計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語課件E1-Unit 07

ContentsPart1ReadingandTranslatingSectionA:OSIReferenceModel:TheDrivingForcebehindNetworkCommunicationsSectionB:Ethernet(802.3)Part2SimulatedWriting:WritingProfessionalLetters(I)Part3ListeningandSpeakingDialogue:SettingupWirelessNetworkListeningComprehension：IPv6Dictation:Router1.1SectionA:OSIReferenceModel:TheDrivingForcebehindNetworkCommunicationsWordsdiscrete[di?skri:t]adj.離散的，不連續(xù)的route[ru:t]v.按某路線發(fā)送，給…規(guī)定路線[次序，程序]travel[?tr?vl]v.傳送，移動，旅行intact[in't?kt]adj.完整無缺的，未經(jīng)觸動的，未受損傷的encrypt[in'kript]v.加密，將…譯成密碼scheme[ski:m]n.方案，計(jì)劃，設(shè)計(jì)圖session[?se?n]n.會話，會議Wordschecksum[?t?eks?m]n.校驗(yàn)和，檢查和scramble['skr?mbl]v.把…攪亂，使混雜packet[?p?kit]n.包，束，分組，小包link[li?k]n.鏈路，鏈接，關(guān)聯(lián)，關(guān)系Ethernet['i:θ?net]n.以太網(wǎng)，以太accordingly[??k?:di?li]adv.相應(yīng)地，因此，依據(jù)encode[in'k?ud]v.（將文字材料）譯成密碼，編碼identify[ai'dentifai]v.辨認(rèn)，識別，認(rèn)出，確定1.1SectionA:OSIReferenceModel:TheDrivingForcebehindNetworkCommunicationsPhrasesreferencemodel參考模型serveas充當(dāng)，擔(dān)任，為tokenring令牌環(huán)1.1SectionA:OSIReferenceModel:TheDrivingForcebehindNetworkCommunicationsExercisesI．Readthefollowingstatementscarefully,anddecidewhethertheyaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothetext.___1.It'snotnecessaryforamessagetobedividedintodiscretepackagesofdatawhentravellingoveranetwork.___2.Eachdatapackagemusttakethesamepathoverthenetworkwhiletravelingfromthesendingcomputertothereceivingcomputer.___3.Thetransportlayermakessurethatdataarrivescorrectlyandinpropersequence.___4.Amodified5-layermodelincludesthephysical,datalink,network,transport,andsessionlayers.___5.Thenetworklayersplitsthedatasegmentsfromthetransportlayerintosmallergroupsofbitscalledrouters.1.1SectionA:OSIReferenceModel:TheDrivingForcebehindNetworkCommunicationsII．Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.1.Whichofthefollowingservesastheinterfacebetweentheuserandthenetwork?A.Theapplicationlayer B.ThetransportlayerC.Thedatalinklayer D.Thenetworklayer2.Whichofthefollowingisnotincludedinamodified5-layermodel?A.Theapplicationlayer B.ThetransportlayerC.ThenetworklayerD.Thepresentationlayer1.1SectionA:OSIReferenceModel:TheDrivingForcebehindNetworkCommunications3.WhichofthefollowingdevelopedOSIreferencemodel,acommunicationsstandard?A.TCPB.IPC.ISOD.ASCII1.1SectionA:OSIReferenceModel:TheDrivingForcebehindNetworkCommunicationsⅢ.Identifytheletterofthechoicethatbestmatchesthephraseordefinition.a. antennab. Bluetoothc. computernetworkd. meshnetworke. switch______1.Acollectionofcomputersandotherhardwaredevicesthatareconnectedtogethertosharehardware,software,anddata,aswellastocommunicateelectronicallywithoneanother______2.Adeviceusedforreceivingorsendingradiosignals;oftenusedtoincreasetherangeofanetwork______3.Adeviceusedtoconnectmultipledevicesonasingle(typicallywired)network;forwardspacketstoonlytheintendedrecipient______4.Anetworkingstandardforveryshort-rangewirelessconnections;thedevicesareautomaticallyconnectedoncetheygetwithintheallowablerange______5.Anetworkinwhichtherearemultipleconnectionsbetweenthedevicesonthenetworksothatmessagescantakeanyofseveralpossiblepaths1.1SectionA:OSIReferenceModel:TheDrivingForcebehindNetworkCommunicationsV.