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UNIT6

EarthfirstSectionA

Startingout&UnderstandingideasSectionC

Developingideas,Presentingideas&ReflectionSectionB

Usinglanguage核心詞匯詞匯一referto提到,談到;查閱,參考;涉及,關(guān)于◆教材原句Whatenvironmentalproblemdoeseachcartoonreferto?每幅漫畫(huà)都提到了什么環(huán)境問(wèn)題?◆要點(diǎn)必記(1)refertothedictionary查字典 refertoyournotes參考一下你的筆記refersth.tosb.把……提交給……

refertosb./sth.as...稱(chēng)某人/某物是……;認(rèn)為某人/某物是……(2)forfuturereference供日后參考 ◆單詞積累referencen.參考;推薦題組練·領(lǐng)悟方法單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Whodoyouthinktheteacherisreferring

?(2)Thescientistreferredtothediscovery

themostexcitingnewdevelopmentinthisfield.(3)Writedownthephonenumberofthatrestaurantforfuture

(refer).單句寫(xiě)作(4)Somescientificstoriesthisbook

(提及)havecometruenow. (5)Whenreading,you’dbetteravoid

(查閱字典)toooften.(6)Coal

(通常被稱(chēng)作)afossilfuel.toasreferencereferstoreferringtoyourdictionaryisusuallyreferredtoas詞匯二scarev.使(某人)驚恐,嚇唬 ◆教材原句Peoplehavealwaysbeenscaredofsharks,butJawsmadethingsworse.人們一直害怕鯊魚(yú),但《大白鯊》讓事情變得更糟?!粢c(diǎn)必記(1)Itscaressb.todosth.做某事使某人感到害怕。scare...away/off把……嚇跑

scaresb.intodoingsth.威脅/恐嚇某人做某事scaresb.todeath把某人嚇得要死(2)scaredadj.害怕的,恐懼的,擔(dān)心的bescaredofdoingsth.害怕做某事 bescaredofsth.害怕某物bescaredtodosth.害怕做某事 bescaredthat...害怕…… 單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Itscaredme

(think)Itookashipaloneontheroughsea.(2)Whenwearegettingexcited,angryor

(scare),ourbodiesalsogothroughmanyphysicalchanges.(3)Theresearchershadtomakeafireattheedgeoftheforesttoscare

wildanimalsatnight.單句寫(xiě)作(4)Manycustomershavebeen

(被嚇得購(gòu)買(mǎi))organicfood.(5)She________________________________________(害怕進(jìn)入)theyardbecauseshe________________________________

________(害怕被咬)bythebigdoglyingatthegate.tothinkscaredaway/offscaredintobuyingwasscaredtogointowasscaredofbeingbitten詞匯三cutoff(1)切掉;砍掉;剪掉(2)停止,中斷(供給)

(3)使……與外界隔絕◆教材原句Finningisatypeoffishingwheresharksarecaughtandtheirfinscutoff.割鰭是一種捕魚(yú)方式,在這種捕魚(yú)方式中,鯊魚(yú)被捕獲后,它們的鰭被割掉。◆要點(diǎn)必記cutoffone’slonghair剪掉某人的長(zhǎng)發(fā) cutthefatoffthemeat把這塊肉上的肥肉切掉cutoffthegas/electricity/water切斷煤氣供應(yīng)/斷電/斷水◆歸納拓展cutdown砍倒;減少,縮減 cutaway去掉;切掉;砍掉 cutout裁剪;刪去

cutup切碎,剁碎 cutin插嘴,打斷別人說(shuō)話 cutacross抄近路穿過(guò)cutthrough開(kāi)辟(通道) 單句寫(xiě)作(1)Thearmy

(失去了聯(lián)絡(luò))fromitsbase.(2)Busywithhisproject,hefelt________________________________________(與外界隔絕了).單句語(yǔ)法填空(3)Afterhiswifedied,hecuthimself

completelyfromtherestoftheworld.(4)Charliecuts

theleathertopoftheshoeandsharestheshoewiththeotherfellow.(5)Shealwaysfocusedonwhatherfriendsaidandseldomcut

.(6)Don’tcut

thetreethatgivesyoushade.(7)Wecangainsometimeifwecut

thisfield.wascutoff

cutofffromtheoutsideoff

off

in

down

across

詞匯四target(1)v.把……作為目標(biāo)(2)n.

