非謂語動詞(二)-動名詞

PAGEPAGE4非謂語動詞（二）——動名詞【基本概念】1.現(xiàn)行高中教材中將動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞統(tǒng)稱為-ing形式。這樣處理英語傳統(tǒng)語法項目的初衷是簡化語法術語、淡化語法概念，讓學生更多地通過語感掌握其用法。然而，在教學實踐中卻遇到了另外一些不好解決的問題。其一，取消了“現(xiàn)在分詞”的概念之后，增加了“現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別”這一關鍵知識的教學難度：其二，混淆動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的概念使得屬于動名詞范圍的一些細節(jié)問題的教學不容易開展，如動名詞做賓語的問題、分詞和動名詞的邏輯主語問題等。現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞都可以做定語和表語，概念卻有所不同。遇到這些問題完全可以采取淡化或者回避的辦法，就如同我們很少強調(diào)形容詞做定語、表語同名詞做定語、表語的區(qū)別一樣。學生能夠領悟其中的區(qū)別更好，不能理解也無關緊要。2.動名詞在書寫形式上同現(xiàn)在分詞相同，但語法概念和語法功能各異。動名詞具有名詞的語法作用，在句子中主要充當主語和賓語。例1：動名詞做主語Usingbodylanguageinacorrectwaywillhelpcommunicatewithpeopleandmakethestayinaforeigncountryeasyandcomfortable.(P.16,SeniorBook2A)Checkinginformationisveryimportant.(P.20,SeniorBook2A)Doingthiscansavealotoftimeandmoney.(P.20,SeniorBook2A)Learningnewwordsandusefulexpressionsisveryimportantforme.(P.22,SeniorBook2A)例2：動名詞做賓語Afterashortwhilehestarteddirectingfilmshimself.(P.26,SeniorBook2A)Disneystoppeddrawingandwatchedthemouse.(P.2,SeniorBook2A)例3：動名詞做介詞的賓語Scoresofpeoplewentthereinthefirstfewdaysafteritsopening.(P.3,SeniorBook1B)after在句中為介詞，動名詞opening做介詞的賓語，形容詞性物主代詞its是動名詞的邏輯主語。Themoneyspentoneducatingablackchildwasjustonefourthofthatspentoneachwhitechild.(P.38,SeniorBook2)Iwaspleasedthatthemanagerhaddecidednottobeangrywithmeforhavingbeensorude.(P.35,SeniorBook2B)havingbeen是動名詞being的完成式，做介詞for的賓語。【關鍵知識】動名詞一章的關鍵知識是動名詞做賓語同不定式做賓語的區(qū)別。這種區(qū)別根據(jù)“約定俗成”的原則成為語法規(guī)則，因此沒有過多的道理可講。牢牢記住這些規(guī)則，在語言實踐中能夠熟練地運用，便是最好的學習方法。1.下列動詞只能用動名詞做賓語，不能用不定式：suggest,finish,enjoy,practise,miss,avoid,require,delay,excuse,pardon,consider,deny,escape,can’thelp,risk等。Besides,Ienjoylearningaboutnewthingsfrompoliticstosportsandmusic.(P.22,SeniorBook2A)Thenforaperiodofseveralweekswepractisedoingtheplay.(P.25,SeniorBook2A)2.一些動詞后用動名詞做賓語和用不定式做賓語意思不同。①remember,forget,regret后用動名詞做賓語表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生過了的動作；用不定式做賓語表示將要發(fā)生或尚未發(fā)生的動作。remembertodo表示記住要去做某事；rememberdoing表示記得曾經(jīng)做過某事。regretdoing表示后悔做了某事；regrettosay(tell)表示遺憾地說（告訴）。Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Oh,Iforgot______.(1991年全國高考試題)A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff答案為C。句子的意思是“我剛才忘記了關燈”，“關燈”的動作沒有發(fā)生。Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.Well,nowIregret______that.（1995年全國高考試題）A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone答案為D。havingdone是動名詞doing的完成式，表示該動作先于謂語動作，句子的意思是“后悔在會議上提出反對意見”。②trytodo表示“設法做”（克服困難、障礙努力做）；trydoing表示“試著做”（對結(jié)果沒有把握，嘗試去做，看看是否可以）。Thelittletimewehavetogetherwetry______wisely.(上海市1995年高考試題)A.spendingitB.tospenditC.tospendD.spendingthatthelittletimewehavetogether是spend的賓語，前置以示強調(diào)。正確的答案為C。③like(love)todo表示具體的一次性動作；like(love)doing表示傾向性的動作。LittleTomshouldlove______tothetheatrethisevening.（1992年全國高考試題）A.tobetakenB.totake語形式，必須使用動名詞。lookforwardto盼望、預期be(get)usedto習慣于objectto反對devote…to獻身于、專心于getdownto認真著手進行、認真處理Theyhavejustcomeheretogetdowntorepairingtheroad.Wearelookingforwardtohearingfromyou.Doyouobjecttomyclosingthewindow?【高考及各地模擬試題選編】1.Ourmonitorsuggested______adiscussionofthissubject.(1985年MET廣州試題)A.tohaveB.shouldC.haveD.having2.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed______.（1987年MET廣州試題）A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch3.______arrivingatthespot,thepolicegotdownto______photos.（2000年鄭州市高三第三次質(zhì)量檢測試題）A.As;takeB.As;takingC.On;takeD.On;taking4.Idon’tthinkanybodylikes______likethat..（2000年廣州高三綜合練習二）A.treatedB.beingtreatedC.totreatD.tohavetreated5.Thesefarmers______theirincomeby______silkworms,chicken,ducksandsoon.