，種植面積在荷蘭排第二ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>高玉芳</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>8</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[2]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>8</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="se5etpva8tzzvvex2pq5xwvq0sx9ddrer522"timestamp="1559637398">8</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>高玉芳</author><author>趙志昆</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>臨沂師范學(xué)院實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù)中心,山東,臨沂,576005 臨沂師范學(xué)院農(nóng)林學(xué)院,山東,臨沂,276005</auth-address><titles><title>小蒼蘭的繁殖與栽培管理技術(shù)</title><secondary-title>安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)</full-title></periodical><pages>901-902</pages><volume>34</volume><number>5</number><keywords><keyword>小蒼蘭</keyword><keyword>快速繁殖</keyword><keyword>栽培管理</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2006</year></dates><isbn>0517-6611</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=ahnykx200605037</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2006.05.037</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京萬方數(shù)據(jù)股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[2]。1.1.1香雪蘭的形態(tài)特征香雪蘭在的開花時(shí)間一般每年春季與冬季，夏季的時(shí)候休眠，植株小。香雪蘭的\t"/item/%E9%A6%99%E9%9B%AA%E5%85%B0/_blank"花莖直立且細(xì)長，上部有2~3個(gè)分枝，下部著生數(shù)枚葉；主花莖在第一朵小花處接近直角彎曲，花序上面的所有小花都朝上開，小花8~16朵左右ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>孫憶</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>9</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[3]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>9</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="se5etpva8tzzvvex2pq5xwvq0sx9ddrer522"timestamp="1559647608">9</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>孫憶</author><author>李璽</author><author>丁蘇芹</author><author>史益敏</author><author>唐東芹</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>上海交通大學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)與生物學(xué)院;</auth-address><titles><title>小蒼蘭開花特性與繁育系統(tǒng)研究</title><secondary-title>園藝學(xué)報(bào)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>園藝學(xué)報(bào)</full-title></periodical><pages>299-308</pages><volume>45</volume><number>02</number><keywords><keyword>小蒼蘭</keyword><keyword>花部結(jié)構(gòu)</keyword><keyword>雜交指數(shù)</keyword><keyword>花粉/胚珠比</keyword><keyword>繁育系統(tǒng)</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2018</year></dates><isbn>0513-353X</isbn><call-num>11-1924/S</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[3]?；o梗，每朵花的基部都有一個(gè)苞片，苞片呈卵圓形；花有白、黃、粉、桃紅、紫紅、雪青、藍(lán)紫等顏色，色彩十分豐富，有香味；雄蕊有3枚，生于花被管上面，長2厘米左右；自然花期在4月或者5月。根系主要有兩種類型，主要吸收根和牽引根ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>高玉芳</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>8</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[2]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>8</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="se5etpva8tzzvvex2pq5xwvq0sx9ddrer522"timestamp="1559637398">8</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>高玉芳</author><author>趙志昆</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>臨沂師范學(xué)院實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù)中心,山東,臨沂,576005 臨沂師范學(xué)院農(nóng)林學(xué)院,山東,臨沂,276005</auth-address><titles><title>小蒼蘭的繁殖與栽培管理技術(shù)</title><secondary-title>安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)</full-title></periodical><pages>901-902</pages><volume>34</volume><number>5</number><keywords><keyword>小蒼蘭</keyword><keyword>快速繁殖</keyword><keyword>栽培管理</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2006</year></dates><isbn>0517-6611</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=ahnykx200605037</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2006.05.037</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京萬方數(shù)據(jù)股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[2]。1.1.2生態(tài)特性香雪蘭對(duì)生存環(huán)境較有要求，必須有充足的陽光以及足夠的光照時(shí)間，御寒能力較差。喜歡晝夜溫差大的環(huán)境，可以對(duì)其生長發(fā)育有很大的幫助。但是香雪蘭受不了寒冷，在長江往北的地區(qū)都不可以露地過冬。