目標(biāo);對(duì)象;靶子

◆教材原句“Sharksdon’ttargethumans,”hesaid.“鯊魚(yú)不以人類(lèi)為目標(biāo),”他說(shuō)。 ◆要點(diǎn)必記betargetedat以……為目標(biāo)aimatatarget瞄準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)setyourselftargets給你自己制定目標(biāo)hit/missthetarget中/脫靶meet/achieve/reachatarget完成/達(dá)到目標(biāo)becomethetargetfor/ofalotofcriticism成了眾矢之的 單句寫(xiě)作(1)Thecampaign

clearly

(以……為目標(biāo))theyoung. (2)Onlybyworkinghard

(你能實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)).(3)Theplandoesn’tsoundverypractical.Itisboundto___________________________(成為……的對(duì)象)theattack.(4)

(給你自己制定目標(biāo))thatyoucanreasonablyhopetoachieve.is

targetedat

canyoureach/meet/achieveyourtargetbecomethetargetof/forSetyourselftargets 詞匯五fortunatelyadv.幸運(yùn)地 ◆教材原句Fortunately,noteveryonewhowatchedthefilmJawsbecameafraidofsharks...幸運(yùn)的是,并不是所有看過(guò)電影《大白鯊》的人都害怕鯊魚(yú)……◆要點(diǎn)必記(1)fortunatelyforsb.某人很幸運(yùn)(作狀語(yǔ))(2)makeafortune發(fā)大財(cái)(3)befortunatetodosth.幸運(yùn)地做某事◆單詞積累fortunen.運(yùn)氣;財(cái)富 fortunateadj.幸運(yùn)的

unfortunateadj.不幸的 unfortunatelyadv.不幸地 單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)

(fortunate),aftersixyears’hardwork,hefoundedhisowncompany.(2)Twomiddle-agedpassengersfellintothesea.

(fortunate),neitherofthemcouldswim.(3)HewenttoAustraliaandsoonmade

fortune.單句寫(xiě)作(4)I

(很幸運(yùn)找到一份工作)thatIlove.FortunatelyUnfortunatelyaamfortunatetofindajob詞匯六extinctionn.滅絕,絕種

◆教材原句Today,aswelearnmoreaboutsharks,morepeoplethaneverwanttoprotectthemfromextinction.今天,隨著我們對(duì)鯊魚(yú)了解得越來(lái)越多,越來(lái)越多的人想要保護(hù)它們免于滅絕?!粢c(diǎn)必記beclosetoextinction瀕臨滅絕protect...fromextinction保護(hù)……免于滅絕leadtotheextinctionofmanyanimals導(dǎo)致許多動(dòng)物的滅絕◆單詞積累extinctadj.已滅絕的 單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Inbrief,the

(extinct)ofthedinosaursoccurredlongbeforehumanscameintobeing.單句寫(xiě)作(2)AccordingtoJack,itisglobalwarmingthatleadsto_________________________________________(許多動(dòng)物的滅絕).(3)Conservationistsaretryingto__________________________________________(保護(hù)鯨類(lèi)以防止其滅絕).(4)Thespecies__________________________________(瀕臨滅絕).extinctiontheextinctionofmanyanimalspreservethewhalefromextinctionisclosetoextinction詞匯七attituden.(尤指通過(guò)行為表現(xiàn)出的對(duì)某事的一般)看法,態(tài)度

◆教材原句...showinghowattitudestowardssharkshavechanged...……展示人們對(duì)鯊魚(yú)的態(tài)度是如何變化的……◆要點(diǎn)必記anattitudeto/towards對(duì)……的態(tài)度have/takeagood/bad/positive/negativeattitudeto/towards對(duì)……持好的/壞的/肯定的/否定的態(tài)度anattitudeofmind心態(tài)問(wèn)題changeone’sattitude改變某人的態(tài)度◆一言助記Asthesayinggoes,attitudedeterminesaltitude.Nothingistoodifficultifyousetyourmindtoit.俗話說(shuō),態(tài)度決定高度。世上無(wú)難事,只怕有心人。

