北京大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語專業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題匯編及模擬試題詳解

目錄

第1章北京大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語[專業(yè)碩士]考研真題匯編

2014年北京大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語[專業(yè)碩士]考研真題（回

憶版）

2013年北京大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語[專業(yè)碩士]考研真題（回

憶版）

2012年北京大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語[專業(yè)碩士]考研真題（回

憶版）

第2章北京大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語[專業(yè)碩士]模擬試題及詳

解

北京大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語[專業(yè)碩士]模擬試題及詳解

（一）

北京大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語[專業(yè)碩士]模擬試題及詳解

（二）

北京大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語[專業(yè)碩士]模擬試題及詳解

（三）

第1章北京大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士

英語[專業(yè)碩士]考研真題匯編

2014年北京大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語

[專業(yè)碩士]考研真題（回憶版）

I.VocabularyandGrammar(30points)

考點(diǎn)回憶：

slept后面接什么介詞，從on、off、through、over選擇

asmuchas用法

truculent、loathsome、abhorrent、abeyant、sumptuous等詞義辨析

intestines、guts、gall、bile等詞義辨析

incredible、increditable、incredulous、incremental詞義辨析

ingenuous、ingenious、insidious、invidious等詞義辨析

baptism、tribulation、catechism、crucifixion詞義辨析

dooming、blanketing、penetrating詞義辨析

rest介詞搭配

選出沒有語法錯(cuò)誤的句子（七八個(gè)題）

II.Readingcomprehension(40points)

Section1Multiplechoice(28points)

文章內(nèi)容是關(guān)于康拉德著作HeartofDarkness的評(píng)論分析，文章后

為7個(gè)選擇題。

Section2Answeringquestions(12points)

文章內(nèi)容是關(guān)于Davidmiles的文章“ThePicaro'sJourneytothe

Confessional:TheChangingImageoftheHerointheGerman

Bildungsroman”的評(píng)論分析，文章后為4個(gè)問答題。

III.Writing(30points)

今年的作文是讓對(duì)馬克吐溫"Thefearofdeathfollowsfromthefearof

life.Amanwholivesfullyispreparedtodieatanytime."這句話進(jìn)行評(píng)

析。

2013年北京大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語[專業(yè)

碩士]考研真題（回憶版）

1．本試卷共6道大題（共計(jì)61個(gè)小題），滿分100分；

2．本卷屬試題卷，答題另有答題卷，答案一律寫在答題卷上，寫

在該試題卷上或草紙上均無效。要注意試卷清潔，不要在試卷上涂劃；

3．必須用藍(lán)、黑鋼筆或簽字筆答題，其它均無效。

I.Thereare15sentencesinthispart.Beneatheachsentencethereare

fourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetherightone.

(30points)

考點(diǎn)回憶：

resignoneselfto的用法

somuch…as的用法

ChinaDaily前加不加冠詞

虛擬語氣

jog,wake,remind,alert四選一，后面的詞是hismemory

amiable,amenable,amicable形近詞辨析

好幾道題都是判斷句子有沒有錯(cuò)

II.Thereare3passagesandeachisfollowedby5questionsor

unfinishedstatements.ChoosefromthefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,

CandDtheoneyouthinkisthebestanswer.(30points)

Passage1

PhilipRoth'sDepartureFromwriting

—BernardAvishai

第一篇講的是一位作家封筆了，文章題目都不難，5道選擇。

Passage2

YourPro-SlutProblin-Not

—Samuel

第二篇是一位女性（貌似是以色列的）參加了一個(gè)party，被驅(qū)逐

了，然后脫衣服表達(dá)了不滿，作者以前寫了一篇聲援她的文章，被別人

說是pro-slut，這篇文章是反駁的，5道選擇。

Passage3

TheFinalInsult：MittRomney'sCluele'sGiftGaffre

—JohnAvon

第三篇講的是羅姆尼選舉失敗，他說奧巴馬賄賂了大眾，文章比較

支持奧巴馬，認(rèn)為羅姆尼脫離了modernAmerica，幸虧他沒有勝出。4

道問答題。

III.Writing(30points)

JosephEpstein,afamousAmericanwriter,oncesaid,“Wedecidewhat

isimportantandwhatistrivialinlife.Wedecide,wechoose.Intheend,we

formingourowndestinyiswhatambitionisabout.”However,theother

scholarsaidmodestyismostimportant.Writeanessaytostateyouropinion

abouttherelationshipaboutmodestyandambition,andhowtheyaffect

futureandsuccess.

