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Threatlandscape
forindustrialautomation
systems
StatisticsforH12023
KasperskyICSCERT
13.09.2023Version1.0
THREATLANDSCAPEFORINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONSYSTEMS.1
STATISTICSFORH12023?2023AOKASPERSKYLAB.
Mid-yearhighlights 2
Figures 2
Allthreats 2
Categoriesofmaliciousobjects 2
Mainthreatsources 2
Goodnews 2
Rankingswhereregionsthatdobestweredoingworst 3
Globalthreatstatistics 8
Regions 9
Countries 11
Individualindustries 12
Thevarietyofmalwaredetected 13
Categoriesofmaliciousobjects 14
Maliciousscriptsandphishingpages(JSandHTML) 15
Denylistedinternetresources 16
Spyware 17
Maliciousdocuments(MSOffice+PDF) 18
Maliciouscryptocurrencyminers 19
Virusesandworms 21
Ransomware 23
MalwareforAutoCAD 24
Mainthreatsources 25
World 25
Regionsandcountries 26
Internet 26
Emailclients 27
Removabledevices 28
Networkfolders 29
Methodologyusedtopreparestatistics 31
THREATLANDSCAPEFORINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONSYSTEMS.2
STATISTICSFORH12023?2023AOKASPERSKYLAB.
Mid-yearhighlights
Figures
Allthreats
?Inthefirsthalfof2023,maliciousobjects(alltypesofthreats)wereblockedon34%ofICScomputers.Thiswas0.3pplessthaninthesecondhalfof2022.
?Inthesecondquarterof2023,thispercentagereachedthehighestquarterlylevelgloballysince2022,26.8%.
?Thefigurevariedbetween40.3%inAfricaand14.7%inNorthernEuropebyregion,and
?between53.3%inEthiopiaand7.4%inLuxembourgbycountry.
Categoriesofmaliciousobjects
?Maliciousscriptsandphishingpageswereblockedon12.7%ofICScomputers
?Denylistedinternetresources,on11.3%
?Spyware,on6%
?Maliciousdocuments,on4%
?Ransomware,on0.32%.Thisisthelowestpercentagesincethebeginningof2020.
Mainthreatsources
?Theinternetwasthesourceofthreatsblockedon19.3%ofICScomputers.
?Emailclients–6%
?Removabledevices–3.4%
Goodnews
H12022sawanoticeableincreaseinthepercentageofICScomputersonwhichthefollowingthreatswereblocked:
?Spyware
?Maliciousdocuments
?MaliciousminersintheformofWindowsexecutables
?Ransomware
THREATLANDSCAPEFORINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONSYSTEMS.3
STATISTICSFORH12023?2023AOKASPERSKYLAB.
PercentageofICScomputersonwhich
theactivity
ofmalicious
objects
ofvarious
categories
wasprevented
Thatwasthebadnews.Herecomesthegoodnews.ThepercentagesofICS
computersonwhichallthesethreatcategorieswereblockedhadbeendecliningsincemid-2022.
InH12023,thepercentageofICScomputersonwhichthesecategoriesof
threatswereblocked,droppedinvirtuallyeveryregion.Afewunlikelyexceptionstothiswillbedealtwithbelow.
Rankingswhereregionsthatdobestweredoingworst
AustraliaandNewZealand,theUnitedStatesandCanada,WesternEurope,andNorthernEuropehistoricallyhavehadthelowestpercentagesofICScomputersonwhichmaliciousobjectsareblocked.
H12023
changesinthepercentagesofICScomputersonwhich
malicious
objectswere
blocked,
byregion
InH12023,however,thoseweretheveryregionswherethepercentagesofattackedICScomputersincreasedbythemostpercentagepoints.
THREATLANDSCAPEFORINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONSYSTEMS.4
STATISTICSFORH12023?2023AOKASPERSKYLAB.
AustraliaandNewZealandseethisfigurevaryfromhalf-yeartohalf-year,anditdidnotexceedpreviousperiods'valuesinH12023.