單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Onlywhenyoutakeapositiveattitude

theprojectwillyouenjoythewholeprocess.單句寫(xiě)作(2)Idislikehimbecausehealways__________________________________________(對(duì)……有不好的態(tài)度)thepeoplearoundhim. (3)People________________________________________________(對(duì)生活有積極態(tài)度的)aremorelikelytosucceed.(4)Ifyouwanttopassyourexamsyou’dbetter

(改變你態(tài)度的)!changeyourattitudehasabadattitudeto/towardswithapositiveattitudetowardslifeto/towards重點(diǎn)句式句式一as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句◆教材原句Today,aswelearnmoreaboutsharks,morepeoplethaneverwanttoprotectthemfromextinction.今天,隨著我們對(duì)鯊魚(yú)了解得越來(lái)越多,越來(lái)越多的人想要保護(hù)它們免于滅絕?!艟浞ǚ治鯽s表示“隨著”,在句中引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句?!粢c(diǎn)必記as的含義及引導(dǎo)的從句:(1)當(dāng)……時(shí),隨著(引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)

(2)由于,因?yàn)椋ㄒ龑?dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句)(3)正如……,依照……(引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句)

(4)盡管,雖然,即使(引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)(5)和……一樣……(as...as比較狀語(yǔ)從句)(6)as作關(guān)系代詞(引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句) 判斷as引導(dǎo)的是什么從句(1)Asitwasgettinglate,Iturnedaroundtostartforhome.

_______(2)[2017·浙江11月卷]Asyoumakereadingaregularpartofyourlife,you’llunderstandthetextbetter.

_______(3)WheninRome,doasRomansdo.

_______(4)Asisknowntous,Nanjingisafamouscityforherlonghistory.

_______(5)[2018·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷]AsIlookedathisface,somethingoccurredtome.

_______

(6)[2012·陜西卷]Hotasthenightairwas,wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney. _______(7)That’snotassimpleasitsounds.

_______原因狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句方式狀語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句比較狀語(yǔ)從句UNIT6

EarthfirstSectionB

Usinglanguage核心詞匯詞匯一devotev.致力,獻(xiàn)身,傾注◆教材原句N(xiāo)ow,sheisamodelandperformanceartistdevotedtooceanconservation.現(xiàn)在,她是一名致力于海洋保護(hù)的模特和行為藝術(shù)家?!粢c(diǎn)必記(1)devoteoneselfto=bedevotedto獻(xiàn)身于,致力于devoteone’slife/time/energy/attentionto把某人的生命/時(shí)間/精力/注意力奉獻(xiàn)于……(2)bedevotedtosb.深?lèi)?ài)某人 bedevotedto(doing)sth.致力于(做)某事 ◆單詞積累devotedadj.摯愛(ài)的;忠實(shí)的;致力于……的 devotionn.摯愛(ài);奉獻(xiàn) 題組練·領(lǐng)悟方法單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)QianXuesendevotedhimselfentirely

science.(2)Asweallknow,heisagenerous,

(devote),reliableandwarm-heartedfriend.(3)MrReedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto

(set)upsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.(4)Agreatpersonissomeonewhodevoteshis/herlifeto

(help)others.(5)Fanswillshowtheir

(devote)bywaitingforhourstogetticketsfortheirfavouritesinger’sconcert. 單句寫(xiě)作(6)Youwillneverachievesuccessunlessyou_____________(致力于)yourwork.(7)Hewasdeterminedto

______________

______________

_____________________(將自己的余生獻(xiàn)給)folkmusic.todevotedsettinghelpingdevotionaredevotedtodevotetherestofhislifetodevoteyourselfto詞匯二presentationn.報(bào)告,(觀點(diǎn)的)陳述,說(shuō)明;表演;展示;頒發(fā)

◆教材原句...Hannahtravelstheworldgivingpresentationsandtalks...……漢娜周游世界作報(bào)告和演講……◆要點(diǎn)必記(1)make/giveashortpresentation作一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短介紹thepresentationceremony頒獎(jiǎng)儀式(2)atpresent目前,現(xiàn)在bepresentatthemeeting出席會(huì)議presentsb.withsth.贈(zèng)予某人某物◆單詞積累presentvt.提出;出現(xiàn);介紹;贈(zèng)送adj.目前的;現(xiàn)在的;出席的

n.現(xiàn)在;禮物◆誤區(qū)警示presentadj.現(xiàn)在的,當(dāng)前的(前置定語(yǔ))presentadj.出席的,到場(chǎng)的(后置定語(yǔ))thepresentgovernmentleaders現(xiàn)任政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人thegovernmentleaderspresent在場(chǎng)的政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人 單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)The