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseEthernetEthernetisasetofstandardsimplementingaLANwithabustopology.ItsnameisderivedfromtheoriginalEthernetdesigninwhichmachineswereconnectedbyacoaxialcablecalledtheether.Originaldevelopedinthe1970sandnowstandardizedbyIEEEasapartoftheIEEE802familyofstandards,EthernetisoneofthemostcommonmethodsofnetworkingPCs.Indeed,EthernetcontrollershavebecomeastandardcomponentinthePCsavailableinthecurrentretailmarket.TodaythereareactuallyseveralversionsofEthernet,reflectingadvancesintechnologyandhighertransferrates.All,however,sharecommontraitsthatcharacterizetheEthernetfamily.Amongthesearetheformatinwhichdataarepackagedfortransmission,theuseofManchesterencoding(amethodofrepresenting0sand1sinwhicha0isrepresentedbyadescendingsignalanda1isrepresentedbyanascendingsignal)fortheactualtransmissionofbits,andtheuseofCSMA/CDforcontrollingtherighttotransmit.1.1SectionA:OSIReferenceModel:TheDrivingForcebehindNetworkCommunications1.2SectionB:Ethernet(802.3)Wordstwisted-pair雙絞線coaxial[k?u??ks?l]adj.同軸的fiber-optic[計(jì)]光導(dǎo)纖維ratify[?r?tifai]v.批準(zhǔn)，認(rèn)可bandwidth-intensive帶寬密集型的respective[ris?pektiv]adj.各自的，分別的1.2SectionB:Ethernet(802.3)Wordsproximity[pr?k?simiti]n.鄰近，接近c(diǎn)ounterpart[?kaunt?pɑ?t]n.職位(或作用)相當(dāng)?shù)娜?，對?yīng)的事物chain[t?ein]n.連鎖店或旅館系列的事物1.2SectionB:Ethernet(802.3)Phrasesuptodate擁有(或包含)最新信息的poweroutlet電源（引）出口comeequippedwith配備1.2SectionB:Ethernet(802.3)Notes[1]PoE（PoweroverEthernet，有源以太網(wǎng)），有時也被簡稱為以太網(wǎng)供電，在現(xiàn)有的以太網(wǎng)Cat.5布線基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu)不做任何改動的情況下，在為一些基于IP的終端（如IP電話機(jī)、無線局域網(wǎng)接入點(diǎn)AP、網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像機(jī)等）傳輸數(shù)據(jù)信號的同時，還能為此類設(shè)備提供直流供電的技術(shù)。PoE技術(shù)能在確?，F(xiàn)有結(jié)構(gòu)化布線安全的同時保證現(xiàn)有網(wǎng)絡(luò)的正常運(yùn)作，最大限度地降低成本。1.2SectionB:Ethernet(802.3)Notes[2]Original：Itcanalsobeusedtoplacenetworkeddevicesnearceilingsorotherlocationswhereanearbypoweroutletmaynotbeavailable,andinhomestoconnectwireddevices(suchassecuritycameras)toahomenetworkwithoutrun?ningnewelectricalwiring.Translation：它還可以用于將網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的設(shè)備置于天花板或其他地點(diǎn)附近，在那里，附近的一個電源插座可能不可用,并且在家里能夠?qū)⒂芯€設(shè)備（如安全攝像頭）連接到不用布置新的電線的家庭網(wǎng)絡(luò)。1.2SectionB:Ethernet(802.3)ExercisesI.Readthefollowingstatementscarefully,anddecidewhethertheyaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothetext.1．Wi-FiisaMAN.2.Ethernet,tokenring,andTCP/IPareallnetworkstandards.3．PoEdevicesarepluggedintoanelectricaloutlet.4.．EthernetdescribeshowdatacanbesentbetweennodesandenablesittobeusedwithalmostanykindofcomputerandnetworkdeviceinaLAN.5.Ethernet(802.3)isthemostwidelyusedstandardforwirelessnetworks.1.2SectionB:Ethernet(802.3)II.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.1．Whichofthefollowingisthenetworkstandard?A．TCP/IP B．TokenRingC．Ethernet D．Alloftheabove2．WhichofthefollowingisthecounterpartofEthernet?A．MANB．Wi-FiC．WAND．Noneoftheabove1.2SectionB:Ethernet(802.3)3．WhichofthefollowingisthemostpopularLANstandardintheworld?A．