InNorthernEurope,andtheUnitedStatesandCanada,werecordedanupwardtrendinthepercentageofattackedICScomputers.
InWesternEurope,thepercentageofcomputersonwhichmaliciousobjects
wereblockeddeclinedin2022beforespikinginH12023toexceedtheprevioustwoyears'figures.
Percentageof
ICScomputers
onwhich
malicious
objectswere
blocked
inselected
regions
Letusanticipateaquestionbysayingthatdespitetheincreaseinthe
percentageofattackedcomputers,theseregionsretainedaminimalpercentagebyvirtuallyeverycriterion.
Asforthehalf-yearincrease,theseregionsdidtopmanylistsinH12023.
Blockeddenylistedinternetresources,andmaliciousscriptsandphishingpageswerethebiggestcontributorstothisincreaseinthehistoricallysaferregions.
THREATLANDSCAPEFORINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONSYSTEMS.5
STATISTICSFORH12023?2023AOKASPERSKYLAB.
H12023
changesinthepercentagesofICScomputersonwhich
denylisted
internet
resourceswereblocked,
byregion
H12023
changesinthepercentagesof
ICScomputersonwhich
malicious
scriptsand
phishingpageswereblocked,byregion
Boththreattypesspreadviatheinternet,whilemaliciousscriptsandphishing
pagesalsospreadviaemail.ThepercentageofICScomputersonwhichthreatsfromthesetwosourceswereblockedintheUnitedStatesandCanada,and
WesternEuropealsoincreasedthemostamongallregions.
Thesearenottheonlybadliststheseregionstopped.TheUnitedStatesand
Canada,NorthernEurope,andAustraliaandNewZealandsawthelargestgrowthinthepercentageofcomputersonwhichspywarewasblocked.
THREATLANDSCAPEFORINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONSYSTEMS.6
STATISTICSFORH12023?2023AOKASPERSKYLAB.
H12023
changesinthepercentagesofICScomputersonwhich
spywarewas
blocked,
byregion
H12023
changesinthepercentagesofICScomputersonwhich
ransomware
wasblocked,
byregion
NotethatthepercentageofICScomputersattackedbyransomwareinH12023increasedinfourregionsincludingAustraliaandNewZealand,andtheUnited
StatesandCanada,bytherelativelysignificantrespectivevaluesof0.19ppand0.13pp,andinNorthernEurope.
Thepercentagesofcomputersonwhichvirusesandwormswereblockedwere
similarlyunexpected.ThefiveregionswherethesefiguresincreasedthemostweretheUnitedStatesandCanada,NorthernEurope,AustraliaandNew
Zealand,andWesternEurope.
THREATLANDSCAPEFORINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONSYSTEMS.7
STATISTICSFORH12023?2023AOKASPERSKYLAB.
H12023
changesinthepercentagesofICScomputersonwhich
viruseswere
blocked,
byregion
H12023
changesinthepercentagesofICScomputersonwhichwormswereblocked,
byregion
AustraliaandNewZealandsawanincreaseinthenumberofcomputersonwhichthreatswereblockedafterremovabledeviceswereconnected.
THREATLANDSCAPEFORINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONSYSTEMS.8
STATISTICSFORH12023?2023AOKASPERSKYLAB.
H12023
changesinthe
percentagesof
ICScomputers
onwhich
threatswere
blockedafter
removable
deviceswere
connected,
byregion
Globalthreatstatistics
PercentageofICScomputersonwhich
malicious
objectswere
blocked,
byhalfyear
Inthefirsthalfof2023,thepercentageofICScomputersonwhichmaliciousobjectswereblockeddecreasedfromH22022byjust0.3ppto34%.
Thatsaid,thepercentageofattackedICScomputersdroppedinQ12023,butthenroseagaininQ22023,reachinghighestquarterlyfiguresince2022.
THREATLANDSCAPEFORINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONSYSTEMS.9
STATISTICSFORH12023?2023AOKASPERSKYLAB.