(present)ofprizesbeganafterthespeeches.(2)TheMayorwillmakethe

(present)herself.(3)TheMayorwillpersonallypresentthegoldmedal

thewinningathletesatthesportsmeeting.寫(xiě)出下列句中present的含義(4)Thereweretwentypeopleinallpresentatthemeeting. ______________(5)Iwillbuyapresentformymother’sbirthday.

______________(6)Mypresentjobistotakecareoftheoldinanurseryhome.

______________(7)Allofthemtrytousethepoweroftheworkstationtopresentinformationinamoreeffectiveway. ______________

(8)Theheadmasterpresentedherwithagoldmedal.

______________presentationpresentationto出席的,到場(chǎng)的禮物目前的,現(xiàn)在的呈現(xiàn)頒發(fā)詞匯三reserve(1)n.(野生生物)保護(hù)區(qū);儲(chǔ)藏(量)

(2)vt.預(yù)訂;預(yù)留;保留

◆教材原句HellofromSanjiangyuanNationalNatureReserve(SNNR).你好,這里是三江源國(guó)家自然保護(hù)區(qū)?!粢c(diǎn)必記(1)inreserve儲(chǔ)備,備用

keepsomemoneyinreserve存錢(qián)備用anaturereserve自然保護(hù)區(qū)awildlifereserve野生動(dòng)植物保護(hù)區(qū)(2)reservesth.forsb./sth.為……預(yù)訂/保留某物reserveone’sjudgement/opinion(onsth.)保留某人(對(duì)某事)的看法 單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Adoubleroomwithabalconyhasbeenreserved

him.(2)“It’ssuchaniceplace.”Mothersaidasshesatatthetable

(reserve)forcustomers.單句寫(xiě)作(3)Keepafewpounds

(備用)tocoverunexpectedcosts.(4)I’dpreferto

(保留我的看法)untilIfindalltheevidence.(5)Theseseats

(為……保留)specialguests.forreservedinreservereservemyjudgementarereservedfor詞匯四establishv.建立,設(shè)立 ◆教材原句Well,SNNRwasestablishedin2000...嗯,三江源國(guó)家自然保護(hù)區(qū)建立于2000年…… ◆要點(diǎn)必記establishacity/anempire建立一座城市/建立一個(gè)帝國(guó)

establishfunds設(shè)立基金

establishrelations/links/contact(withsb.)(與……)建立聯(lián)系establishwhether/if...確定是否……◆詞語(yǔ)辨析establish,setup與open(1)establish與setup均表示“建立,設(shè)立(公司、機(jī)構(gòu))”,setup不如establish正式,是日常英語(yǔ)中的常用短語(yǔ)。(2)open開(kāi)設(shè),開(kāi)辦(向公眾提供服務(wù)的企業(yè),如商店、餐館、酒店等)。 單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)He

(establish)anewresearchcentreinHefeilastyear.(2)Ourgoalis

(establish)anewresearchcentreintheNorth. 單句寫(xiě)作(3)Iwonderedwhyheshouldbothertotryand

(和……取得聯(lián)系)me.(4)Ourgoalisto

(成立分部)inZhengzhou.(5)Iwasneverableto

(確定是否)shewastellingthetruth.(6)Itwillbeessentialto

(搞清楚如何)themoneyisbeingspent.

establishcontactwithestablishedtoestablishestablishanewbranchestablishwhether/ifestablishhow詞匯五damagev.&n.破損,損害,損傷