2012年北京大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語[專業(yè)

碩士]考研真題（回憶版）

I.VocabularyandGrammar(30points)

30個(gè)單選，有詞匯題、語法題和選出句子中沒有錯(cuò)誤的試題

II.Readingcomprehension(40points)

Section1Multiplechoice(20points)

文章內(nèi)容有關(guān)一種轉(zhuǎn)基因的魚，文章后為8個(gè)選擇題。

Section2Answeringquestions(20points)

文章內(nèi)容是有關(guān)歐債危機(jī)的，講的是德國和英國的態(tài)度。文章后為

5個(gè)問答題。

III.Writing(30points)

作文是關(guān)于“小悅悅”事件的看法

第2章北京大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士

英語[專業(yè)碩士]模擬試題及詳解

北京大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語[專業(yè)碩

士]模擬試題及詳解（一）

I.VocabularyandGrammar(30points)

1.Meanwhile,theUSandIsraelregardIranasaroguestatethatseeksto

exportterror,buildnuclearweaponsand______theMiddleEastpeace

process.

A.conspire

B.deviate

C.distort

D.sabotage

【答案】D

【解析】sabotage對(duì)…進(jìn)行蓄意破壞。conspire搞陰謀，共謀。

deviate背離，偏離。distort曲解，歪曲。

2.Nxeledenouncedsorcery,adultery,______,incest,extortion,and

murder;hewouldnoteatpreparedfood,whichhesaidwasunclean,and

stoppeddrinkingmilk.

A.monogamy

B.monologue

C.polygamy

D.polygene

【答案】C

【解析】句意：Nxele對(duì)巫術(shù)、通奸、多配偶制、亂倫、勒索和謀殺

進(jìn)行公開譴責(zé)；…。polygamy多配偶(制)。monogamy一夫一妻制。

monologue獨(dú)白。polygene多基因。

3.InadditiontotheMandarindialects,therearesixotherChinese

dialectgroups,spokenmainlyinsouthernandsoutheasternChina.This

linguistic______,particularlyinsoutheasternChina,hasprovidedthebasis

forstrongregionalidentityandsomeethnicvariationwithinthelargerHan

community.

A.fragmentation

B.unanimity

C.lethargy

D.apotheosis

【答案】A

【解析】fragmentation分裂，破碎。unanimity無異議，全體一致。

lethargy無精打采，無生氣。apotheosis神化。

4.Here,soprofligatehasitsusebecometheairconditionerisalmost

______theautomobileofthenationaltendencytooverindulgeinevery

technicalpossibility,touseeveryconveniencetosuchexcessthatthecountry

looksdownrightcoddled.

A.asglaringsymptomas

B.asglaringasymptomas

C.assymptomglaringas

D.asglaringasasymptom

【答案】B

【解析】本句是so...that...句型?？瞻撞糠质怯胊s表示同級(jí)比較，語

序應(yīng)為：as+adj.+不定冠詞+n.+as…，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.Arogueloosecalledahackercouldtakecontroloftheentiresystem

byimplantinghisowninstructionsinthesoftwareandthenhecouldprogram

thecomputertoeraseanysign______.

A.ofhisbeingeverthere

B.heeverhasbeenthere

C.ofhishavingeverbeenthere

D.ofhimhavingeverbeenthere

【答案】C

【解析】本題考察動(dòng)名詞的所有格形式；另外，根據(jù)句意可知，sign

的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞的完成時(shí)。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

6.Petrazzini’smainconcernisnotsomuchculturalhomogenization

associatedwiththespreadoftheInternet,butanexacerbationofthegap

betweenyoungandoldandbetweenspreadoftheInternet.

A.uniformity

B.discrepancy

C.convention

D.distinction

【答案】A

【解析】句意：Petrazzini的主要觀點(diǎn)不是隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及而帶來

嚴(yán)重的文化同化，而是青年人和老年人之間以及因特網(wǎng)傳播的代溝擴(kuò)大

的惡化。homogenization勻化，同質(zhì)化。uniformity同樣，一致。

discrepancy差異，矛盾。convention大會(huì)，協(xié)定。distinction區(qū)別，差

異。

7.LeeFordandDanBrooks,aLondon-basedcreativeanddevelopment

team,cameupwithan“edgy”Volkswagenspotforademo:aterroristtries

todetonateacarbomboutsideacrowdedcafé.