PercentageofICScomputersonwhich
malicious
objectswere
blocked,
byquarter
PercentageofICScomputers
onwhich
malicious
objectswere
blocked,
January-June2023
Regions
PercentageofICScomputersonwhich
malicious
objectswere
blocked,
byregions
Inspring(MarchthroughMay),thepercentageofICScomputersonwhich
maliciousobjectswereblockedremainedhigherthanintheotherthreemonths.
Thepercentageofcomputersonwhichmaliciousactivitywaspreventedvariedacrossregionsfrom40.3%inAfricato14.7%inNorthernEurope.
THREATLANDSCAPEFORINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONSYSTEMS.10
STATISTICSFORH12023?2023AOKASPERSKYLAB.
Youmayrememberthatintheprevioushalf-year,thepercentageofICS
computersinRussiaandCentralAsiaonwhichmaliciousobjectswereblocked
increasednoticeablyduetomassinfectionofwebsites,includingthoserunby
industrialcompanies,thatusedanoutdatedversionofapopularRussianCMS.InH12023,thefiguresinbothregionsreturnedtovaluesclosetothoseofH12022.
Asmentionedabove,themostsignificantincreasesinthepercentageofICScomputersonwhichmaliciousobjectswereblockedwererecordedinWesternEurope(4.6pp),theUnitedStatesandCanada(1.9pp),aswellasAustraliaandNewZealand(1.3pp).Notetheminorbutsteadygrowthinthatpercentagein
NorthernEuropeandtheMiddleEast(by0.3ppeach).
WesternEurope,whichrecordedthelargestincreaseamongallregions,sawthepercentageofattackedICScomputersinH12023groweverymonthuptoMay,andthendroptoJanuary'slevelinJune.
Western
Europe.
Percentageof
ICScomputers
onwhich
malicious
objectswere
blocked,
January-June
2023
OurdataindicatesthatinH12023,somethreatactorsreinventedanoldphishing
techniquethatwasfirstseenbackin2010totargetorganizationsinEurope,
includingindustrialones.Thetechniqueinvolvesinfectingawebsitewitha
maliciousscriptthattriggersapop-upwindowresemblingaMicrosofttech
supportwindow.Thepop-updoesnotcontainanylinks,butinsteadpresentsaphishingmessageandalocalphonenumbertocall.Whenausercallsthe
number,athreatactoranswersthecallandcommunicatesinthelocallanguage,manipulatingtheunsuspectingusertodownloadandinstallaremoteaccesstool
orapieceofmultifunctionalspyware.Thistechniqueleveragessocial
engineeringtacticstodeceiveusersandgainunauthorizedaccesstotheirsystems,posingaseriousthreattoorganizations,includingindustrialones.
TheindustriesunderreviewinthatregionthatsawthepercentagesincreasethemostwereengineeringandICSintegration(by6.1pp).
THREATLANDSCAPEFORINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONSYSTEMS.11
STATISTICSFORH12023?2023AOKASPERSKYLAB.
Western
Europe.
PercentageofICScomputers
onwhich
malicious
objectswere
blockedin
selected
industries
PercentageofICScomputersonwhich
malicious
objectswere
blockedin
Africaand
regionsofAsia
Countries
MostoftheregionswherethepercentageofattackedcomputersincreasedinH12023(NorthernandWesternEurope,theUnitedStatesandCanada,and
AustraliaandNewZealand)areusuallyatthebottomofthelist.AfricaandtheAsianregionswherethepercentageofICScomputersonwhichmalicious
objectsareblockedhistoricallyhasbeenhigh,showedadownwardtrend.
ThepercentageofICScomputersonwhichmaliciousobjectswereblockedvariedacrosscountriesfrom53.3%inEthiopiato7.4%inLuxembourg.
THREATLANDSCAPEFORINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONSYSTEMS.12
STATISTICSFORH12023?2023AOKASPERSKYLAB.