◆教材原句Inrecentyears,wehaveseenlargeareasofwetlandthatweredamagedbyhumanactivity.近年來(lái),我們看到大片濕地被人類(lèi)活動(dòng)破壞?!粢c(diǎn)必記do/causedamageto...對(duì)……造成損害causeseriousdamagetotheenvironment對(duì)環(huán)境造成嚴(yán)重的破壞damageone’shealth損害健康◆詞語(yǔ)辨析damage,destroy與ruin?damage部分性“破壞”“損壞”,一般還可修復(fù)。?destroy徹底地“破壞”“毀壞”,一般不能或很難再修復(fù)。?ruin嚴(yán)重地“毀壞”,側(cè)重于破壞事物的內(nèi)在價(jià)值。 單句寫(xiě)作(1)Theoldfarmerwasveryupsetbecausethestrongwinds________________________________(給……帶來(lái)很大損害)hiswheat.(2)Smokingcan________________________(損害你的健康).辨析填空(damage/ruin/destroy)(3)Youhave

mybike;you’dbettergetitrepaired.(4)Mycarwas

inanaccident,andIhavetobuyanewone.(5)Toourdisappointment,thebadweather

ourtrip.(6)Theaccidentcausedsome

tomycar,butit’snothingserious.causedgreatdamagetodamageyourhealthdamageddestroyedruineddamage詞匯六flood(1)n.洪水,水災(zāi);大量

(2)v.

淹沒(méi);泛濫;(感覺(jué)或回憶)涌上心頭

◆教材原句We’vealsoseendroughtsandfloodscausedbythesechanges,whichaffectthewatersupplydownstream.我們還看到了由這些變化引起的干旱和洪水,這些變化影響了下游的供水。◆要點(diǎn)必記(1)causefloods引發(fā)水災(zāi) afloodof大量的……beinflood(河水)上漲,泛濫 floodwater洪水infloodsoftears淚如雨下 thefloodedareas水災(zāi)地區(qū)(2)befloodedwith大量收到…… floodin大量涌入(不及物)floodinto大量涌入(及物) floodback(感覺(jué)或回憶)涌上心頭,突然涌現(xiàn) 單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Telephonecallscameflooding

fromthelocalinhabitants.(2)WhenIsawthephotos,memoriesofmytimeinParis

(flood)back.(3)Largequantitiesoffoodareneededinthe

(flood)areasnow.單句寫(xiě)作(4)Thecharityreceived

(大量的)thankfultelegramsandletters.(5)Requestsforinformation

(涌入)aftertheadvertisement.(6)Seeingwhatthehomelesswereexperiencing,memoriesofherchildhoodcame________________(涌上心頭).

infloodedfloodedafloodoffloodedinfloodingback詞匯七affectv.影響;使感染;感動(dòng)

◆要點(diǎn)必記(1)affectourlives影響我們的生活 theareasaffectedbythehurricane受颶風(fēng)影響的地區(qū)bedeeplyaffectedby被……深深打動(dòng)(2)haveagreateffecton對(duì)……有重大影響ineffect在實(shí)施中,有效 takeeffect生效,起作用◆單詞積累effectn.影響,效果,作用effectiveadj.有效的,生效的 greenhouseeffect溫室效應(yīng)◆詞語(yǔ)辨析

affect,effect與influence·affectvt.指一時(shí)的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)影響的動(dòng)作,可指一般意義的影響,也可指不良影響?!ffectn.某種行為產(chǎn)生某種特殊的后果。·influencen.&vt.表示“影響”,主要指對(duì)其他人的行為、性格、觀點(diǎn)等產(chǎn)生潛移默化的影響。單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Babies’healthismuchmorelikely

(affect)ifeitherparentsmokes.(2)Thetornado(龍卷風(fēng))happenedin1925,

(affect)threeUSstates.(3)Withthegovernment’said(援助),those

(affect)bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.(4)Toomuchsmokinganddrinkingaffectedhimgreatly,whichmeantbadlivinghabitshadaneffect

hishealth.(5)

(affect)bytheriseofhouseprices,peopleinbigcitiesliveundergreatpressure.tobeaffectedaffectingaffectedonAffected辨析填空(affect/effect/influence)(6)Alcoholcan

yourattentionanditalsohasabad

onyourliver.(7)Thechangeinclimatemay

yourhealth.(8)Webecamethebestfriendsandhe

medeeply.(9)Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthosewhoseliveswere

.affecteffectaffectinfluencedaffected詞匯八supply(1)n.煤氣、電力、自來(lái)水等供應(yīng)(系統(tǒng));[pl.]補(bǔ)給品;供應(yīng)(量);補(bǔ)給(2)vt.供應(yīng);供給 ◆要點(diǎn)必記food/water/gas/electricitysupply食物/水/煤氣/電供應(yīng)supplyanddemand供求關(guān)系asupplyof一批;許多supplysb./sth.withsth.=supplysth.tosb./sth.為某人/某物提供某物◆詞語(yǔ)辨析supply,provide與offer·supply尤指大量供應(yīng)、供給?!rovide強(qiáng)調(diào)提供所需之物。providesb.withsth.providesth.forsb.·offer強(qiáng)調(diào)主動(dòng)提供。offersb.sth.offersth.tosb.

