《梁祝》與《羅密歐與朱麗葉》中西愛情觀差異

Abstract錯(cuò)誤！文檔中沒有指定樣式的文字。PAGE2IntroductionTheButterflyLoversandRomeoandJulietarewellknowninChinaandwesterncountriesasmasterpiecesoflovetragedy.Ontheabroad，theoreticallytherearefewcomparativestudiesonthesetwoworks.Thetwoworksaremainlypresentedinformofstageplays,musicalsandotherartforms.Athome,manyscholarshavemadealotofcomparativestudiesonthesetwoworks.Thispaperdwellsontheirdissimilaritiesfromthreeaspects:themepresentation,socio-culturalbackground,easternandwesternethics,expressionoflove,attitudetowardslove,waystodefendlove.Itischerishedthatsuchacomparativeresearchwillfurtherenhancereaders’appreciationaswellastheliterarystatusofthesetwotreasuresintheworldofliterature.[4]RomeoandJulietisaplaybytheBritishplaywrightWilliamShakespeare.ItisoftenmisnamedasoneofShakespeare'sfourtragediesduetoitspopularityactually"Macbeth","Othello","kingLear"and"Hamlet".TheplaytellsthestoryofItaliannoblecapuletdaughterJulietandmontague'ssonromeosincerelove,pledgetostaytogether,butbecausethetwofamiliesfortheenemyandblocked.RomeoandJulietisatragedy,butthelovebetweentwoyoungmenandheroinesisnotpathetic.Theynotonlylovedeachother,butcourageouslypursuedtheirlove.Fightwithyourlife.Theirlovepowerenablesthemtofacefamilyhatredandchallengeobstaclesinlife.Theypursueanewlifestyle.Theyarenotafraidtobeatoninglambs,sotheirdeathistheendoflife,butamoralvictory.Thetworivalfamilieswerefinallyreconciled.Inthissense,manyscholarsandcriticscalltheplayatragedyofoptimism,atragicomedyasitisknown.[1]"Liangshanboandzhuyingtai"isoneofthefourancientChinesefolklovestories.ItisthemostcharmingoralinheritanceofartandnationalintangibleculturalheritageinChina.Sincethebeginningoftheeasternjindynasty,ithasbeenpopularamongthepeopleformorethan1700years.Fromancienttimestotoday,countlesspeoplehavebeenaffectedbythebeautifulloveofliangshanboandzhuyingtai.Thelegendandlovestoryofliangzhuarerealeventsthathappenedinhistory.Theyaresupportedbyhistoricaldataandhistoricalrelics.浙江大學(xué)遠(yuǎn)程教育學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文 1.ViewsofLovein"ButterflyLovers"and"RomeoandJuliet"1.1StoryIn"LiangShanboandZhuYingtai",ZhuYingtai,dressedasawoman,cametoHangzhoutostudyandmeetLiangShanbo.TheywentthroughtheCaoqiaobridgetomakeapilgrimage,thelibrarytotalkwitheachother,the18thpartytoseeeachotheroff,andthebuildingfair,andfellinlovetoanirremediableextent.Eventhoughtheyknowtheirlovewillbeblocked,theyarestilldeterminedtofightforfreelove.Therefore,whentheirloveisobstructedbymanyfactorssuchasthemarriage"thelifeofparents,thewordsofthemedia",thefamily'straditionunderthefeudalConfuciantraditionalethics,theMafamily'swealthandtherealityoftheofficial'smutualprotection,etc.,theyarestilldeterminedtostayinprivateforlifethroughthejadefan.Butthecrueltyofrealitydoomedthattheycouldnotcometogether.WhenLiangShanbocametoZhu'shousetopropose,helearnedthatZhuYingtaihadbeenbetrothedtothehorse'shouse,anddiedofmelancholybecauseofhisstrongyearningforZhuYingtai.AlthoughZhuYingtaigotonthehorse'ssedanchairafterliangShanbo'sdeath,hechangedhiswayinthemiddleoftheway,cametoLiangShanbo'sgraveinplainclothes,andjumpedintothegravetobeburiedwithhisbelovedTogether,finallyturnedintolovebutterfliesflyout.Finally,theypursuethelovetheylongforinthemythicalplotof"butterflychanging".