A.ignite

B.stain

C.impede

D.ascribe

【答案】A

【解析】detonate引爆。ignite點(diǎn)燃，引爆。這里指“一個(gè)恐怖分子在

一個(gè)擁擠的咖啡館想引爆一個(gè)汽車炸彈”。stain污點(diǎn)，瑕疵。impede阻

止。ascribe歸因于。

8.Inacompetitiveandfast-pacedmodernsociety,busybusiness

executivesareso______theirworkthattheyhardlyknowwhattheword

leisuremeans.

A.engrossedin

B.exemptfrom

C.skepticalof

D.extraneousto

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在一個(gè)充滿競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和快速發(fā)展的現(xiàn)代社會(huì)，繁忙的商

業(yè)執(zhí)行官太全神貫注于他們的工作而幾乎不知道“休閑”這個(gè)詞是什么意

思。beengrossedin全神貫注于。beexemptfrom免除于。beskepticalof

懷疑的。beextraneousto與…無關(guān)系。

9.Sheoftenremainscoldlyremotefromhim;probablyhisbadlyscarred

faceproducedaninvoluntaryfeelingof______inhisneighbor.

A.discordance

B.deliberation

C.perversity

D.repulsion

【答案】D

【解析】句意：她經(jīng)常與他冷淡地保持距離，也許因?yàn)樗怯袊?yán)重

傷疤的臉給他的鄰居不知不覺地造成了一種排斥感。repulsion排斥；厭

惡。discordance不調(diào)和，不和。deliberation熟思；考慮。perversity反

常。

10.Mostofusgothroughlifeadding______toknowledge,polishinga

concepthereorthere,doinganexperiment,contributingafewleaves─or,if

wearelucky,atwig─tothetreeofknowledge.

A.impartially

B.impassably

C.incrementally

D.melodiously

【答案】C

【解析】incrementally增加地。這里指“我們大多數(shù)人一生都在不斷

增加知識(shí)”。impartially公平地，無私地。impassably不能通行地。

melodiously音調(diào)優(yōu)美地。

11.Thenovelwillbereadalongtimeforitsminuteandalmostuncanny

insightintoarmylife,its______dialogue,itssheernarrativepull,its

portrayalofthetendernessthatsometimesisfoundbeneaththecrudest

animaldrives,itsabsenceofmockheroics,itscomicabsurditiesandirony

and,aboveallelse,itsrevelationoftheperversityofhumannatureintheface

ofevil.

A.pungent

B.notorious

C.anticlimactic

D.shaky

【答案】A

【解析】從句意來看，這篇小說寫的是軍隊(duì)生活的離奇荒誕之處，

用其尖銳的對(duì)話、純粹的敘述和描寫來闡釋。pungent尖銳的；嚴(yán)厲

的。notorious聲名狼藉的。anticlimactic突減的；虎頭蛇尾的。shaky不

可靠的；動(dòng)搖的。

12.______andgritaremuchmoreimportantthanintelligenceand

talent.Sothosewhowereresponsibleforcheatingwerekickedofftheteam,

eveninthefaceofoverwhelmingcriticism.

A.integrity

B.culpability

C.persistence

D.indolence

【答案】A

【解析】句意：誠實(shí)和勇氣遠(yuǎn)比智慧重要。那些弄虛作假的人將會(huì)

被開除，甚至?xí)媾R嚴(yán)厲的指責(zé)。integrity誠實(shí)，正直。culpability有罪

性，過失。indolence懶惰，懶散。

13.Bystartingtreatmentearly,andinterruptingitforbriefperiodsonce

theyhadthevirusundercontrol,allofthestudy’seightparticipantswere

ableto______theirimmuneresponses.

A.console

B.foster

C.bolster

D.decrease

【答案】C

【解析】bolster支持，增強(qiáng)。console安慰，慰藉。foster培養(yǎng)，鼓

勵(lì)。decrease減少。

14.Bothsectionsaredesignedtobetakenbyhighschoolseniors.Over

20percentofthechildrenwiththesetopscoreswerefoundtobeleft-handed

or______,twicetherateobservedamongthegeneralpopulation.