Fifteen
countriesandterritorieswiththehighest
percentageofICScomputersonwhich
malicious
objectswere
blocked,
H12023
TencountriesandterritorieswiththelowestpercentageofICScomputersonwhich
malicious
objectswere
blocked,
H12023
SevenAfrican,threeMiddleEasternandthreeCentralAsiancountrieswereamongthefifteencountriesandterritoriesinH12023withthehighest
percentageofICScomputersonwhichmaliciousobjectswereblocked.
Halfofthe10countriesthathadthelowestfigureswerelocatedinNorthernEurope.
Individualindustries
InH12023,thepercentageofICScomputersonwhichmaliciousobjectswereblockedincreasedinengineeringandICSintegration(by2pp),manufacture(by1.9pp)andenergy(by1.5pp).
THREATLANDSCAPEFORINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONSYSTEMS.13
STATISTICSFORH12023?2023AOKASPERSKYLAB.
PercentageofICScomputersonwhich
malicious
objectswere
blockedin
selected
industries
PercentageofICScomputersonwhich
malicious
objectswere
blockedin
selected
industries
Buildingautomationisstilltheleaderamongtheindustriesunderreview.
EnergyandoilandgashaveseenoppositetrendsinthepercentageofICScomputersonwhichmaliciousobjectswereblockedsince2021.
Thevarietyofmalwaredetected
InH12023,Kasperskysecuritysolutionsblocked11,727differentmalwarefamiliesinindustrialautomationsystems.
Malware
familiesblocked
onICS
computers
THREATLANDSCAPEFORINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONSYSTEMS.14
STATISTICSFORH12023?2023AOKASPERSKYLAB.
Categoriesofmaliciousobjects
MaliciousobjectsthatKasperskyproductsblockonICScomputersfallunder
manycategories.Abriefdescriptionofeachtypeofthreatisprovidedin
aseparatedocument.
PercentageofICS*computersonwhichtheactivityofmaliciousobjectsofvariouscategorieswasprevented
*Inmanycases,twoormoretypesofthreatsmayhavebeenblockedonasinglecomputerduringthereportingperiod.Therefore,theresultingpercentages
shouldnotbeaddedtogether.
OnlyoneofthecategoriesgrewinH12023:denylistedinternetresources.ThepercentageofICScomputersonwhichthreatsinthiscategoryareblockedhasgrownforthesecondhalf-yearinarow.
Until2022,denylistedinternetresourceshadtoppedthelistofthreat
categories,butin2022,theytooksecondplacetomaliciousscriptsandphishingpages,whichstillremainatthetopofthelist.Yet,thevaluesforthesetwotypesofthreatswereconverging.
THREATLANDSCAPEFORINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONSYSTEMS.15
STATISTICSFORH12023?2023AOKASPERSKYLAB.
Percentageof
ICScomputers
onwhich
malicious
scriptsand
phishingpages,
anddenylisted
internet
resourceswere
blocked
Maliciousscriptsandphishingpages(JSandHTML)
Maliciousscriptsandphishingpages(JSandHTML)spreadviaboththeinternetandemail.Asignificantpartofdenylistedinternetresourcesareusedtospreadmaliciousscriptsandphishingpages.
Maliciousscriptsserveabroadrangeofgoals:fromcollectingdata,trackingandforwardinguserstomaliciouswebsites,todownloadingvariousmalware,suchasspywareand/orcovertcryptominers,tothesystemorthebrowser.
TheregionswiththehighestpercentageofICScomputersonwhichmaliciousscriptsandphishingpageswereblockedweretheMiddleEastandRussia.Thefigureincreasedinfiveregionsoverthehalf-year,mostlyintheUnitedStatesandCanada(by3.3pp),WesternEurope(by2.2pp),andAustraliaandNew
Zealand(by1.9pp).
THREATLANDSCAPEFORINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONSYSTEMS.16
STATISTICSFORH12023?2023AOKASPERSKYLAB.
Regionsrankedbypercentage
ofICS
computersonwhichmaliciousscriptsand
phishingpageswereblocked,H12023
ThecountrieswiththehighestpercentageofICScomputersonwhichmaliciousscriptsandphishingpageswereblockedwereKyrgyzstan(21%)andAfghanistan(20.9%).