要在溫室或者塑料大棚中進(jìn)行栽培ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>高玉芳</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>8</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[2]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>8</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="se5etpva8tzzvvex2pq5xwvq0sx9ddrer522"timestamp="1559637398">8</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>高玉芳</author><author>趙志昆</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>臨沂師范學(xué)院實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù)中心,山東,臨沂,576005 臨沂師范學(xué)院農(nóng)林學(xué)院,山東,臨沂,276005</auth-address><titles><title>小蒼蘭的繁殖與栽培管理技術(shù)</title><secondary-title>安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)</full-title></periodical><pages>901-902</pages><volume>34</volume><number>5</number><keywords><keyword>小蒼蘭</keyword><keyword>快速繁殖</keyword><keyword>栽培管理</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2006</year></dates><isbn>0517-6611</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=ahnykx200605037</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2006.05.037</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京萬方數(shù)據(jù)股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[2]。在香雪蘭的生長過程中，短時(shí)間的日照可以有助于促進(jìn)花和芽的分化；如果在萌芽初期對(duì)香雪蘭進(jìn)行低溫處理的話則有春化的效果。生長過程中，保持高溫可以使香雪蘭提前開花，但這樣是容易使植株羸弱。1.1.3繁殖方法香雪蘭主要是用種球和種子兩種方法進(jìn)行繁殖。使用種子繁殖的方法，不但可以防止退化和保存種質(zhì)，而且也可以有效的開展新品種選育ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>黃敏玲</Author><Year>2008</Year><RecNum>12</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[4]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>12</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="se5etpva8tzzvvex2pq5xwvq0sx9ddrer522"timestamp="1559647723">12</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>黃敏玲</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>福建對(duì)小蒼蘭進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究</title><secondary-title>中國花卉園藝</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>中國花卉園藝</full-title></periodical><pages>24-25</pages><number>5</number><keywords><keyword>福建</keyword><keyword>小蒼蘭</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2008</year></dates><isbn>1009-8496</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zghhyy200805009</url></related-urls></urls><remote-database-provider>北京萬方數(shù)據(jù)股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[4]。香雪蘭在自然的條件下，結(jié)果率只有10%左右，但是有研究顯示，使用人工輔助授粉的話，可以有效提高結(jié)果率。此外，研究人員認(rèn)為通過種子繁殖方式繁殖的植株病蟲害會(huì)比較少。在生產(chǎn)中，種球容易患病，影響到香雪蘭的產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量。栽培前挑選出不患病的種球、消毒種球、消毒土壤等有助于提高的生產(chǎn)率。根據(jù)研究顯示,香雪蘭的播種深度對(duì)種球的生長有重要的作用。深播種比淺播種得到的種球數(shù)多，但是非常容易產(chǎn)生畸形球。淺播得到的種球的重量、合格率、總重量等方面都要優(yōu)秀得多ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>舒禎</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>16</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[5]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>16</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="se5etpva8tzzvvex2pq5xwvq0sx9ddrer522"timestamp="1559647818">16</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>舒禎</author><author>唐東芹</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>上海交通大學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)與生物學(xué)院,上海,200240</auth-address><titles><title>小蒼蘭的研究現(xiàn)狀與進(jìn)展</title><secondary-title>江蘇農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>江蘇農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)</full-title></periodical><pages>192-196</pages><number>3</number><keywords><keyword>小蒼蘭</keyword><keyword>組織培養(yǎng)</keyword><keyword>休眠</keyword><keyword>育種</keyword><keyword>切花衰老</keyword><keyword>繁殖</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2010</year></dates><isbn>1002-1302</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=jsnykx201003077</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3969/j.issn.1002-1302.2010.03.077</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京萬方數(shù)據(jù)股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[5]。