A.ambidextrous

B.ambivalent

C.ambient

D.dexterous

【答案】A

【解析】句意：獲得高分的孩子中20%以上都是左撇子或者是左右

手都能靈活運(yùn)用。ambidextrous左右手都能靈巧運(yùn)用的。ambivalent矛盾

的。ambient周圍的，四周的。dexterous敏捷的，熟練的。

15.Poorerparents,meanwhile,maybetemptedtoborrowmorethan

theyeverexpecttorepay;the______rateongovernment-backedloansis

roughly22%andboundtorise.

A.interest

B.mortality

C.default

D.velocity

【答案】C

【解析】句意：貧窮的家庭可能會(huì)借貸超出他們償還能力的數(shù)額；

由政府承擔(dān)的借貸拖欠率大約為22%，而這一比例還會(huì)上升。default拖

欠。mortality死亡率。velocity速度，速率。

16.Whichoneofthefollowingsentencesisfreefromerror?

A.Thedevelopmentofadulttrainingprogramswhichaimatimproving

theirskillsforthejobmarkethavepartlyresultedfromthewomenliberation

movement.

B.Itseemsoilisleakingfromthispipeforsometime.We’llhaveto

takethemachineaparttoputitright.

C.NosoonerOPECmadeitsstatementthatoilsupplieswouldremain

steadyandunchangedthanoilpriceswentup.

D.ThepressuretocompetecausesAmericanstobeenergetic,butitalso

putsthemunderaconstantemotionalstrain.

【答案】D

【解析】A項(xiàng)：have應(yīng)改為has；B項(xiàng)：is應(yīng)改為hasbeen；C項(xiàng)：

OPECmade應(yīng)改為hadOPECmade。

17.Whichoneofthefollowingsentencesisfreefromerror?

A.Thehourswhenthechildrenspendintheirone-wayrelationshipwith

televisionundoubtedlyaffecttheirrelationshipswithreal-lifepeople.

B.Theyexpectedthatseveralhundredguestswouldattendtheopening

ceremonybutonlydozensofpeopleactuallyshowedout.

C.Thebasicfeaturesofthecommunicationprocessareidentifiedinone

question:Whosayswhatthroughwhatchanneltowhom?

D.Intheviewofhisyouth,thepolicehavedecidednottocontinuewith

thecaseagainsthim.

【答案】C

【解析】A項(xiàng)：when應(yīng)改為that；B項(xiàng)：showedout應(yīng)改為showed

up（出席，到場(chǎng)）；D項(xiàng)：Intheviewof應(yīng)改為Inviewof。

18.Whichoneofthefollowingsentencesisgrammaticallyincorrect?

A.Thereare933millionsmokersintheworld’slowandmiddleincome

countriescomprising82percentofsmokersworldwide.

B.Themainpurposeofclassifyinganimalsistoshowthemostprobable

evolutionaryrelationshipofthedifferentspeciestoeachother.

C.In1852Massachusettspassedalawrequiringallchildrenfromfour

toeighteenyearsoldtocontendschool.

D.Onlyafterbeingaskedseveraltimesdidhetellusthestoryofhis

adventuresontheremoteisland

【答案】C

【解析】contend改為attend。attendschool上學(xué)。contend競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，主

張。

19.Whichoneofthefollowingsentencesisgrammaticallyincorrect?

A.Newborninfantsshowadistinctpreferenceforhumanvoicesover

othersoundsandalsopreferhisorherownmothers’voicesofstrangers.

B.Eachmajorstyleofarchitectureemergedbecausenewproblemsin

buildingorchallengesindesignappearedforarchitectstoresolve.

C.Hydrogen,theninthmostabundantelementintheEarth’scrust,isa

colorless,andtastelessgas.

D.AlthoughChristopherColumbusfailedinhisoriginalgoal,the

discoverieshedidmakewerethanimportantthantheroutetoAsiahe

expectedtofind.

【答案】A

【解析】hisorher改為their。先行詞是infants，所以代詞應(yīng)該用

their。

20.Whichoneofthefollowingsentencesisgrammaticallyincorrect?

A.Thedisruptivestudentsweresustainedafterschooluntiltheirparents

hadbeennotified.

B.Undertheguidanceoftheexperiencedhunter,weeasilyclimbed

downthesideofthecliff.

C.Thebodystructurethatdevelopedinbirdsovermillionsofyearsis

welldesignedforflight,beingbothlightinweightandremarkablystrong.

D.Itistheinteractionbetweenpeople,ratherthantheeventsthatoccur

intheirlivesthatisthemainfocusofsocialpsychology.