（2000年遼寧重點中學高考模擬試題）A.raised;raisingB.increased;increasingC.increased;risingD.increased;raising6.Youmustbelookingforwardasmuchtohisreturnashehimselfisto______you.（2000年哈爾濱市高考復習驗收二）A.seeingB.seeC.havingseenD.haveseen7.Carlisveryhomesick.Ihope______hisbrotherherewillmakehimhappier.（同上）A.haveB.himtohaveC.hehasD.having8.______alloverthehillsandaroundthelakearewildflowersofdifferentcolours.（2000年杭州市教學質(zhì)量檢測試題二）A.GrowB.GrowingC.GrownD.Grew9.Everyminuteismadefulluseof______ourlessons.A.tostudyB.studyingC.studiedD.beingstudied10.JiangZemin,______,saidthatChinaislookingforwardto______.（2000年西安高考分卷練習試題）ChinesetopPartyleader;improveB.China’stopPartyleader;improvingC.China’stopPartyleader;improvementD.thetopChinesePartyleader;improving11.______yourbusinessbecomesinternational,______constantlywillbepartofyourlife.(2000年沈、大、哈、長高三聯(lián)合測試題)A.For;flyingB.Since;flightC.Nowthat;flightD.Once;flying12.YoucanneverimaginewhatgreatdifficultyIhave______yourhouse.（2000年北京市西城區(qū)高三抽樣試題一）A.foundB.findingC.tofindD.forfinding13.Itmaybehelpfultokeepalistofallthejobsthatneed______.（2000年武漢部分學校高三調(diào)研測試題）A.doingB.todoC.youdoD.youtodo14.Atsixo’clockintheevening,whenacarranthroughatruckitnarrowlyescaped______over.（2001年北京市崇文區(qū)高三統(tǒng)練試題一）A.runningB.toberunC.fromrunningD.beingrun15.Whatterribleweather!Isimplycan’tgetthecar______.Whynottry______theenginewithhotwater?（2001年北京市朝陽高三綜合練習三）A.starting;tofillB.start;fillingC.started;tofillD.tostart;filling16.Themotheraskedherdaughternottodelay______thepaper.（2001年北京市宣武區(qū)高三質(zhì)量檢測試題）A.handinginB.tohandinC.handinD.havinghandedin17.WhathasmadeTommysoupset?Ibelieve______thegame.Itshockedhimsomuch.（2001廣州高中畢業(yè)班綜合測試一）A.forlosingB.lostC.losingD.becauseoflosing18.Fishingishisfavoritehobby,and______.（2001年上海市高考試題）he’dliketocollectcoinsaswellhefeelslikecollectingcoins,tootocollectcoinsisalsohishobbyCollectingcoinsalsogiveshimgreatpleasure19.Whichdoyouenjoy______yourweekends,fishingorwatchingTV?（2001年天津市高中質(zhì)量調(diào)查試題）A.spendingB.tospendC.beingspendD.spend20.Iknockedatyourdoor,butnobodyanswered.=Youshould______thedoordell.A.tryingtouchingB.trytotouchC.havetriedtouchingD.havetriedtotouch21.Ihate______theircomplaintsallday.OneofthesedaysI’lltellthemwhatIreallythink.（2001年南京市高三質(zhì)量檢測二）A.payingattentiontoB.totalkaboutC.listeningtoD.tohaveheard22.Isyourbrothergoingcamping?He’ssignedupbuthe’sconsidering______.（2001年合肥高三抽樣試題）A.nottogoB.notgoingC.won’tgoD.notgo23.Hedidn’tseemtomind______TVwhilehewastryingtostudy.（2002年北京市東城區(qū)總復習一）A.themtowatchB.thattheywatchC.theirwatchingD.watching24.HowdidyougetintouchwithMr.Bon?Well,itseemstomethatyou‘veforgotten______me.(2002年北京市朝陽區(qū)高三統(tǒng)練一)A.totellB.tohavetoldC.tellingD.beingtelling25.Herrydoesn’tseemlikethesameperson.______somuchinthewarhasmadehimmorethoughtful.（2002年北京市宣武區(qū)高三質(zhì)量檢測一）A.ForhimtoseeB.HisseeingC.HavingseenD.Tohaveseen26.Hehasgotusedto______toeverythinghimself.(2002年天津市高中質(zhì)量調(diào)查試題)A.leadingB.seeingC.stickingD.referring27.______tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.（2002年上海市高考試題）A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed28.Doyouremember______toDr.Greenduringyourlastvisit?CertainlyIdo.（2002年鄭州高中畢業(yè)班質(zhì)量預測三）A.tobeintroducedB.havingintroducedC.beingintroducedD.tohavebeenintroduce29.Wind______electricitywidelyinmanypartsoftheworld.（2002年廣州市高三綜合測試二）A.isusedtoproduceB.isusedtoproducingC.usedtoproduceD.usedtoproducing30.Itwas______computergamesthatcosttheboyalotoftimethatheoughttohavespentonhislessons.（2002年福建達標中學高中畢業(yè)班質(zhì)量檢測試題）A.tohaveplayedB.playingC.played