Denylistedinternetresources
AfricawastheregionwiththehighestpercentageofICScomputersonwhichdenylistedinternetresourceswereblocked.Notsurprisingly,AfricaalsohadthehighestpercentageofICScomputersonwhichthreatsthatoriginatedonthe
internetwereblocked(seebelowunder"Mainthreatsources").
THREATLANDSCAPEFORINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONSYSTEMS.17
STATISTICSFORH12023?2023AOKASPERSKYLAB.
RegionsrankedbypercentageofICS
computerson
which
denylisted
internet
resourceswereblocked,
H12023
Spyware
PercentageofICScomputersonwhich
spywarewas
blocked
Asmentionedabove,denylistedinternetresourcesweretheonlythreat
categorywherethepercentageofICScomputersonwhichthethreatwas
blockedincreasedworldwide.Thisfiguregrewinmostregionsduringthehalf-year,withthelargestincreasesrecordedintheUnitedStatesandCanada(3.2pp),EasternEurope(2.6pp),andAustraliaandNewZealand(2.5pp).
ThecountrieswiththehighestpercentageofICScomputersonwhich
denylistedinternetresourceswereblockedwereAlgiers(21.8%)andAfghanistan(20.2%).
ThepercentageofICScomputersonwhichspywareisblockedcontinuedtodecline.Earlier,wesawthefigurerisefrom2020throughH12022.
THREATLANDSCAPEFORINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONSYSTEMS.18
STATISTICSFORH12023?2023AOKASPERSKYLAB.
AfricahadthehighestpercentageofICScomputersonwhichspywarewasblockedinH12023.TheMiddleEastandSoutheastAsiahadsimilarlyhigh
percentages.
Regionsranked
bypercentage
ofICS
computerson
whichspyware
wasblockedin
H12023
TheleadersamongcountriesandterritorieswereTajikistan(18.9%),Algiers(16.7%)andAfghanistan(16.6%).
Maliciousdocuments(MSOffice+PDF)
PercentageofICScomputersonwhich
malicious
documents
wereblocked
Hackersspreadmaliciousdocumentsviaphishingmessagesandusethemin
attackswhichaimforprimaryinfection.TheglobalpercentageofICScomputersonwhichthreatsinthiscategorywereblockedmorethandoubledinH12022andhaddeclinedsince.YetinH12023,itremainedhigherthanin2020–2021.
THREATLANDSCAPEFORINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONSYSTEMS.19
STATISTICSFORH12023?2023AOKASPERSKYLAB.
RegionsrankedbypercentageofICS
computersonwhichmaliciousdocuments
wereblocked,H12023
TheregionswiththehighestfigureswereLatinAmericaandSouthernEurope.TheseregionsalsohadthehighestpercentagesofICScomputersonwhich
emailthreatswereblocked.
TheUnitedStatesandCanadasawthelargestincrease(by0.72pp)inthepercentageofcomputersonwhichmaliciousdocumentswereblocked.
ThecountrieswiththehighestpercentageofICScomputersonwhichmaliciousdocumentswereblockedwereAlgiers(16.7%)andAfghanistan(16.6%).
Maliciouscryptocurrencyminers
Minersoftenspreadviawebsitestowhichusersareredirectedwiththehelpofmaliciousscriptsthathackersdeployonvariousmediaandpiratingsites.
TheglobalpercentageofICScomputersonwhichmaliciousminers(bothWindowsexecutablesandwebminers)wereblockeddecreasedinH12023.
THREATLANDSCAPEFORINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONSYSTEMS.20
STATISTICSFORH12023?2023AOKASPERSKYLAB.
PercentageofICScomputersonwhich
malicious
programsforcovertcryptominingwere
blocked
Regionsrankedbypercentage
ofICS
computerson
whichminers-executablefileswereblocked
inH12023
CentralAsiawastheregionwiththehighestpercentageofICScomputerson
whichminers–WindowsexecutablefileswereblockedinH12023.Thecountries
andterritorieswiththehighestpercentagewereTajikistan(7.9%)and
Turkmenistan(7.4%).