【答案】A

【解析】sustain改為detain。detain拘留，被監(jiān)禁，暫時(shí)關(guān)押。sustain

支撐，撐住，維持。

II.Readingcomprehension(40points)

Section1Multiplechoice(28points)

Scientistsstudyingtheactivityofthelivingbrainwithwidelyusednew

imagingtechniqueshavebeenmissing,someoftheearlieststepsinbrain

activitybecausethosechangesaresubtleandaremaskedbyreactionsthat

happensecondslater,Israeliscientistssay.

Theimagingtechniques-positronemissiontomographyscanningand

magneticresonanceimaging,knownasPETandfunctionalM.R.I.scans-are

usedprominentlyinstudiesofbrainactivity.Themostactivebrainareas

appeartolightuponthescansasspecifictasksareperformed.Thetwo

techniquesdonotmeasurenerve-cellactivitydirectly;theymeasuretheextra

flowofbloodthatsurgestothemostactivebrainareas.

ResearchersattheWeizmannInstituteofScienceinRehovot,Israel,

havemonitoredthesechangesinbloodflowinanesthetizedcatsbyremoving

partsoftheskullandobservinghowthenervecellsinactivatedregionsfuel

theiractivitiesbyrapidlyremovingoxygenfromnearbyredbloodcells.

Thisrapiduptakeofoxygen,madeevidentbyvisiblechangesinthe

coloroftheredcells,provesthatearlyoxygentransfergivestheseneurons

theenergytodotheirwork,theresearcherssaid.

Theyalsofoundthatsubtlechangesinbloodflowbegansignificantly

earlierthanwasdetectedbyPETandfunctionalM.R.I.scans,whichlack

sufficientresolutionanddonotformtheirimagesquicklyenoughtofollow

suchrapidchanges.Dr.AmiramGrinvaldpublishedthefindingsinthe

JournalScience.

“Theinitialeventisverylocalizedandwillbemissedifyoudon’tlook

foritsoonenoughandusethehighestpossibleresolution,”Dr.Grinvaldsaid.

“Nowpeoplearebeginningtouseourresultswithotherimagingmethods.”

Workingontheexposedbrainletsresearchersfollowelectricalactivity

andtheaccompanyingbloodflowingreaterdetailthanispossiblebyusing

indirectimagingmethodsthattrackneuralactivitythroughtheskull.

However,opportunitiesforopen-skullstudiesofhumansarelimitedtosome

kindsofneurosurgery,andresearchersmustmostlyrelyonPETand

functionalM.R.I.imagesforstudieslinkingbehaviorwithspecificbrain

activity.

Bydirectlyobservingexposedcatbrainsandinsimilarworkwithafew

humancases,Dr.Grinvaldandhisassociateshavebeenabletoobservethe

firstevidenceofelectricalactivityandotherchangesinbraincellsaftera

lighthasbeenseenoralimbmoved.

Thenewestresearchshowedthatittookthreesecondsormoreafteran

eventfortheflowofbloodtoincreasetoanareaofthebraindealingwitha

stimulus.Thatistheblood-flowincreaseusuallypicturedinbrain-function

studieswithPETorfunctionalM.R.Itechniques,theIsraeliresearchers

said.However,theinitialreactionobservedintheWeizmannresearchby

directlyimagingtheexposedbrain-thedirecttransferofoxygenfromblood

ceilstoneurons-occurredinthefirst-tenthofasecondandwaslostto

conventionalimaging,theysaid.

Thelaterincreaseinbloodflowtothearea,Dr.Grinvaldsaid,was

obviouslyanattemptbythebodytosupplymoreoxygenforbrainactivity.

Buttheincreaseinbloodwassoabundantthatitcoveredanareamuchlarger

thantheregiondirectlyinvolvedintheactivitybeingstudied,maskingsome

ofthesubtlechanges,hesaid.

Thebody’sreaction,theresearcherssaidinthepaper,waslike

“wateringtheentiregardenforthesakeofonethirstyflower.”

Dr.KamilUgurbil,saidthattheIsraeliresearchprovidedcluesthat

allowedtheuseoffunctionalM.R.I.scanstopictureearliereventsinthe

activityofbraincells.

“Dr.Grinvald’sobservationsareveryimportant,andtheyhave

significantimplicationsforfunctionalimagingwithhighresolution,”Dr.

