非謂語動詞十大解題原則-教師版

非謂語動詞非謂語動詞主要包括todo,-ing和-ed三種形式，可是其用法非常廣泛，它不僅是高考單項選擇題測試的一個重點(diǎn)，而且也是完形填空、閱讀理解、短文改錯的重要考查內(nèi)容。為了能更好地掌握非謂語動詞的用法，老師在教學(xué)實(shí)踐中總結(jié)出十條實(shí)用的解題原則，并且還用相關(guān)的題目來解釋這些原則。根據(jù)這些原則，相信同學(xué)們可以輕松地應(yīng)對非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞的形式分類形式一般式進(jìn)行式完成式不定式主動式todotobedoingtohavedone被動式tobedone無tohavebeendoneV-ing主動式doing無havingdone被動式beingdone無havingbeendone過去分詞done規(guī)律性非謂語動詞試題的解題步驟（有提示詞）高考中大部分的非謂語動詞試題都屬于規(guī)律性的試題，解答這種類型的題目時，我們需按照“找邏輯主語、判斷關(guān)系、判斷形式”三個步驟來解題，即“第一，找非謂語動詞的邏輯主語；第二，判斷邏輯主語與非謂語動詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系，主動？被動？還是表示目的或者將來？第三，判斷非謂語動詞的形式?！弊⒁猓涸谡Z法填空中，首先要判斷所給提示詞在句中到底是做謂語還是非謂語。判定用非謂語動詞形式的根本依據(jù)就是“句中已有謂語”，即，句子不缺謂語的情況下，所給提示詞才能考慮用其非謂語動詞形式。一、區(qū)分簡單句與復(fù)合句，判斷式謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞Thatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveidea,soIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,_closed____(close)mybookandwalkedaway.Wealsohavetoconsiderthefeelingoftheperson_receiving______(receive)thegift.Althoughhehasbeentoldmanytimes,hestillmade(make)thesamemistake.Hewonthefirstprizeandsurprised(surprise)allofus.Withsomanypeoplecommunicating(communicate)inEnglisheveryday,itwillbecomemoreimportanttohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.Nowadays,almosteveryone_realizes(realize)thatsmokingisharmfultopeople’shealth.Therewas(be)nobus,Ihadtowalkhome.Spend(spend)moretimeonyourstudy,andyouarelikelytomakebiggerprogress.Spending(spend)moretimeonyourstudyisnecessaryforyoutomakeprogressinstudy.Hetotallydevotedhimselftosciencestudy,whichmade(make)hisfamilyveryupset.Whattheshopisselling(sell)nowattractsalotofcustomers.Thebeliefisthateveryonedepends(depend)onthemselves,andthechoicetheymakeisofgreatimportance.非謂語動詞在高考中的具體應(yīng)用一、非謂語動詞作狀語的題型：1.__Seen_______(see)fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.2.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,__causing_______(cause)seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.3._Tocomplete________(complete)theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.解題思路：1.從句中“is”可判定句中已有謂語了，表明句子不缺謂語，那也就表明所給提示詞“see”在句中應(yīng)該是不作謂語的動詞形式，即非謂語動詞形式；此時就可以利用三步驟來分析決定用哪一種非謂語形式了：第一、“see”的邏輯主語就是句子的主語“thesouthfootofthemountain”；第二、“thesouthfootofthemountain”和“see”之間是“被看的”被動關(guān)系；第三、動詞的過去分詞表示被動關(guān)系，因此第1題應(yīng)填“seen”，作方式狀語。2.從句中“rained”可判定句子已有謂語了，說明所給提示詞“cause”在句中作非謂語，“cause”的邏輯主語就是句子主語“it”，兩者是主動的關(guān)系，即“大雨導(dǎo)致洪澇”；現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動關(guān)系，因此第2題應(yīng)填“causing”，作結(jié)果狀語。3.按照以上分析方法可判定“complete”在句中作非謂語，“complete”和其邏輯主語，即句子主語“thestaff”，是主動關(guān)系，但“complete”在此處是表達(dá)目的，動詞不定式表示目的或?qū)?，因此?題應(yīng)填“tocomplete”。二、非謂語動詞作定語的題型：1.Agreatnumberofstudents___questioned______(question)saidtheywereforcedtopracticethepiano.2.Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone__toberepaired_______(repair)firstisthelibrary.解題思路：1.先以“抽主干”的方式來劃分句子成分，也可用此方法簡化句子，以便更好地理解：“Agreatnumberofstudents”的中心詞為“students”，做主語，句子謂語是“said”，“theywereforcedtopracticethepiano”在句中作賓語，即賓語從句；所給提示詞“question”作動詞使用時，意為“問（某人）問題”，在句中作定語，修飾“students”，應(yīng)用其非謂語形式；此時就可用三步驟來決定用哪一種非謂語動詞形式了：第一、“question”的邏輯主語就是它所修飾的名詞“students”；第二、兩者之間是被動的關(guān)系，翻譯為“被問的學(xué)生”；第三、動詞的過去分詞表示被動，由此綜合可判定此處應(yīng)填“questioned”。2.由“but”一連詞可知這是一個并列句，我們重點(diǎn)看后面的小分句：theone是句子的主語，isthelibrary是系表結(jié)構(gòu)作謂語，所給提示詞“repair”在句中作定語修語構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時用-ing形式，構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系是用-ed形式。其邏輯主語和句子主語不一致時，要在非謂語動詞前加邏輯主語，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)例15．____twice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechangedourdog.A.Beingbitten