Africawastheleaderamongregionsbypercentageofcomputersonwhichweb
minerswereblocked.Russia,andtheUnitedStatesandCanadasawthe
percentageincreaseoverthehalf-year,by0.13ppand0.12pp,respectively.
THREATLANDSCAPEFORINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONSYSTEMS.21
STATISTICSFORH12023?2023AOKASPERSKYLAB.
Regionsrankedbypercentage
ofICS
computersonwhichweb
minersrunninginbrowsers
wereblocked
inH12023
Serbiawastheleaderamongthecountriesandterritorieswiththehighest
percentageofICScomputersonwhichwebminerswereblocked,with6.4%.
Virusesandworms
ThepercentageofICScomputersonwhichwormswereblockedcontinuedtodecrease.Webelievethisisanindirectindicationofthesystematicuseof
securitysolutionsinOTenvironments,whicheliminatesinfectionhotspotsandpreventsthespreadofself-propagatingmalware.
ThepercentageofICScomputersonwhichviruseswereblockeddidnotchangeinH12023.
Percentageof
ICScomputers
onwhich
virusesand
wormswere
blocked
VirusesandwormsspreadacrossICSnetworksbymeansofremovablemedia,
sharedfolders,infectedfiles,suchasbackups,andnetworkattacksonoutdatedsoftware,suchasRadmin2.
THREATLANDSCAPEFORINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONSYSTEMS.22
STATISTICSFORH12023?2023AOKASPERSKYLAB.
Manyvirusesandwormsstillcirculatingareold,andtheircommand-and-controlservershavelongbeenshutdown.Besidesunderminingthesecurityofinfectedsystems,forexample,byopeningnetworkportsandchangingsettings,these
olderwormsandvirusescanpotentiallycausesoftwaretoquitunexpectedlyorcreatedenial-of-serviceconditions.
Newerwormvarieties,whichmaliciousactorsusetospreadspyware,
ransomwareandminers,canbefoundonICSnetworksaswell.Inmostcases,thesewormsspreadbyexploitingvulnerabilitiesinnetworkservices(suchasSMBandRDP)thathavebeenfixedbyvendorsbutarestillunpatchedonOTnetworks,usingpreviouslystolenauthenticationcredentialsorbruteforcingpasswords.
ThepercentageofICScomputersonwhichwormsweredetectedwasstillveryhighinAfrica,makingthatregiontheleaderbypercentageofICScomputersonwhichthreatswereblockedafterremovabledeviceswereconnected.The
UnitedStatesandCanada,andNorthernEuropesawthelargestincreasesduringthehalf-year,by0.53ppand0.45pp,respectively.
Regionsranked
bypercentage
ofICS
computerson
whichworms
wereblocked
inH12023
ThehighestpercentageofICScomputersonwhichwormsweredetectedwasrecordedinMali(20.8%).NotethatTurkmenistan(18%)wasamongthefive
countrieswiththehighestfiguresalongsideAfricancountries.
ThevirusissueremainedrelevantforSoutheastAsia.ThepercentageofICScomputersonwhichviruseswereblockedgrewinmanyregions,mostlytheUnitedStatesandCanada(by0.49pp),andNorthernEurope(by0.44pp).
THREATLANDSCAPEFORINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONSYSTEMS.23
STATISTICSFORH12023?2023AOKASPERSKYLAB.
Regionsrankedbypercentage
ofICS
computersonwhichviruseswereblockedinH12023
Afghanistan(16.6%),Vietnam(14.1%)andYemen(13.8%)wereamongthe
countriesandterritorieswiththehighestpercentageofICScomputersonwhichviruseswereblocked.
Ransomware
PercentageofICScomputersonwhich
ransomware
wasblocked
AfterthepercentageofICScomputersonwhichransomwarewasblockedincreasedinH12022,itdroppedtothelowestlevelsince2020inH12023.
EastAsiaandtheMiddleEastwe
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