Ugurbilsaidinaninterview.“Wehaveactuallybeenabletolookattheearly

changeswithmagneticresonanceimaging,butyouneedtousehigher

magneticfieldstoseethemclearlybecausetheyaresmalleffects.”

Bytimingtheirimagesmorecarefullyandbyusingstrongermagnetic

fieldsthannormal,hesaid,researchershaveusedDr.Grinvald’sfindingsto

studyearlyneuronalresponsestostimuliatsmaller,morespecificsitesinthe

brain.

21.Accordingtothepassage,scientistscan’tobservesomeofthe

earlieststepsinbrainactivitybecause______.

A.thosechangesaresubtleandmaskedbysomereactions

B.subtlechangesinbloodflowbeganearlier

C.theimagingtechniquesareoutofplace

D.theflowofbloodtoincreasetoanareaofthebrainisslow

22.Theword“resolution”underlinedinParagraph5probablymeans

______.

A.afirmdecision

B.theprocessofbreakingupintoparts

C.anactofresolving

D.thepowerofascientificinstrumenttogiveaclearpictureofthings

23.What’stheadvantageofstudyingexposedbrain?

A.Itcanhelpcapturetheearliesteventsofthebrain.

B.Itcanhelpresearchersusethehighestpossibleresolutiontoobserve

theevents.

C.Itcanhelpresearchersfindtheindirectimagingmethodsthattrack

neuralactivitythroughtheskull.

D.Itletsresearchersstudytheelectricalactivityandthebloodflowin

detail.

24.TheresearchdonebyIsraeliresearchersshowsthattheinitial

reaction-thedirecttransferofoxygenfrombloodcellstoneurons-______.

A.occurredinthetenthofasecond

B.occurredafterthefirst-tenthofasecond

C.couldnotbeobservedbyconventionalimaging

D.couldbeobservedbyconventionalimaging

25.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.Theincreaseinbloodmaskedsomeofthesubtlechanges.

B.Ittookthreesecondsafteraneventfortheflowofbloodtoincrease

toanareaofthebrain.

C.Thebody’sreactionwaslikewateringtheentiregardenforthesake

ofonethirstyflower.

D.Researcherswillusenewmethodstostudyhumanbrainsbecauseof

thelimitofconventionalimagingtechniques.

26.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasthetitleofthepassage?

A.StudyofHumanBrains

B.ImagingTechniques

C.ContributionofIsraeliResearchers

D.Fine-tuningImagingofBrainActivity

27.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat______.

A.experimentsaremoreorlesssignificantforresearchesconcerned

B.thesuccessfulexperimentsresultfromperfectscientificmeans

C.humancasesaremoreeffectiveinobservingthebrainactivity

D.theresultofscientificresearchshouldbesetasideforaperiodof

timebeforeit’sapplied

【答案與解析】

21.A細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第一段提到“Scientists…h(huán)avebeenmissingsome

oftheearlieststepsinbrainactivitybecausethosechangesaresubtleandare

maskedbyreactionsthathappensecondslater…”，其中havebeenmissing

對(duì)應(yīng)題干中的can’tobserve，由此可知選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。

22.D語義題?！皉esolution”所在非限制性定語從句修飾的是PETand

functionalM.R.I.scans兩種成像技術(shù)，該定語從句前指出“他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)血

流中微妙變化的出現(xiàn)顯然早于PET和功能性MRL掃描的探測(cè)”，由此可

知該定語從句指“這兩種成像技術(shù)缺乏足夠的分辨率且無法迅速成像來

跟蹤(血流中)如此快的變化”。故選項(xiàng)D“科學(xué)儀器顯示出清晰圖案的功

能”。此外,which引導(dǎo)的定語從句中由and連接的兩個(gè)部分句意一致，故

選D。

23.D細(xì)節(jié)題。第七段第一句指出“Workingontheexposedbrainlets

researchersfollowelectricalactivityandtheaccompanyingbloodflowin

greaterdetail”（在打開的大腦上工作(觀察)使研究者們更好地觀察電流

及伴隨的大量血流的活動(dòng)），由此可知選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。

24.C細(xì)節(jié)題。第九段主要講述以色列研究者的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，該段最