Wi-FiB．MANC．EthernetD．WANⅢ.Identifytheletterofthechoicethatbestmatchesthephraseordefinition.a. nodeb. peer-to-peerc. protocolsd. TCP/IPe. Treenetwork_______1.Inthisnetwork,nodeshaveequalauthorityandcanactasbothclientsandservers._______2.AwidelyusedInternetprotocol._______3.Rulesforexchangingdatabetweencomputers._______4.Anydevicethatisconnectedtoanetwork._______5.Thisnetwork,alsoknownasahierarchicalnetwork,isoftenusedtosharecorporate-widedata.1.2SectionB:Ethernet(802.3)1.2SectionB:Ethernet(802.3)V.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.VirtualPrivateNetwork(VPN)AVirtualPrivateNetwork(VPN)isaprivate,securepathacrossapublicnetwork(usuallytheInternet)thatissetuptoallowauthorizedusersprivate,secureaccesstothecompanynetwork.Forinstance,aVPNcanallowatravelingemployee,businesspartner,oremployeelocatedatasatelliteofficeorpublicwirelesshotspottoconnectsecurelytothecompanynetworkviatheInternet.AprocesscalledtunnelingistypicallyusedtocarrythedataovertheInternet;specialencryptiontechnologyisusedtoprotectthedatasoitcannotbeunderstoodifitisinterceptedduringtransit.Essentially,VPNsallowanorganizationtoprovidesecure,remoteaccesstothecompanynetworkwithoutthecostofphysicallyextendingtheprivatenetwork.2.SimulatedWriting:WritingProfessionalLetters(I)ProfessionalLetters1.簡要介紹商務(wù)信函是一種強(qiáng)有力的方式，被用來傳遞正式的或有說服力的信息。它能夠建立永久性的記錄，或者能夠發(fā)送重要、敏感或機(jī)密的信息。盡管電子郵件已經(jīng)成為最流行的交換書面信息的方式，但商務(wù)信函仍然是一個必要的通信工具。通常寫信是為了與所處的組織之外的人進(jìn)行溝通，當(dāng)然，也可以通過寫信給同事發(fā)送正式的消息。除了所寫的頁面上的話，信的設(shè)計(jì)和格式也在向讀者展示作者自己，作者對細(xì)節(jié)的關(guān)注，以及作者的專業(yè)水平。2.SimulatedWriting:WritingProfessionalLetters(I)ProfessionalLetters2.商務(wù)信函的使用情況（1）與不認(rèn)識的人進(jìn)行交流。雖然電子郵件很容易撰寫，而且送達(dá)速度更快，但其非正式性及自發(fā)性會使郵件顯得太自我或太大膽。（2）記錄交流。商務(wù)信函可以提供一個永久的記錄，尤其是在附有合同、協(xié)議條款，或特別優(yōu)惠時。（3）傳達(dá)壞消息或討論敏感的事情。撰寫書面的信能夠向讀者展示作者對這個問題的認(rèn)真態(tài)度。此外，商務(wù)信函可以保密，并且比一些數(shù)字通信的形式擁有更多的隱私。（4）當(dāng)想要表示感謝、祝賀、慰問，或道歉時。2.SimulatedWriting:WritingProfessionalLetters(I)ProfessionalLetters3.商務(wù)信函的格式完整的商務(wù)信函需要包含以下內(nèi)容：（1）印有抬頭的信箋（2）書寫日期（3）（寫在信箋左上角的）收信人地址（4）（書信等開頭的）稱呼語（5）簡要介紹（6）正文（7）結(jié)尾（8）結(jié)尾敬語和簽名具體的格式范例如下圖與實(shí)例：2.SimulatedWriting:WritingProfessionalLetters(I)ProfessionalLetters3.商務(wù)信函的格式2.SimulatedWriting:WritingProfessionalLetters(I)ProfessionalLetter20December2015ProfessorAndrewMorrisseyExecutiveDirectorExecutiveMBAProgramUniversityofOttawa1350SparksSt.,Suite725Ottawa,ON，KIP1C4DearProfessorMorrissey:Thereisanewprocedureforhandinginhomework.Ibelievethatyouwillfinditanimprovementontheoldone.Itwillbeaconvenientprocedure.Thenewprocedureisasfollows:1.Packyourhomeworkfilesasa.zipor.rarfile.2.Nameyour.zipor.rarfilewiththefollowingformat:YourstudentID_yourname_Homework1.3.Loginftp://19withyourstudentID.4.OpenthefoldernamedComputerConcepts.5.Openthesub-foldernamedFirstHomework.6.Copyyournamedfileandpastethere.Attention1.Makesurethattheformatisrequested.2.Handinwithin3dayssincethehomeworkisassigned,otherwise,thefolderwillbeclosed.2.SimulatedWriting:WritingProfessionalLetters(I)ProfessionalLetters4.稱呼語的使用當(dāng)撰寫一封商務(wù)信函時，你也是在建立一個你自己的以及你所代表的組織的形象。通常，信函決定了第一次和你接觸的人對你的持久的印象。（1）稱呼格式當(dāng)撰寫一封商務(wù)信函時，你也是在建立一個你自己的以及你所代表的組