[3]InRomeoandJuliet,thefeudalfamilyismorepowerful.Asthechildrenofthefeudalisticfamily,itisalmostimpossibletogettogether.Inaddition,Romeoaccidentallykilledtiberte,whichcanbecalledfeudplusfeud.Althoughtheirloveisfacedwithmanyobstaclesandtests,theirlovedoesn'tstopspreading.Onthecontrary,inthefaceofRomeo'sexileandherparents'oppositiontocoercionandtheattitudechangeofhermother,JulietcrossedalltheseobstaclesthroughthesecretweddingceremonyinfatherLawrence'stemple,drinkingpoisontopretendtodie,andbothsidesdiedtogether,soastorealizeherpursuitoflove.Fromthis,wecanseethatthetwoheroinesinthesetwoworksarequitesimilarintheplotofdoublemartyrdom.Thedevelopmentprocessisfromacquaintancetolove.Afterthat,theparentsstronglyoppose.Thentheheroineandheroinefightforfreelove,andfinallymakethechoiceofdoublemartyrdominthecasethatloverscan'tbemarried.Bothworksarefollowedbytheheroineafterhisdeath.Inthecaseofloversunabletogetmarried,boththemaleandfemaleprotagonistsfightagainstthefeudalpatriarchalautocracyandthefeudalpatriarchalarrangedmarriagesystembyendingtheiryounglives.Theyallusetheirownwaytodeduceapassionate,persistentandtouchingstoryaboutlove,andconveytopeoplethegoodwishthatloverswilleventuallymarry.1.2ThemeThetwotragicworksbothpraisetheyoungmenandwomen'spersistenceinlove,daretobreakthetraditionalshackles,writetheoldmarriagesystem,andsafeguardthecourageoftruelove.Theirlovedidnotendbecauseofdeath,butbecausedeathbecameeternal.InLiangShanboandZhuYingtai,thefeudalspiritiswellreflectedintheopera.ZhuYingtaiwasunwillingtoaccepthisfather'sarrangedmarriage,butcouldnotresist.Intheirtraditionalculture,individualmarriageandautonomyarecompletelycontrolledbytheirparents.InRomeoandJuliet,theemergenceoftwotraditionalrevengepartiespreventedthecombinationofRomeoandJuliet,buttheydidnotgiveuplove.Becauseofthefeudbetweenthetwofamilies,theycouldonlymarryinsecret.Whenthecombinationofsoulandbodyisfinallyrealized,theirdeatheliminatesthehatredofthetwofamilies.[7]1.3SignificanceLiangShanboandZhuYingtaiisacollectiveworkofChinesefolkpeople,whosecontentandthemearebasedontherealfolkstoriesinChinaatthattime.Wecanstillseeclearlytheshadowoffeudalsociety,theautocracyoffeudalparents,thesuppressionandkillingoffreelovebyfeudalethics.Theendingofthework:LiangShanboandZhuYingtaiareburiedtogetherforlove,andtheybecomeapairofbutterfliesinlove.Thisfullyembodiesthecombinationofrealismandromanticism.RomeoandJulietisanindividualcreation,whichiscreatedbyShakespearebasedonthetragiclovestoryofItalianfolkmenandwomen.ThisworkprofoundlyembodiestheenvironmentalcharacteristicsofItaliansocietyatthattime.However,thehero'slovestoryshowsanidealcolor.Forexample,aftertheheroandheroinearebothkilled,thefamilyfeudofbothsidescanbesolvedeasily.Whatwefeelisthatthesadidealisonlyobtainedbytheendoftheirlives,andthefamilyfeudofgenerationscanbesolvedbytheendoftheirlives.2.CausesofDifferencesBetweenChineseandWesternViewsofLovein"ButterflyLovers"and"RomeoandJuliet"2.1InfluencedbytheeconomicsystemChina'straditionaleconomyisatypicalself-sufficientnaturaleconomy.Peoplearemoresecureandconservative.Becausetheycanlivealifetimeonapieceofland,andtheircultureisrelativelyintroverted.Moreover,ancientChinesecivilization,originatedintheriverbasin,belongstoagriculturalcivilization.The"agriculturalcivilizationcharacter"hascreatedtheOrientalpeopletopayattentiontoethicsandmorality,seekcommongroundandstability,andtake"harmonyisprecious,toleranceishigh"astheprincipleoflife.