后一句提到Weizmann研究中通過對(duì)暴露的大腦直接成像所觀察到的初

始反應(yīng)時(shí)指出，“theinitialreaction…waslosttoconventional

imaging”（初始反應(yīng)是常規(guī)成像會(huì)錯(cuò)過的），也就是說通過常規(guī)成像觀

察不到初始反應(yīng)，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

25.D是非題，可采用排除法。選項(xiàng)A在第十段最后一句提到“But

theincreaseinbloodwassoabundantthatitcovered…maskingsomeofthe

subtlechanges”，對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)A的內(nèi)容。第九段第一句提到“ittookthree

secondsormoreafteraneventfortheflowofbloodtoincreasetoanareaof

thebraindealingwithastimulus”，和選項(xiàng)B表達(dá)內(nèi)容相符。選項(xiàng)C在第十

一段提到。只有選項(xiàng)D的內(nèi)容在文中沒有體現(xiàn)。因此答案為D。

26.D主旨題。本文多次提到brainactivity，并且討論了通過成像技

術(shù)等對(duì)大腦活動(dòng)進(jìn)行研究，由此可知選項(xiàng)D（大腦活動(dòng)的微調(diào)成像）符

合文章主旨，可作為題目。

27.A推斷題。文章中第七段和第八段分別提到“在打開的大腦上進(jìn)

行研究可使研究者更好地觀察電流及伴隨的大量血流的活動(dòng)”，和“直接

觀察裸露的貓腦和幾例人腦使研究者可以觀察到腦細(xì)胞中電流活動(dòng)和其

他變化的最初跡象”，由此可知科學(xué)家們?cè)谶M(jìn)行研究時(shí)作的一些實(shí)驗(yàn)(如

對(duì)貓和一些人腦)，對(duì)相關(guān)研究起著舉足輕重的作用，因此選項(xiàng)A為正確

答案。

Section2Answeringquestions(12points)

Weallenvythebirds’suprememobility.Thesegracefulflierscan

transportthemselveswherevertheywant,whenevertheywant.Nowaitingin

linetoboardanairplane,nowastedhoursonacrowdedfreewayormissing

thelastbus.Withaflapoftheirwingstheyareoffandaway.Morethan

anythingelse,thefeatherisresponsibleforthefactthatbirdsofcanfly.

Flightitselfisuniqueamonganimals--mostinsectsflyandonefamilyof

mammals,thebats,hasdevelopedtrueflight.Butthefeatherisuniqueand

hasenabledbirdstobecomeunquestionablythemostefficientaeronautsof

all.

Thefeatherisamarvelofengineering.Itisatonceextremelylightand

structurallystrongItismuchmoreversatilethanthestretchedskinonwhich

abatsupportsitselfinflightortherigidstructureofanairmail’swing,and

thefeatherisfarmorereadilyrepairedonreplacedwhendamaged.Flight

feathersarethestiffquillsfoundonwingsandtails.Thewebsareofunequal

width,withthebroaderpartfarmingthetrailingedge.

Theshapeofabird'sswingisbeautifullyadaptedforflight,thickand

bluntalongtheleadingedge,narrowerandmorebladelikeonthetrailing

edge.Itisconstructedonsoundaerodynamicprinciples.Nowonlyisit

streamlinedtocutthroughtheairwithlittledrag,butitisalsocurvedto

producelift,theforcethatkeepsbirdsaloft.Airflowingpasttheleadingedge

andovertheconvexuppersurfaceofthewingsspeedsupandtendstopull

away,thuscreatingadropinpressure,whilepressureontheconcave

undersurfaceremainsfairlyconstant.

Birdsflaptheirwingswithpowerfulflightmuscles,which,touse

automotiveterms,comeintwomodels:onedesignedtoprovideexplosive

burstsofspeedforshortdistances,andanothergearedforenduranceonlong

hauls.Thebobwhitequail,agroundbird,likeachicken,haswhiteflight

muscles,quicktocontractbutmeagerlysuppliedwithbloodvesselstocarry

oxygenandotherfueltothefibersThusthey'reincapableofsustainedaction.

Bycontrast,strongfliersliketheegret,wildducks,geese,andother

migratorshaveredflightmuscles,plentifullysuppliedwithbloodvesselsand

notreadilytired.Drivingthewings,thesemusclesgenerategreatheatand

speedupthebody'smetabolism.