B.Bitten

C.HavingbittenD.Tobebitten解析：本題考查非謂語動詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應(yīng)和句子主語thepostman一致，thepostman應(yīng)該是被咬，所以答案為B。例16._______inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring.A.Towalk.

B.Walking

C.Walked

D.Havingwalked解析：本題考查非謂語動詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應(yīng)和句子主語he一致,he和walk應(yīng)該是主動關(guān)系，所以答案為B。例17.

Whilewatchingtelevision,__________.A.thedoorbellrang

B.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellring

D.weheardthedoorbellrings解析：根據(jù)“非謂語動詞作狀語，其邏輯主語必須和句子主語保持一致”的原則，watching的邏輯主語應(yīng)和后面句子主語一致，所以句子主語應(yīng)為“we”，答案為C。例18.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons____fortheday.A.finishing

B.finished

C.hadfinished

D.werefinished解析：本題沒有連詞，所以后面應(yīng)用非謂語動詞，thelessons是非謂語動詞的邏輯主語，和非謂語動詞構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)是“被完成”，所以答案為B。原則九、不定式做狀語一般有兩種：目的狀語和出乎意料的結(jié)果狀語（表示順其自然的結(jié)果用-ing形式）。另外，某些形容詞（表喜、怒、哀、樂）做表語后跟不定式可以表示原因例19．_____,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.A.Beingawinner

B.Tobeawinner

C.Beawinner

D.Havingbeenawinner解析：根據(jù)句意“要想成為獲勝者，你要付出所有，盡最大努力”，此處表目的，所以答案為B。例20.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_______thefilmstarshadleft.A.totell

B.tobetold

C.tellingD.told解析：本句句意為“記者們匆匆趕到機(jī)場，卻被告知明星們已經(jīng)走了”，表出乎意料的結(jié)果常常用onlytodo，所以答案為B。例21.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance,________inthenaturallightduringtheday.A.tolet

B.letting

C.let

D.havinglet解析：本題句意為“玻璃門替換了木頭門，自然光就進(jìn)來了”，自然光進(jìn)來時順其自然的結(jié)果，所以用doing,答案為B。例22.HowgladIam___________you!A.seeing

B.tosee

C.saw

D.havingseen解析：本題是Iamgladtoseeyou的感嘆句形式，toseeyou是原因狀語，答案為B。原則十、非謂語動詞的否定原則是在非謂語動詞前加not，有nottodo,notdoing,nothavingdone,nottohavedone幾種形式例23______thathewasingreatdanger,Ericwalkeddeeperintotheforest.A.Notrealized