單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Theywillsupplyus

technologyinsupportwithoutaskingforanythinginreturn.(2)Thisbookwillsupplysomescientificmethods

usinEnglishlearning.(3)Ourschoollibrarycanprovideallkindsofgoodbooks

students.(4)Finally,themanagerofferedagoodjob

me.單句寫(xiě)作(5)We

(提供給無(wú)家可歸的人)foodandclothes.(6)This

(給我提供了一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì))toshowmyappreciationtomyheadmistress.withtofortoprovide/supplythehomelesswithofferedmeachance詞匯九adoptv.采?。撤N方法);承襲(風(fēng)俗);收養(yǎng),領(lǐng)養(yǎng) ◆教材原句Thisincludeskeepingtheoriginalenvironmentfrombeingtouched,aswellasadoptingnew,sustainablewaysoffeedingfarmanimals.這包括保持原始環(huán)境不被破壞,以及采用新的、可持續(xù)的方式喂養(yǎng)農(nóng)場(chǎng)動(dòng)物。 ◆要點(diǎn)必記(1)adoptanewtechnique采用一項(xiàng)新技術(shù)adoptanapproach/policy/attitude采取一種方法/政策/態(tài)度

adoptasuggestion采納一個(gè)建議 adoptachild收養(yǎng)一個(gè)孩子(2)adapt/adjustto適應(yīng) beadaptedfrom改編自…… beadaptedfor改編成……◆單詞積累adoptedadj.收養(yǎng)的,領(lǐng)養(yǎng)的 adoptionn.收養(yǎng);采納

adaptvt.適應(yīng);改編 adjustv.適應(yīng);調(diào)整 單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Becomingamemberofthesocietymeans

(adopt)itsvalues.(2)Thewomansaidthathertwochildrenwereboth

(adopt). (3)Formanychildlesscouples,

(adopt)isthebestsolution.(4)Inthepast,theyweretoopoorandhadtohavetheirdaughter

(adopt).辨析填空(adopt/adapt/adjust)(5)Itturnedoutthathis

sontreatedthemasiftheywerehisownparents.(6)Ittookhimquitealottimeto

tothelifehere.(7)Thefilmis

fromanovelofMoYan.(8)Allthreeteams

differentwaystosolvetheproblem.(9)Theheightofthechaircanbe

.adoptingadoptedadoptionadoptedadoptedadapt/adjustadaptedadoptedadjusted詞匯十reducev.減少,降低 ◆教材原句Reducewastebychoosingreusableproducts...

通過(guò)選擇可重復(fù)使用的產(chǎn)品來(lái)減少浪費(fèi)……◆要點(diǎn)必記reducespeed減速 reducecosts降低成本 reduceexpenses縮減費(fèi)用reduce...by...減少了……(by表示減少的幅度)reduce...to...減少到……(to表示減少的結(jié)果)reducesb.totears/silence使某人流淚/沉默reducesth.toashes/ruins使某物(尤指建筑物)化為灰燼/夷為廢墟bereducedto(doing)sth.淪落到……地步◆歸納拓展rise/increaseto增加到…… rise/increaseby增加了…… 單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Shereducedherweight

6kilos.Thatistosay,shereducedherweightfrom68kilos

62kilos.(2)Hisspeechreducedalltheaudiencepresent

tears.(3)Unluckily,abigfirereducedthelandmark

ruins.(4)Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeand

(reduce)toruins,thecitytookonanewlook.單句寫(xiě)作(5)Representativesofthetwosidessignedanagreementto