Fromtheinsideout,theskeletonsofhindsarenaturalmarvelsofflight

engineeringandstructure.Theycombinelightnesswithstrength,andinall

theirparts,frombeautifullyfollowsfunction.Inal1birdsthatfly,the

breastbone,thoughextremelythinandlight,hasadeepkeel,whichnotonly

makesitrigid,but,moreimportantly,providesalargesurfaceforattachment

ofthepowerfulflightmuscles.Manybonesfoundinotherhighervertebrates

aremissinginthebirds,havingbeendiscardedintheevolutionaryprocessof

lighteningtheload;others,normallyjointed,arefusedforstress--resistance

andforfurtherlightness.Mostbirdbonesarehollowandsomeoftheseare

trussedinsidetomakethemstrongerwhilepreservingtheirflexibility.The

skeletonofathree-to-fourpoundfrigatebirdwithaseven-footwingspread

mayweighaslittleasfourounceslessthantheweightofthebird’sfeathers.

Superbeyesightisanotheroftheprerequisitesofflight.Certainlyno

otherlivingthingscanmatchthevisualacuityofbirds.Avulturesoaringa

mileabovetheearthpatientlylookingforcarrion,ahawkcruisingovera

meadowinsearchofamouse,awarblergleaninginsecteggsunderthe

leaves,oralooninpursuitofitsunderwaterprey--allareendowedwith

extraordinaryvisionfarshaperthanours.

28.Whatuniquefeatureisresponsibleforbirds’flight?

29.Wheredoesthepowerthatmakesabirdupintheaircomefrom?

30.Pleaseexplainthedifferencebetweenbobwhitequail’swhiteflight

musclesandtheegret’sredflightmuscles,

31.Pleaslistfourotherfeaturesofthebirdthatmakeitsuitablefor

flight.

【答案與解析】

28.Thefeatherisuniqueandresponsibleforthefactthatbirdscanfly.

(題目問的是：什么獨(dú)特的特征決定了鳥類的飛行？短文第一段中

提到“Morethananythingelse,thefeatherisresponsibleforthefactthat

birdsofcanfly”，由此可知這個(gè)獨(dú)特的特征是羽毛。)

29.Notonlyistheshapeofabird'sswingstreamlinedtocutthroughthe

airwithlittledrag,butitisalsocurvedtoproducelift,theforcethatkeeps

birdsaloft.

(題目問的是：鳥類飛向空中的力量來自哪里，文中第三段提

到“Nowonlyisitstreamlinedtocutthroughtheairwithlittledrag,butitis

alsocurvedtoproducelift,theforcethatkeepsbirdsaloft”，即鳥類不僅通

過流線型的體態(tài)來減少空氣阻力，而且通過曲線飛行來產(chǎn)生升力，這股

力量使鳥兒向上飛。)

30.Thebobwhitequail'swhiteflightmusclesaremeagerlysupplied

withbleedvessels.Thusthey'reincapableofsustainedaction.Theegret'sred

flightmusclesareplentifullysuppliedwithbleedvesselsandnotreadily

tired.

(題目要求解釋鵪鶉的白色飛行肌肉與白鷺的紅色飛行的肌肉的區(qū)

別。第四段中提到“Thebobwhitequail,…h(huán)aswhiteflightmuscles,quickto

contractbutmeagerlysuppliedwithbloodvesselsto…Thusthey're

incapableofsustainedaction”，第五段提到“strongfliersliketheegret…

haveredflightmuscles,plentifullysuppliedwithbloodvesselsandnot

readilytired”，由此可知兩者的區(qū)別。)

31.Itsshapeofswingthatisbeautifullyadaptedforflight;itsskeleton

thatislight,butstrong;itsmuscles,thatarepowerful,butnotaburden;its

eyesthatcanseebetterthananyoftheotheranimalspecies

(本題要求列出可以使鳥類持續(xù)飛行的四個(gè)特征。考查短文的綜合

理解，四個(gè)特征應(yīng)該是形狀優(yōu)美適合飛行的翅膀，輕巧的骨架，充滿力

量的肌肉以及銳利的雙眼。)

III.Writing(30points)

Readthefollowingquoteandwriteanargumentationofabut400words

onthetruereader.

“Ignorantofthedailynews,thoughversedinthecataloguesofthesecond

handbooksellers,inwhosedarkpremiseshespendsthehoursofsunlight...

thetruereaderisessentiallyyoung...heisopenmindedandcommunicative,

towhomreadingismoreofthenatureofbriskexerciseintheopenairthan

ofshelteredstudy;hetrudgesthehighroad.”

byVirginiaWoolf,Britishwriter

【參考范文】

Allthewisdomsthathavedelightedandenlightenedhumanbeingsfor

centuriesareeasilyavailablet