（完整版）生物化學(xué)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)單詞

（完整版）生物化學(xué)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)單詞單詞表第一章Prokaryote原核生物Eukaryote真核生物fractionation分級(jí)、分餾biomolecule生物分子organism生物體、有機(jī)體membrane膜nucleus細(xì)胞核cocci球菌bacilli桿菌spirilla螺旋菌Eubacteria真細(xì)菌Archaebacteria原細(xì)菌Gram-positive革蘭氏陽(yáng)性菌Gramnegativebacteria革蘭氏陰性菌Cyanobacteria藍(lán)細(xì)菌Plasma細(xì)胞漿Mesosome間體Nuleoid擬核Sytosol細(xì)胞質(zhì)、原生質(zhì)Bilayer雙分子層（膜）Protein蛋白質(zhì)Lipid脂類Carbohydrate糖類、碳水化合物osmoticpressure滲透壓Peptidoglycan肽聚糖Subcellular亞細(xì)胞的Ganelle細(xì)胞器Genetic遺傳的Chromosome染色體ribosomalribonucleicacidrRNAEndoplasmicreticulum內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)Phospholipid磷脂Detoxification解毒Golgiapparatus高爾基體Refresh更新Mitochondria線粒體oxidativephosphorylation氧化磷酸化fattyacid脂肪酸degradation降解Chloroplasts葉綠體thylakoidvesicles類囊體photosynthesis光合作用Lysosomes溶酶體Macromolecule大分子Enzyme酶Cytoskeleton細(xì)胞支架Metabolic新陳代謝的Centrifugation離心Isolate分離Equilibrium平衡Density密度Friction摩擦力Velocity速率Supernatant上清夜Pellet沉淀第二章Aminoacid氨基酸Enantiomers對(duì)映體Tetrahedral正四面體的Hydrophobic疏水的、憎水的Aliphatic脂肪族的Aromatic芳香族的Polar極性的Charged帶電荷的GlycineGly,甘氨酸alanineAla,丙氨酸valineVal,纈氨酸leucineLeu,亮氨酸isoleucineIle,異亮氨酸methionineMet,甲硫氨酸prolinePro,脯氨酸cystineCys,半胱氨酸PhenylalaninePhe,苯丙氨酸TyrosineTyr,酪氨酸TryptophanTrp,色氨酸AsparaginesAsn,天冬酰胺GlutamineGln,谷氨酰胺SerineSer,絲氨酸ThreonineThr,蘇氨酸VarginineArg,精氨酸LysineLys,賴氨酸HistidineHis,組氨酸asparticacidAsp,天冬氨酸glutamicacidGlu,谷氨酸base堿carboxyl羧基isoelectricpoint等電點(diǎn)positive正的、陽(yáng)性的negative負(fù)的、陰性的buffering緩沖physiological生理的Primarystructure一級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)Secondarystructure二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)Tertiarystructure三級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)Quaternarystructure四級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)peptidebond肽鍵sequence順序、序列covalentBond共價(jià)鍵polypeptide多肽terminal末端carbonyl羰基resonancestructures共振結(jié)構(gòu)rigid剛性的rotate旋轉(zhuǎn)transconfiguration順式構(gòu)象disulfidebonds二硫鍵α-helixα-落選hydrogenbond氫鍵β-pleatedsheetβ-折疊片parallel平行的antiparallel反平行的randomcoil無(wú)規(guī)卷曲unique唯一的spatial空間的arrangement排列、安排linearsequence線性序列residue殘基Hydrophobicinteraction疏水相互作用Interior內(nèi)部的Electrostaticforce靜電力saltbridge鹽橋、鹽鍵vanderWaalsforce范德華力subunit亞基allostericeffect變構(gòu)效應(yīng)Noncovalentinteractions非共價(jià)相互作用proteinstability蛋白質(zhì)的穩(wěn)定dimensional空間的、維的proton質(zhì)子donor供體、贈(zèng)與者lonepairofelectrons孤對(duì)電子collinear在同一直線上Hydrophobicforce疏水力Nonpolar非極性Minimize最小化proteinfolding蛋白質(zhì)折疊Accessoryprotein輔助蛋白質(zhì)molecularchaperones分子伴侶Myoglobin肌紅蛋白Hemoglobin血紅蛋白prostheticgroup輔基essential必需的heme血紅素crevice縫隙protoporphyrin原卟啉porphyrin卟啉ferrous含鐵的proximal最接近的cooperative協(xié)同的noncooperative非協(xié)同的dissociationcurve解離曲線sigmoidalS形曲線hyperbolic雙曲線affinity親和性bloodcapillaries血管Bohreffect波爾效應(yīng)2,3-biphosphoglycerate2,3-二磷酸甘油酸Mechanism機(jī)制Relaxedstate松弛狀態(tài)tensestate緊張狀態(tài)hemoglobinopathies血紅蛋白分子病Sickle-cellanemia鐮刀形細(xì)胞貧血癥Erythrocyte紅血球stickypatch粘性小區(qū)therapeutic治療的Collagen膠原蛋白Skin皮膚Bone骨骼Tendon腱Cartilage軟骨bloodvessel血管mammal哺乳動(dòng)物fibrous纖維狀的tripeptide三肽的triple-helical三股螺旋的cross-linke交聯(lián)Allysine醛基賴氨酸Antibodie抗體immunesystem免疫系統(tǒng)pathogen病原體trigger引發(fā)、觸發(fā)response響應(yīng)、應(yīng)答antigen抗原antigenicdetermine抗原決定簇epitope抗原決定簇Immunolocalization免疫定位Antibody抗體Enzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassayELISA酶聯(lián)免疫吸附測(cè)定purification提純、純化Homogenization勻漿solubilization溶解Ammoniumsulfate硫酸銨Precipitation沉淀Dialysis透析Chromatographictechniques層析技術(shù)gelfiltration凝膠過(guò)濾affinitychromatography親和層析Electrophoretictechniques電泳技術(shù)isoelectricfocusing等電聚焦SDSpolyacrylamidegeleletrophoresisSDS聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳semi-permeable半透性ligand配基inert惰性的matrix基質(zhì)elute洗出、流出lectin外源凝集素glycoprotein糖蛋白molecularsieve分子篩polyampholytes聚兩性電解質(zhì)gradient梯度migrate遷移、移動(dòng)chymotrypsin胰凝乳蛋白酶sequencing測(cè)序2-mercaptoethanol２－巰基乙醇ninhydrin茚三酮fluorescamine熒光胺fluorodinitrobenzene二硝基氟苯dansylchloride丹磺酰氯phenylisothiocyanatePITC苯異硫氰酸酯fragment片斷、碎片encoding編碼decipher解讀、破譯anchor錨定第三章biocatalyst生物催化劑activesite活性中心substrate底物Theinduced–fitmodel誘導(dǎo)契合學(xué)說(shuō)Stereospecificity立體異構(gòu)專一性Specificity專一性Trypsin胰蛋白酶Elastase彈性蛋白酶Oxidoreductase氧化還原酶Transferase轉(zhuǎn)移酶Hydrolase水解酶Lyase裂合酶Isomerase異構(gòu)酶Ligase連接酶Ribozyme核酶Abzyme抗體酶catalyticantibody抗體酶analog類似物assay化驗(yàn)、測(cè)定optimal最佳的Coenzyme輔酶Cofactor輔因子apoenzyme脫輔酶holoenzyme全酶acetylcholinesterase乙酰膽堿酯酶Nicotinamide煙酰胺Adenine腺嘌呤Dinucleotide二核苷酸Phosphate磷酸Oxidation氧化reduction還原Flavin黃素Mononucleotide單核苷酸Acyl?；鵷hiaminepyrophosphate焦磷酸硫胺素decarboxylase脫羧酶Pyridoxal吡哆醛Pyridoxamine吡哆胺Pyridoxine吡哆醇Ubiquinone泛醌I(xiàn)soenzymes同功酶Kinetic動(dòng)力學(xué)lactatedehydrogenase乳酸脫氫酶proportional成比例的saturate使飽和thermal熱的denaturation變性optimum最適宜的diversity多樣性Michaelis-Mentenequation米氏方程double-reciprocalplot雙倒數(shù)作圖法inhibition抑制Inhibitor抑制劑Metabolite代謝物Irreversible不可逆的Reversible可逆的Competitive競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的Noncompetitive非競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的Probe探測(cè)Clinically臨床上Regulation