1.1.4栽培技術(shù)栽培香雪蘭使用沙壤土最好ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>黃敏玲</Author><Year>2008</Year><RecNum>12</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[4]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>12</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="se5etpva8tzzvvex2pq5xwvq0sx9ddrer522"timestamp="1559647723">12</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>黃敏玲</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>福建對(duì)小蒼蘭進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究</title><secondary-title>中國花卉園藝</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>中國花卉園藝</full-title></periodical><pages>24-25</pages><number>5</number><keywords><keyword>福建</keyword><keyword>小蒼蘭</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2008</year></dates><isbn>1009-8496</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zghhyy200805009</url></related-urls></urls><remote-database-provider>北京萬方數(shù)據(jù)股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[4]。雪蘭在切花生產(chǎn)中種球極易染病，會(huì)影響質(zhì)量和產(chǎn)量，也會(huì)影響到經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。所以在栽種前挑除掉染病的種球，對(duì)種球進(jìn)行消毒，更換土壤，對(duì)土壤進(jìn)行消毒非常有助于香雪蘭的高產(chǎn)優(yōu)產(chǎn)ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>鄭恭</Author><Year>1989</Year><RecNum>17</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[6]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>17</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="se5etpva8tzzvvex2pq5xwvq0sx9ddrer522"timestamp="1559647957">17</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>鄭恭</author><author>王景豪</author><author>喬楠</author><author>潘重光</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>上海農(nóng)學(xué)院園林環(huán)境科學(xué)系,上海農(nóng)學(xué)院園林環(huán)境科學(xué)系,上海農(nóng)學(xué)院園林環(huán)境科學(xué)系,上海農(nóng)學(xué)院植物科學(xué)系</auth-address><titles><title>小蒼蘭復(fù)壯的栽培措施研究</title><secondary-title>上海農(nóng)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>上海農(nóng)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)</full-title></periodical><pages>163-168</pages><number>03</number><keywords><keyword>小蒼蘭</keyword><keyword>復(fù)壯</keyword><keyword>栽培措施</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1989</year></dates><isbn>1671-9964</isbn><call-num>31-1837/S</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[6]。1.1.5香雪蘭的主要價(jià)值(1)觀賞作用：由于香雪蘭的開花時(shí)間早、顏色鮮艷，香味芬芳清新，插花期較長，可在早春、春節(jié)上市，不但可以作為切花栽培，也可以在溫室培養(yǎng)。香雪蘭的香氣芬芳，開花延續(xù)時(shí)間長，容易培養(yǎng)，所以深受人們的喜愛ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Shan</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>18</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[7]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>18</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="se5etpva8tzzvvex2pq5xwvq0sx9ddrer522"timestamp="1559648064">18</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>XiaotongShan</author><author>YueqingLi</author><author>SongYang</author><author>RuifangGao</author><author>LiudiZhou</author><author>TingtingBao</author><author>TaotaoHan</author><author>ShucaiWang</author><author>XiangGao</author><author>LiWang</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>KeyLaboratoryofMolecularEpigeneticsofMOEandInstituteofGenetics&Cytology,NortheastNormalUniversity,Changchun,China;;NationalDemonstrationCenterforExperimentalBiologyEducation,NortheastNormalUniversity,Changchun,China</auth-address><titles><title>AfunctionalhomologueofArabidopsisTTG1fromFreesiainteractswithbHLHproteinstoregulateanthocyaninandproanthocyanidinbiosynthesisinbothFreesiahybridaandArabidopsisthaliana</title><secondary-title>PlantPhysiologyandBiochemistry</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>PlantPhysiologyandBiochemistry</full-title></periodical><keywords><keyword>Anthocyaninbiosynthesis</keyword><keyword>Proanthocyanidinbiosynthesis</keyword><keyword>WD40protein</keyword><keyword>MBWcomplex</keyword><keyword>Trichomeformation</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>0981-9428</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[7]。(2)藥用作用：由于香雪蘭的球莖具有清熱和化瘀的作用，常被用作中藥。