織的形象。通常，信函決定了第一次和你接觸的人對你的持久的印象。

（2）標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號

稱呼語中的標(biāo)點(diǎn)也代表著信的意圖。

商務(wù)信函在稱呼語之后寫一個冒號（：），而私人信件則用逗號（，）2.SimulatedWriting:WritingProfessionalLetters(I)ProfessionalLetters4.稱呼語的使用（3）名字寫一封正式的信件時，稱呼中不能使用收件人的名字，如DearMs.LouisaJones（尊敬的路易莎瓊斯女士）。然而，如果你和收件人關(guān)系比較友好，則可以使用名字，如DearBob（尊敬的鮑勃）。（4）非個人稱呼如果你并不知道收件人的名字，那就使用一個非個人稱呼，如讀者的頭銜，如DearOperationsManager（尊敬的運(yùn)營經(jīng)理）的名稱或使用他們的部門或單位的名稱，如DearHumanResourcesDepartment（尊敬的人力資源部）2.SimulatedWriting:WritingProfessionalLetters(I)ProfessionalLetters4.稱呼語的使用（5）等級榮譽(yù)在撰寫特別正式的商務(wù)信函時，你可能需要在稱呼中加入工作頭銜、等級，或榮譽(yù)稱號，如DearPresidentCunningham（尊敬的坎寧安總統(tǒng)）。（6）國際信件一些國家，看待信件的頭銜和稱呼可能要比在其他一些國家更加認(rèn)真，當(dāng)然，使用的規(guī)則也是因地而異。如果你使用了錯誤形式的地址也會很尷尬。如果信件讀者在國外，最安全的方法是使用傳統(tǒng)的名稱，即DearTitleName（尊敬的+頭銜+姓名），并使用正式的語氣去撰寫信函。2.SimulatedWriting:WritingProfessionalLetters(I)ProfessionalLetters4.稱呼語的使用稱呼語適合提到盡量避免格式

使用DearTitleName（尊敬的+頭銜+姓名）的稱呼格式在商務(wù)信函的稱呼中接一個冒號（：）省略“Dear”（“尊敬的”）在結(jié)尾處使用逗號，除了私人信函之外姓名使用讀者的姓僅使用讀者的名字（用于私人信函）用“Miss”（“女士”）或“Mrs.”（“夫人”）作為讀者頭銜在正式信函中使用讀者的名字國際讀者熟悉讀者國家的寫信習(xí)俗使用正式的稱呼語

信函以個人為中心你與讀者有著友好的關(guān)系，使用非正式的稱呼語3.1Dialogue:SettingupWirelessNetworkWordsbroadband[?br?:db?nd]n.寬帶port[p?:t]n.端口find[faind]v.知道，得知，獲悉couch[kaut?]n.睡椅，沙發(fā)yard[ja:d]n.院子

3.1Dialogue:DeepLearningPhraseslightup照亮，點(diǎn)燃beincludedwith包括在bytheway順便提一句3.2ListeningComprehension：IPv6Listentothearticleandanswerthefollowing3questionsbasedonit.Afteryouhearaquestion,therewillbeabreakof15seconds.Duringthebreak,youwilldecidewhichoneisthebestansweramongthefourchoicesmarked(A),(B),(C)and(D).Questions1. Whatisthemostdirectandpowerfuldrivingfo