英語句子成分詳細講解課件(共34張)

句子成分句子成分主語subject謂語predicate賓語object表語predicative賓補complement定語attribute狀語adverbial同位語appositive1.

I

met

mybest

friend

Tom

atthestationyesterday.↓主語↓謂語↓定語↓賓語↓同位語↓狀語1.主語（subject)：主語是一個句子的主題，是句子所陳述的主體，一般放于句首，可以是人，也可以是物，指動作的執(zhí)行者。例:那個學生問了老師一些問題.Thestudentaskedtheteachersomequestions.主語例:今天的天氣非常好.Theweatherisverynicetoday.主語2.謂語（predicate)：謂語一般是指主語的動作或狀態(tài)，由動詞或動詞短語充當，位置一般放于主語后面。例:他工作非常努力.Heworksveryhard.謂語例:今天的天氣非常好.Theweatherisverynicetoday.謂語例:他在字典里查出了這個單詞.Helookedupthewordinthedictionary.謂語3.賓語（object)：賓語在句子中主要充當動作的承受者，一般放于及物動詞之后。例:老師把燈關了.Theteacherturnedoffthelights.介賓例:他們將不會傷害我們.Theywon’thurtus.動賓例:他在上個星期放棄吸煙了.Hegaveupsmokinglastweek.介賓賓語動賓介賓9、要學生做的事，教職員躬親共做；要學生學的知識，教職員躬親共學；要學生守的規(guī)則，教職員躬親共守。2023/11/142023/11/14Tuesday,November14,202310、閱讀一切好書如同和過去最杰出的人談話。2023/11/142023/11/142023/11/1411/14/20232:09:18AM11、只有讓學生不把全部時間都用在學習上，而留下許多自由支配的時間，他才能順利地學習……（這）是教育過程的邏輯。2023/11/142023/11/142023/11/14Nov-2314-Nov-2312、要記住，你不僅是教課的教師，也是學生的教育者，生活的導師和道德的引路人。2023/11/142023/11/142023/11/14Tuesday,November14,202313、Hewhoseizetherightmoment,istherightman.誰把握機遇，誰就心想事成。2023/11/142023/11/142023/11/142023/11/1411/14/202314、誰要是自己還沒有發(fā)展培養(yǎng)和教育好，他就不能發(fā)展培養(yǎng)和教育別人。14十一月20232023/11/142023/11/142023/11/1415、一年之計，莫如樹谷；十年之計，莫如樹木；終身之計，莫如樹人。十一月232023/11/142023/11/142023/11/1411/14/202316、教學的目的是培養(yǎng)學生自己學習，自己研究，用自己的頭腦來想，用自己的眼睛看，用自己的手來做這種精神。2023/11/142023/11/1414November202317、兒童是中心，教育的措施便圍繞他們而組織起來。2023/11/142023/11/142023/11/142023/11/14Youhavetobelieveinyourself.That'sthesecretofsuccess.

人必須相信自己，這是成功的秘訣。

賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語.直接賓語指物,間接賓語指人.Hegaveme

somebooks.↓間接賓語↓直接賓語●Pleasepassme

thebook.●Hebought

me

someflowers.4.表語：表語主要用于表述主語的特征，狀態(tài)，身份等。它位于連系動詞后，構成系表結構。連系動詞例:我是一個老師.Iamateacher.表語例:這種水果嘗起來味道很好.Thiskindoffruittastesverydelicious.表語1.be動詞(am,is,are,was,were)3.感官動詞(look,smell,hear,feel…)+表語2.表狀態(tài)變化的動詞(get/become/turn/keep/remain/stay)例:那個女孩變得非常擔心.Thegirlgotworried.表語5.定語:(attribute)定語是用來說明名詞（代詞）的品質(zhì)與特征的詞。這是一節(jié)生動有趣的課．Thisisalivelyandinterestingclass.有一些難題要處理．Thereissomethingdifficulttodealwith.前置定語后置定語Ittookhimquitealittletimetogetfamiliarwiththeroutes______tothenest-shapedstadium.花了很長時間他才熟悉通往鳥巢形的體育館的路。leading定語Heisacleverboy.Theyarebuildingastonebridge.Thereare54studentsinourclass.DoyouknownBetty’ssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.Imetafriendonmywayhome.(形容詞)(名詞)(數(shù)詞)(名詞的所有格)(動名詞)(現(xiàn)在分詞)(過去分詞)(副詞)６.狀語:(adverbial)狀語是修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞以及全句的句子成分；按用途分，可分為時間，地點，原因，結果，目的，條件，讓步，程度，方式，伴隨狀況等。①表時間：yesterday,today,tomorrow…Shallwegoshoppingtodayortomorrow?我們是今天還是明天出去買東西?。竣诒淼攸c：inChina,attheairport…Isawastudentintheclassroom.我在教室里看見一個學生．③表原因:because,as,for,since…他因為生病所以今天沒有去上學．