而且香雪蘭的香味還有利于睡眠。1.2類胡蘿卜素的簡介類胡蘿卜素是一種廣泛存在于自然界中的化合物，類胡蘿卜素是天然色素的集合。ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>高慧君</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>24</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[8]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>24</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="se5etpva8tzzvvex2pq5xwvq0sx9ddrer522"timestamp="1559648150">24</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>高慧君</author><author>明家琪</author><author>張雅娟</author><author>徐娟</author></authors><translated-authors><author>G.A.O.Hui-jun</author><author>MingJia-qi</author><author>ZhangYa-juan</author><author>X.U.Juan</author></translated-authors></contributors><auth-address>華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)園藝林學(xué)學(xué)院,園藝植物生物學(xué)教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,武漢430070</auth-address><titles><title>園藝植物中類胡蘿卜素合成與調(diào)控的研究進(jìn)展</title><secondary-title>園藝學(xué)報(bào)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>園藝學(xué)報(bào)</full-title></periodical><pages>1633-1648</pages><volume>42</volume><number>9</number><keywords><keyword>園藝作物</keyword><keyword>類胡蘿卜素合成</keyword><keyword>調(diào)控</keyword><keyword>轉(zhuǎn)錄因子</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2015</year></dates><isbn>0513-353X</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=yyxb201509001</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-0918</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京萬方數(shù)據(jù)股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[8]。目前在科研前沿已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一千多種的類胡蘿卜素，并且隨著科技的進(jìn)步也會(huì)有更多的類胡蘿卜素將會(huì)被發(fā)現(xiàn)。類胡蘿卜素的初次發(fā)現(xiàn)早在十九世紀(jì)八十年代，是偶然在胡蘿卜的根中通過結(jié)晶析出來的類胡蘿卜素，人們就開始了對(duì)它的廣泛的研究。經(jīng)過研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)人體自身并不能合成類胡蘿卜素，對(duì)胡蘿卜素的攝入只能通過食物、進(jìn)食等。類胡蘿卜素具有許多十分重要的生理功能。植物中的類胡蘿卜素在可見光下呈現(xiàn)出黃色、紅色等顏色，這可以使植物擁有五顏六色的顏色，有助于吸引昆蟲幫助自己授粉ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>朱長甫</Author><Year>2004</Year><RecNum>40</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[11]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>40</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="se5etpva8tzzvvex2pq5xwvq0sx9ddrer522"timestamp="1559648643">40</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>朱長甫</author><author>陳星</author><author>王英典</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>東北師范大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院,長春,130024 北京師范大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院,北京,100875</auth-address><titles><title>植物類胡蘿卜素生物合成及其相關(guān)基因在基因工程中的應(yīng)用</title><secondary-title>植物生理與分子生物學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>植物生理與分子生物學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)</full-title></periodical><pages>609-618</pages><volume>30</volume><number>6</number><keywords><keyword>類胡蘿卜素</keyword><keyword>類胡蘿卜素合成基因</keyword><keyword>基因工程</keyword><keyword>轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2004</year></dates><isbn>1671-3877</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zwslxb200406002</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3321/j.issn:1671-3877.2004.06.002</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京萬方數(shù)據(jù)股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[11]。類胡蘿卜素在對(duì)動(dòng)物的生長發(fā)育中起到了重要的作用，經(jīng)研究類胡蘿卜素與脫落酸以及其他的生物生長激素相關(guān)，又因?yàn)檫@些生物生長激素對(duì)于生物的生長發(fā)育起到了重要的因素。大多數(shù)的類胡蘿卜素不但具有抗氧化的功能，而且還能提高動(dòng)物的免疫力，有利于保護(hù)動(dòng)物的健康。近幾年來，由于類胡蘿卜素對(duì)人類健康十分有益，類胡蘿卜素也獲得了研究者的廣泛關(guān)注。維生素A缺乏癥是我們國家普遍存在的健康問題，每年至少都會(huì)有200萬人死于由維生素A缺乏。