(減少稅收).(6)[2015·浙江卷]Oneofthemosteffectivewaysto

(減輕壓力)istotalkaboutfeelingswithsomeoneyoutrust.(7)Alltheshirts

(被降到)10dollars.(8)Theprice

(降低了)20%sinceMay.bytototobeingreducedreducetaxesreducestressarereducedtohasbeenreducedby詞匯十一insteadof代替;而不是

◆教材原句Walkorrideabikeinsteadoftakingacar.步行或騎自行車(chē)而不是開(kāi)車(chē)?!粼~語(yǔ)辨析insteadof與instead·insteadof短語(yǔ)介詞,“代替,而不是”,后跟名詞/代詞/動(dòng)名詞/介詞短語(yǔ)等?!nstead副詞,“(不是……)而是/反而”,可單獨(dú)使用。Youprobablypickedupmykeysinsteadofyours.你可能沒(méi)拿你的鑰匙而是拿了我的。IfJoecan’tattendthemeeting,Icouldgoinstead.如果喬不能去開(kāi)會(huì),我可以代替他去。 單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Instead

focusingonyourweaknesses,focusonyourstrengths.(2)Insteadof

(buy)themintheshops,sheprefersmakingherownclothes.(3)Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathedidsomethinginsteadofjust

(talk).同義句轉(zhuǎn)換(4)Thesalesmandidn’tgivemeaChinesebook.Instead,hegavemeanEnglishbook.=ThesalesmangavemeanEnglishbook

aChinesebook.ofbuyingtalkinginsteadof詞匯十二releasev.&n.釋放,排放;發(fā)布;發(fā)行

◆教材原句Thelessenergyyouuse,thelesscarbondioxideisreleased.你使用的能源越少,釋放的二氧化碳就越少?!粢c(diǎn)必記releasesb.(from)(從……)釋放某人bereleasedintothewild被放回野生環(huán)境中releaseheat釋放熱量 單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Policearrestedseveralmen,whowerelater

(release).(2)Firefighterstooktwohourstoreleasethedriver

thewreckage(殘?。?(3)Thecourtfoundhiminnocentandhe

(release).releasedfromwasreleased詞匯十三severeadj.(問(wèn)題、傷勢(shì)、疾病等)很?chē)?yán)重的 ◆教材原句Smogcanbedangerousbecauseitcausesseverebreathingproblemsandinfections.霧霾很危險(xiǎn),因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的呼吸問(wèn)題和感染。◆要點(diǎn)必記severeinjury重傷 severepollution嚴(yán)重的污染aseverewinter嚴(yán)冬 besevereon/withsb.對(duì)某人很?chē)?yán)厲◆單詞積累severelyadv.嚴(yán)重地 單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Motoristsshouldbepunished

(severe)fordangerousdriving.(2)Thecourtsarebecomingmoresevere

youngoffenders(犯罪者).單句寫(xiě)作(3)他得了重病。_______________________________________

(4)我將會(huì)繼續(xù)對(duì)自己嚴(yán)格要求,請(qǐng)相信我吧!Iwill

.Pleasejustbelieveme.severelyonHehadasevereillness.besevereonmyself詞匯十四permissionn.允許,許可

◆教材原句Apoliteinterruptionisusuallyframedasarequestforpermissiontointerruptsomeone,oftenstartingwithIf...,MayI...?禮貌的打斷通常被理解為請(qǐng)求允許打斷某人,通常以If...,MayI...開(kāi)始?!粢c(diǎn)必記(1)havepermissiontodosth.獲得許可做某事 getpermission

(fromsb.)得到(某人的)許可askforpermission請(qǐng)求許可 gainpermissiontodo...獲得做……的許可withone’spermission/withthepermissionofsb.在某人的許可/準(zhǔn)許下withoutpermission未經(jīng)許可(2)permitdoingsth.允許做某事 permitsb.todosth.允許某人做某事weatherpermitting如果天氣允許 iftimepermits如果時(shí)間允許◆單詞積累permitv.許可,允許;(使)成為可能n.[C]許可證;執(zhí)照 單句寫(xiě)作(1)Inourschool,nostudentcangooutoftheclassroom

(未經(jīng)許可).(2)Maryis

(請(qǐng)求她母親的許可)tomarryTom,sayingheisaresponsibleyoungman.單句語(yǔ)法填空(3)Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalwaysgettingher

(permit)forthings,thinkagain.(4)Wedonotpermit

(smoke)intheoffice.(5)Itwasannouncedthatonlywhenthefirewasundercontrolwouldtheresidents___________(permit)toreturntotheirhomes.(6)We’llhaveapicnicatthebeach,weather

(permit).(7)Asapunishment,shewasnotpermitted

(attend)anyschoolactivities.(8)I’llseeyouafterthemeeting,iftime

(permit).(9)[2017·浙江卷]Shehadaskedthegovernmentfor

(permit)tomovethebookstoasafeplace,buttheyrefused.withoutpermissionaskingforhermother’spermissionpermissionsmokingbepermittedpermittingtoattendpermitspermission重點(diǎn)句式句式一the+比較級(jí)...,the+比較級(jí)...“越……,就越……”◆教材原句Thelessenergyyouuse,thelesscarbondioxideisreleased.你使用的能源越少,釋放的二氧化碳就越少。◆要點(diǎn)必記“the+比較級(jí)(+主謂),the+比較級(jí)(+主謂)”表示“越……,就越……”。前者表示條件,后者表示結(jié)果?!魵w納拓展越來(lái)越……

比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)

strongerandstronger越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大moreandmore+多音節(jié)形容詞原級(jí)

moreandmoreimportant越來(lái)越重要

單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Themore,the

(good).(2)The

(hard)youstudy,themoreprogressyou’llmake.單句寫(xiě)作(3)你練習(xí)得越多,理解得就越透徹。

youpractise,

youcanunderstand.(4)隨著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,中國(guó)在國(guó)際舞臺(tái)上的地位變得越來(lái)越重要了。Withtherapideconomicdevelopment,China’spositionontheinternationalstageisgetting

.betterharderThemorethebettermoreandmoreimportant單元語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)要點(diǎn)一現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。其主要用于以下兩類(lèi)動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):(1)位于感官動(dòng)詞后:如see,hear,feel,smell,watch,catch(當(dāng)場(chǎng)發(fā)現(xiàn)),find,listento,lookat,notice,observe等。注意:感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,watch,observe等后跟doing作賓補(bǔ),表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行;后跟do作賓補(bǔ),表示動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程。(2)位于使役動(dòng)詞后:如set,keep,have,get,leave等。◆學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥在有些動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ)),如regard,describe,accept,thinkof,lookon等之后,可由as引出動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)。單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)WhenIwasonmywaytoschoolthismorning,Isawtwowomen

(argue).(2)Hewasjustabouttositdownwhenhefeltsomething

(move)nearhisfeet.(3)Onthebankoftheriver,wefoundhim

(lie)onabench,withhiseyes_______(fix)onakiteinthesky.(4)Istoodonthebridgeandwatchedboats

(pass)by.(5)Theyusecomputerstokeepthetraffic

(run)smoothly.(6)Theyoungmanwascaught

(steal)acar.(7)Listeningtomusicathomeisonething,goingtohearit

(perform)liveisquiteanotherthing.(8)Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound

(smoke)inthekitchen.(9)WhenIcamein,IsawLinda

(whisper)toDanny.arguingmovinglying

fixedpassingrunningstealingbeingperformedsmokingwhispering要點(diǎn)二過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài),賓語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,即賓語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的承受者。能夠接過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞主要有兩類(lèi):一類(lèi)是感官動(dòng)詞,另一類(lèi)是使役動(dòng)詞。在高中階段學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的情況通常有以下幾種:(1)用于表示某種狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞keep,leave等的賓語(yǔ)的后面(2)“have/get+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”表示“讓別人做某事”或“遭遇某種不幸”。(3)在“make+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中過(guò)去分詞表示結(jié)果。(4)常用在感官動(dòng)詞watch,see,hear,notice,feel等的后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ);此外,find也有此用法。(5)用在want,wish,like,expect,order等表示“希望、愿望、命令”的動(dòng)詞的后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。(6)在“with+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,賓語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系?!粽`區(qū)警示現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)用哪種形式根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間的關(guān)系來(lái)確定用哪種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。主動(dòng)關(guān)系——現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)關(guān)系——過(guò)去分詞(2)感官動(dòng)詞后的賓補(bǔ)感官動(dòng)詞hear,see,notice,feel等既可以接分詞也可以接省略to的動(dòng)詞不

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