B.Nottorealize

C.Notrealizing

D.Nottohaverealized解析：本題考查doing的否定形式notdoing，答案為C。例24.Whatworriedhimmostwas______tovisithissickchild.A.hisbeingnotallowed

B.hisnotbeingallowedC.hisnotallowing

D.havingnotbeenallowed解析：本題考查beingdone的否定形式notbeingdone;his為notbeingdone的邏輯主語，所以答案為B。例25.Sarahhasdecided________awayonholidaythissummer.A.don’tgo

B.tonotgo

C.notgoing

D.nottogo解析：本題考查todo的否定形式nottodo,所以答案為D。考點(diǎn)突破，真題演練單句填空：用括號中所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.___Walking__________(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.(全國)2.Eugene'sneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions.It’snouse__arguing________(argue)withhim.(上海)3.Pleaseremain_seated________(seat);thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.(遼寧)4.—CanIsmokehere?—Sorry.Wearen’tallowed___tosmoke________(smoke)here.(江蘇)5.Itisdifficulttoimaginehis_accepting______(accept)thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.(陜西)6.Ican’tstand_working________(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefusestostop_(stop)talkingwhilesheworks.(北京)7.Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneed_repairing/toberepaired____________(repair).(陜西)8.Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetried_tolive_______(live)alone,butshedidn’tlikeitandmovedbackhome.(湖南)9.—Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh,yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted_nottotake_(nottake)hisadvice!(安徽)10.Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways__getting______(get)herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.(湖南)11.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesksbeingopenedandclosed_(openandclose)couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.(全國)12.—Theyarequiet,aren’tthey?—Yes.Theyareaccustomedto_nottalking______(nottalk)atmeals.(江蘇)13.Isn'tittimeyougotdownto__mark______(mark)thepapers?(重慶)14.Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto__setting______(set)upsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.(上海)15.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_walking_______(walk)intheflower-linedgarden.(上海)16.Havingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtime__passing______(pass)theexam.(福建)17.AccordingtoarecentU.S.survey,childrenspendupto25hoursaweek_(in)watching_(watch)TV.(上海)18.Ibelievethat’sthebestwaytopreventsuchathingfrom_happening(happen)again.(全國)19.Didyouhavetroublein_finding_(find)thepostoffice?(全國)20.Sandycoulddonothingbutadmit_(admit)tohisteacherthathewaswrong.(上海)21.Ismellsomething_burning(burn)inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?(全國)22.Don’tleavethewater_running_______(run)whileyoubrushyourteeth.(天津)23.Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire_burning__________(burn)allnight.(全國)24.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_tobecarried_(carry)outthenextyear.(全國)25.TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish_spoken_(speak)asmuchaswecan.(江蘇)26.Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem__interested__________(interest)inhislectures.(江蘇)27.Energydrinksarenotallowedtobemade_(make)inAustraliabutarebroughtinfromNewZealand.(上海)28.Myadviserencouragedme_totake_(take)asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.(北京)29.Myparentshavealwaysmademe_feel_(feel)goodaboutmyself,evenwhenIwastwelve.(江蘇)30.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenhergrow(grow)upfromchildhood.(全國)31.Themotherfeltherself_grow_(grow)coldandherhandstrembledasshereadtheletterfromthebattlefield.(上海)32.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_tolearn_(learn).Healwaysworkshard.(全國)33.—Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Sorry.Withsomuchwork_filling_(fill)mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.(福建)34.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhisworkfinished_(finish),hegladlyacceptedit.(安徽)35.Withalotofdifficultproblems_set_(set),thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(上海)36.Thedirectorhadherassistant_pick_____(pick)upsomehotdogsforthemeeting.(全國)37.—DidPeterfixthecomputerhimself?—Hehadit__fixed______(fix),becausehedoesn’tknowmuchaboutcomputers.(安徽)38.JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglish_improved(improve)inashortperiod.(福建)39.Helenhadtoshouttomakeherself_heard(hear)abovethesoundofthemusic.(廣西)40.Peterreceivedale