因此，近些年來類胡蘿卜素被廣泛應(yīng)用于營養(yǎng)品中ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>陳選陽</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>42</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[12]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>42</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="se5etpva8tzzvvex2pq5xwvq0sx9ddrer522"timestamp="1559648700">42</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>陳選陽</author><author>袁照年</author><author>張招娟</author><author>王松良</author><author>鄭金貴</author></authors><translated-authors><author>ChenXuan-Yang</author><author>YuanZhao-Nian</author><author>ZhangZhao-Juan</author><author>WangSong-Liang</author><author>ZhengJin-Gui</author></translated-authors></contributors><auth-address>福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)研究所;福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)作物科學(xué)學(xué)院,福建福州,350002 福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)作物科學(xué)學(xué)院,福建福州,350002 福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)研究所</auth-address><titles><title>甘薯番茄紅素β-環(huán)化酶基因的克隆與轉(zhuǎn)化煙草的研究</title><secondary-title>作物學(xué)報(bào)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>作物學(xué)報(bào)</full-title></periodical><pages>1724-1728</pages><volume>33</volume><number>10</number><keywords><keyword>甘薯</keyword><keyword>lyc-b</keyword><keyword>基因克隆</keyword><keyword>載體構(gòu)建</keyword><keyword>轉(zhuǎn)化</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2007</year></dates><isbn>0496-3490</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zuowxb200710024</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3321/j.issn:0496-3490.2007.10.024</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京萬方數(shù)據(jù)股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[12]。對(duì)類胡蘿卜素的分析主要采用定性定量的分析方法。主要采用核磁共振、光譜法等等。1.2.1類胡蘿卜素的特性類胡蘿卜素是脂溶性色素，相對(duì)親脂性，難溶于乙醇和水，大多數(shù)都比較容易溶解在石油醚和己烷溶液中。在酸性的環(huán)境下類胡蘿卜素的化學(xué)性質(zhì)不穩(wěn)定，而在弱堿性的環(huán)境下化學(xué)性質(zhì)卻比較穩(wěn)定ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>晏露</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>49</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[14]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>49</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="se5etpva8tzzvvex2pq5xwvq0sx9ddrer522"timestamp="1559648843">49</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>晏露</author><author>姜建國</author><author>劉冠楠</author><author>陳倩</author><author>朱躍輝</author></authors><translated-authors><author>Y.A.N.Lu</author><author>JiangJian-guo</author><author>L.I.U.Guan-nan</author><author>ChenQian</author><author>Zhu,Yue-hui</author></translated-authors></contributors><auth-address>華南理工大學(xué)食品與生物學(xué)院,廣東,廣州,510640</auth-address><titles><title>鹽藻番茄紅素β-環(huán)化酶全長cDNA的克隆及結(jié)構(gòu)分析</title><secondary-title>現(xiàn)代食品科技</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>現(xiàn)代食品科技</full-title></periodical><pages>218-221</pages><volume>26</volume><number>3</number><keywords><keyword>杜氏鹽藻</keyword><keyword>番茄紅素β-環(huán)化酶</keyword><keyword>全長cDNA</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2010</year></dates><isbn>1673-9078</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=gzspgykj201003001</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3969/j.issn.1673-9078.2010.03.001</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京萬方數(shù)據(jù)股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[14]。鑒定類胡蘿卜素可以通過檢測它們的吸收光線來進(jìn)行，由于類胡蘿卜素的吸收光線是受雙鍵位置和基團(tuán)的的影響。類胡蘿卜素的熱穩(wěn)定性較好，但因?yàn)樗须p健，所以極易被氧氣和過氧化物酶等所氧化，特別是在水分過低和酸性條件下，就更加容易被氧化ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>魏濤</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>54</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[15]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>54</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="se5etpva8tzzvvex2pq5xwvq0sx9ddrer522"timestamp="1559648901">54</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>魏濤</author><author>楊坤鵬</author><author>黃申</author><author>臧杰</author><author>賈春曉</author><author>毛多斌</author></authors><translated-authors><author>Wei,Tao</author><author>Yang,Kunpeng</author><author>Huang,Shen</author><author>Zang,Jie</author><author>Jia,Chunxiao</author><author>Mao,Duobin</author></translated-authors></contributors><auth-address>鄭州輕工業(yè)學(xué)院食品與生物工程學(xué)院鄭州450002</auth-address><titles><title>降解β-胡蘿卜素產(chǎn)香菌株的分離鑒定及降解酶酶學(xué)性質(zhì)</title><secondary-title>中國食品學(xué)報(bào)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