Becausehewasill,hedidn’tgotoschooltoday.④表結果：to+do,v+ing,從句那個男孩從樹上掉下來了，頭撞到地上了．Theboyfelloffthetree,strikinghisheadagainsttheground.⑤表目的:inorderto,inorderthat,forthepurpose為了考入一個更好的學校，我必須更加努力．Inordertogetintoabetterschool,Imuststudyevenharder.⑥表條件:as/solongas,if,unless,只要努力學習，你就會取得好成績．Aslongasyoustudyhard,youcangetahighmark.⑦表讓步:inspiteof,despite,although,though他雖然不認識我，但卻幫了我．Hehelpedmealthoughhedidn’tknowme.⑧表程度:very,enough那里的風景非常漂亮．Thescenerythereisverybeautiful.⑨表方式:likethat,as,asif…不要那樣看我．Don’tlookatmelikethat!⑩表伴隨狀況：老師走進教室，手里拿著一本書．Theteachercameintotheclassroom,catchingabookinhishand.７.補語:(complement)補語主語補足語：賓語補足語：補充說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)補充說明賓語的動作或狀態(tài)１．我又累又困，就去睡了。Tiredandsleepy,Iwenttobed.2．我發(fā)現(xiàn)那本書很有趣。Ifoundthatbookveryinteresting.主語補足語賓語補足語你的朋友來上學時心情很不好。Yourfriendcomestoschoolveryupset.8.同位語:(appositive)當兩個同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時，一個句子成分可被用來說明或解釋另一個句子成分，后者就叫做前者的同位語。我們有兩個孩子，一男一女．Wehavetwochildren,aboyandagirl.那人是我的老師，他從來都不騎自行車．Theman,myteacher,neverridesabike.Iwantthisdiaryitselftobemyfriend.P77句子分類簡單句復合句并列復合句主從復合句有兩個或兩個以上的簡單句用連詞連接而成。如：and,but,or,so等定語從句狀語從句名詞性從句由一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）組成的句子.eg:TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthenewspaper.由主句和從句構成，且主從句分別有不同的主謂結構。句子成分練習題(一)(一).指出下列句中主語的中心詞①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.(三)挑出下列句中的賓語

①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.(四)挑出下列句中的表語

①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.(五)挑出下列句中的定語①TheyuseMr./Mrs.withthefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!(六)挑出下列句中的賓語補足語①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?(七)挑出下列句中的狀語①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.(八)劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.五大基本句型一:ＳＶ(主＋謂)二:ＳＶＰ(主＋系＋表)三:ＳＶＯ(主＋謂＋賓)四:ＳＶｏＯ(主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓)五:ＳＶＯＣ(主＋謂＋賓＋賓補)基本句型一:ＳＶ(主＋謂)謂語:不及物動詞(vi.)沒有賓語,形成主謂結構。如:Wecome.Ｓ│Ｖ(不及物動詞)1.Thesun

rose.2.Whocares?3.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.4.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.5.Thepenwritessmoothly基本句型二：Ｓ│Ｖ(是系動詞)│Ｐ(表語)1.This

is

anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Thedinner

smells

good.3.He

fell

inlove.4.Everything

looks

different.5.He

isgrowing

tallandstrong.6.Ourwell

hasgone

dry.7.Hisface

turned

red.

基本句型三:ＳＶＯ(主＋謂＋賓)此句型的特點是：謂語動詞都是及物動詞,必須跟有一個賓語,即動作的承受者,才能使意思完整。Ｓ│Ｖ(及物動詞)│Ｏ(賓語)1.Who

knows

theanswer?2.He

hasrefused

tohelpthem.3.He

enjoys

reading.4.He

said

“Goodmorning.”5.He

admits

thathewasmistaken.Ｓ│Ｖ(及物)│ｏ(多指人)│Ｏ(多指物)She

ordered

herself

anewdress.2.He

brought

you

adictionary.3.I

showed

him

mypictures.4.I

told

him

thatthebuswaslate.5.He

showed

me

howtorunthemachine.基本句型五:ＳＶＯＣ(主＋謂＋賓＋賓補)此句型的特點是:動詞雖然是及物動詞,但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思,必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語,才能使意思完整。賓語補足語:位于賓語之后對賓語作出說明的成分?？梢杂米髻e語補足語的有名詞,形容詞,不定式,動名詞,分詞,介詞短語等。Thewarmadehimasoldier.Newmethodsmakethejobeasy.Ioftenfindhimatwork.