調(diào)節(jié)committedstep關(guān)鍵步驟activator激活劑Adjust調(diào)節(jié)Feedback反饋Sequential連續(xù)的Branched分支的Conformational構(gòu)象的homotropiceffect同促效應(yīng)heterotropiceffect異促效應(yīng)Phosphofructokinase磷酸果糖激酶Citrate檸檬酸鹽Fructose2,6bisphosphate2,6-二磷酸果糖phosphorylation磷酸化dephosphorylation去磷酸化hydroxyl羥基hormone激素Glycogenphosphorylase糖原磷酸化酶Phosphorylate使磷酸化glycogensynthase糖原合酶unphosphorylate使去磷酸化proteolytic蛋白質(zhì)水解的proenzymes酶原zymogen酶原h(huán)ydrolysis水解pancreatic胰腺的pancreas胰腺smallintestine小腸bloodclotting血液凝固amplification擴(kuò)大cascade級(jí)聯(lián)第四章boundary邊界compartments小室Mechanical機(jī)械的signaling發(fā)信號(hào)insoluble不可溶的glycerophospholipids甘油磷脂類sphingolipids鞘脂類sterols固醇類glycerol甘油sphingosine鞘氨醇sphingomyelins鞘磷脂cholesterol膽固醇steroid類固醇Amphipathic兩性的Hydrophilic親水的Bulky體積大的self-assemble自組裝的fluidity流動(dòng)性rotational轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的lateral側(cè)向的Fluidmosaicmodel流體鑲嵌模型Integral整體的、內(nèi)在的Flip翻跟頭integralmembraneproteins內(nèi)在膜蛋白peripheralmembraneproteins外周膜蛋白asymmetry不對(duì)稱asymmetrically不對(duì)稱地membrane-spaningprotein跨膜蛋白Multiple多重的Lipid-anchoredproteins脂錨定蛋白Heterokaryon異核體Fusion融合Reconstitution重建Reincorporated重新合并Extracellular細(xì)胞外的Intercellular細(xì)胞內(nèi)的Passivetransport被動(dòng)運(yùn)輸activetransport主動(dòng)運(yùn)輸concentration濃度diffusion擴(kuò)散saturable可飽和的facilitated協(xié)助的、推動(dòng)的symport同向運(yùn)送antiport逆向運(yùn)送epithelialcells上皮細(xì)胞exocytosis分泌作用endocytosis內(nèi)吞作用phagocytosis吞噬作用pinocytosis胞飲作用Receptormediatedendocytosisfusion受體介導(dǎo)的內(nèi)吞作用debris碎片transduction轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)Lipophilic親脂性的Receptors受體secondmessengers第二信使第五章Nucleicacid核酸Replication復(fù)制Nucleotide核苷酸Pyrimidine嘧啶Guanine鳥(niǎo)嘌呤Thymine胸腺嘧啶Cytosine胞嘧啶Nucleoside核苷Deoxyribonucleoside脫氧核糖核苷ribonucleoside核糖核苷deoxyribonucleotide脫氧核糖核苷酸genes基因complementarily互補(bǔ)地nucleosome核小體loop突環(huán)rosette玫瑰花結(jié)semi-conservative半保留的polymerase聚合酶template模板primer引物fork叉Bidirectional雙向的Okazakifragments岡崎片段semi-discontinuous半不連續(xù)的strand鏈、一股hybridization雜交meltingtemperature熔融溫度renaturation復(fù)性labeled標(biāo)記的fluorescent熒光的tag標(biāo)記、標(biāo)簽annealing退火amplify增強(qiáng)、擴(kuò)大Thecentraldogma中心法則Transcription轉(zhuǎn)錄initiation起始Elongation延伸termination終止promoters啟動(dòng)子palindrome回文結(jié)構(gòu)processing加工splicing拼接reversetranscription逆轉(zhuǎn)錄第六章geneticcode遺傳密碼intermediate中間的、媒介codons密碼子unambiguous明確的correspond相應(yīng)、符合degenerate簡(jiǎn)并的mutation變異incorporation合并nonoverlapping不相重疊的readingframes閱讀框aminoacyl-tRNA氨酰-tRNApeptidyl-tRNA肽酰-tRNAstem莖、干、臂anticodon反密碼子translocation移位第七章metabo