>中國食品學(xué)報(bào)</full-title></periodical><pages>94-101</pages><volume>18</volume><number>4</number><keywords><keyword>β-胡蘿卜素</keyword><keyword>香料物質(zhì)</keyword><keyword>分離鑒定</keyword><keyword>分離純化</keyword><keyword>酶學(xué)性質(zhì)</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2018</year></dates><isbn>1009-7848</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zgspxb201804015</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.16429/j.1009-7848.2018.04.014</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京萬方數(shù)據(jù)股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[15]。1.2.2類胡蘿卜素的作用類胡蘿卜素對(duì)于生物學(xué)具有十分重要的作用。經(jīng)過科學(xué)研究，在目前已知的上千種類蘿卜素中，只有不到五十種類蘿卜素可以被人類的人體吸收再加以利用。在植物中，類胡蘿卜素是花瓣和葉子顯色的重要色素，還是組成植物光合系統(tǒng)的重要部分ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>何卿</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>60</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[16]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>60</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="se5etpva8tzzvvex2pq5xwvq0sx9ddrer522"timestamp="1559648983">60</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>何卿</author><author>孫國峰</author><author>林秦文</author><author>李曉東</author><author>張金政</author></authors><translated-authors><author>Qing,He</author><author>Guofeng,Sun</author><author>Qinwen,Lin</author><author>Xiaodong,Li</author><author>Jinzheng,Zhang</author></translated-authors></contributors><auth-address>國家知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)局專利局專利審查協(xié)作北京中心,北京100160;中國科學(xué)院植物研究所,北京100093 中國科學(xué)院植物研究所,北京,100093</auth-address><titles><title>植物類胡蘿卜素提取與分析技術(shù)研究進(jìn)展</title><secondary-title>植物學(xué)報(bào)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>植物學(xué)報(bào)</full-title></periodical><pages>700-709</pages><volume>53</volume><number>5</number><keywords><keyword>類胡蘿卜素</keyword><keyword>提取</keyword><keyword>分離純化</keyword><keyword>含量測定</keyword><keyword>結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2018</year></dates><isbn>1674-3466</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zwxtb201805016</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.11983/cbb18091</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京萬方數(shù)據(jù)股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[16]。人體維生素A的主要來源是類胡蘿卜素中的β-胡蘿卜素，β-胡蘿卜素還可以預(yù)防癌癥和一些慢性疾病等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>張上隆</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>61</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[17]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>61</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="se5etpva8tzzvvex2pq5xwvq0sx9ddrer522"timestamp="1559649063">61</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="ConferencePaper">47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>張上隆</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>浙江農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)</auth-address><titles><title>類胡蘿卜素合成的相關(guān)基因及其基因工程</title><secondary-title>張上隆果樹學(xué)文選</secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword>類胡蘿卜素合成</keyword><keyword>相關(guān)基因</keyword><keyword>生物合成途徑</keyword><keyword>基因工程</keyword><keyword>類胡蘿卜素含量</keyword><keyword>微生物生產(chǎn)</keyword><keyword>人體免疫力</keyword><keyword>合成維生素</keyword><keyword>高等植物</keyword><keyword>研究進(jìn)展</keyword><keyword>生物功能</keyword><keyword>人類健康</keyword><keyword>克隆</keyword><keyword>化學(xué)方法</keyword><keyword>防癌抗癌</keyword><keyword>不能合成</keyword><keyword>作物</keyword><keyword>異源</keyword><keyword>前體</keyword><keyword>功效</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls><related-urls><url>/details/detail.do?_type=conference&id=HY000002154018</url></related-urls></urls><remote-database-provider>北京萬方數(shù)據(jù)股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[17]。(1)增強(qiáng)人體免疫力人體的免疫系統(tǒng)對(duì)人體的健康起著至關(guān)重要的作用，對(duì)細(xì)菌以及病毒都可以進(jìn)行一定的免疫能力，免疫力越強(qiáng)對(duì)病菌的抵抗能力也越強(qiáng)。1991年的時(shí)候，Bendich通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)類胡蘿卜素可以通過增強(qiáng)T細(xì)胞的能力來提高人體的免疫力；通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)β-胡蘿卜素可以有效地增加T淋巴細(xì)胞的數(shù)量ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>J.</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>64</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[18]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>64</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="se5etpva8tzzvvex2pq5xwvq0sx9ddrer522"timestamp="1559649369">64</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>YoungAndrewJ.</author><author>LoweGordonL.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Correspondence:A.J.Young@ljmu</auth-address><titles><title>Carotenoids—AntioxidantProperties</title></titles><volume>7</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2018</year></dates><urls><related-urls><url>/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=antioxidants-07-00028</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3390/antiox7020028</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>北京萬方數(shù)據(jù)股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[18]{張上隆,2006#62;張上隆,2006#62}。(2)預(yù)防癌癥類胡蘿卜素能夠改變細(xì)胞生長方式，預(yù)防癌癥。通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人體中類胡蘿卜素的含量高低與肺癌的發(fā)病率之間有密切的關(guān)系，飲食中類胡蘿卜素含量高的或者血清中的類胡蘿卜素含量高的的受試者，他們的肺癌的發(fā)病明顯比較低ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>江志琴</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>65</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[19]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>65</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="se5etpva8tzzvvex2pq5xwvq0sx9ddrer522"timestamp="1559649447">65</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>江志琴</author><author>朱心強(qiáng)</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>浙江大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院毒理學(xué)教研室,浙江,杭州,310006</auth-address><titles><title>074高劑量β-胡蘿卜素對(duì)大量吸煙者肺癌的不利影響及其作用機(jī)制</title><secondary-title>國外醫(yī)學(xué)（衛(wèi)生學(xué)分冊）</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>國外醫(yī)學(xué)（衛(wèi)生學(xué)分冊）</full-title></periodical><pages>265-269</pages><volume>32</volume><number>5</number><keywords><keyword>β-胡蘿卜素</keyword><keyword>吸煙</keyword><keyword>肺癌</keyword><keyword>化學(xué)預(yù)防</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2005</year></dates><isbn>1001-1226</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=gwyx-wsx200505003</url></related-urls></urls><remote-database-provider>北京萬方數(shù)據(jù)股份有限公司</remote-database-provider><language>chi</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[19]。(3)保護(hù)視力缺少維生素A具有嚴(yán)重的危害，嚴(yán)重的話會(huì)導(dǎo)致夜盲。維生素A是β-胡蘿卜素經(jīng)過一系列復(fù)雜的轉(zhuǎn)化而得到的。另外血清中的β-胡蘿卜素含量低的人，他們患白內(nèi)障的可能性明顯高于體內(nèi)β-胡蘿卜素含量高的人。而過量攝取類胡蘿卜素的話，只會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)化適量的維生素A。ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>翟艷麗</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>66</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[20]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>66</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="se5etpva8tzzvvex2pq5xwvq0sx9ddrer522"timestamp="1559649520">66</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>翟艷麗</author><author>惠伯棣</author><author>蔡靳</author><author>劉蕊</author><author>王英明</author></authors><translated-authors><author>ZhaiYan-li</author><author>H.U.I.Bo-di</author><author>C.A.I.Jin</author><author>L.I.U.Rui</author><author>WangYing-ming</author></translated-authors></contributors><auth-address>北京聯(lián)合大學(xué)應(yīng)用文理學(xué)院食品科學(xué)系,北京,100191 河北大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院,河北保定,071002 新疆紅帆生物科技有限公司,新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州,841100</auth-address><titles><title>類胡蘿卜素與癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相關(guān)性的研究</title><secondary-title>食品科學(xué)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>食品科學(xué)</full-title></periodical><pages>307-313</pages><volume>34</volume><number>13</number><keywords><keyword>類胡蘿卜素</keyword><keyword>癌癥</keyword><keyword>膳食</keyword><keyw