[6]WesternancientGreekcivilization,originatedfromtheAegeancoast,belongstomarinecivilization.Moreover,EuropeanfarmingisfarfromasimportantasChinesefarminginancientsociety,soEuropeansliketoexploreoutward,andtheircultureismoreextroverted.Moreover,thewesterncountrieshaveenteredtheindustrialeconomyeralongaftertheindustrialrevolution.[8]The"industrialcivilizationcharacter"hascreatedastrongwesternspiritofstruggleandthelegalconsciousnessofsafeguardingtheirowninterests,whichtakesindependence,freedomandequalityastheprinciplesoflife.2.2InfluencedbythegeographicalenvironmentTheclosedcontinentalgeographicalenvironmentlimitstheChinesepeople'sthinkingtothelocalarea.Theyaregoodatsumminguptheexperienceandlessonsoftheirpredecessors,like"takinghistoryasamirror",whiletheirspatialconsciousnessisweak.ThiskindofintrovertedthinkingleadstoChinesepeople'ssteadyandquietcharacter,lackofcuriosityaboutnewthingsandlackofinterestinunknownthings.Mostofthewesterncountriesareinanopenmarinegeographicalenvironment,withdevelopedindustry,commerceandnavigation.SinceancientGreece,therehasbeenatraditionofpayingattentiontothestudyofnaturalobjectsandtheexplorationofnaturalmysteries.Atthesametime,themountainwind,tsunamiandturbulenceinthemarineenvironmentalsoconstitutethewesternnation'spersonalityoffocusingonspaceexpansionandmilitaryconquest.2.3InfluencedbytheculturalandhistoricalbackgroundofeachnationBecauseLiangZhuwasinfluencedbytheConfucianthoughtaboutthemiddleway,headvocatedthebeautyofthemiddleandemphasizedtheunityofthebeautyandthegood.Therefore,ChineseclassicallovetragediessuchasLiangZhuoftenendwithgrandreunionorsymbolicreunion,andpresentakindofflexiblesadness.Inaddition,theethicalreceptionaestheticsofChinaalsodeterminesthatLiangZhucan'tendwithasadending.Accordingtoreceptionaesthetics,whenaworkisincontactwithreadersoraudience,itshouldfirstberecognizedbyreadersoraudience.Thissenseofidentityismadeupofnationaltradition,culturalcultivation,appreciationinterestandpersonalexperience.[10]TheChinesepeople'sgoodcharacterofrepayinggoodforevilalsoaffectsthepsychologicalstateofChinesereaders.Therefore,agoodmansuffersmisfortuneinreality,buthealwayshopestogivehimagoodendinginhisworks.Evenifhediesmiserably,hemustfindawaytomakehimachievehiswishinlife.Evenifitisillusory,itwillfinallymakethereaderachievepsychologicalbalanceandgetsatisfactionandcomfortinaestheticpursuit.Sothesubjectiveexpectationofreadersoftenrestrictstheauthor'screativethinking.Butthewesterners'aestheticpsychologyisdifferent.Theyattachgreatimportancetotragedyandthinkthatlifeisnotperfect,onlystruggleandadventurecanchangelife,andthentheycangetthesatisfactionofaestheticpsychology.Theyalwaysregardsublimedeathasthehighestrealmofartaesthetics.Westerntraditionalaestheticsdeterminesthetragicendingofwesterntragedy.Westerntraditionalaestheticsemphasizestherealityofimitation,whichrequirestheauthortoreappearthesubjectivetendencyoftheauthorintheimageandplot.Inthetragedy,thewesternwritersnaturallyshowtheirtragicconsciousness,showthecharacters'intensepsychologicalconflicts,andtherealresultisthatthepuretragicendingintensifiesthelifeconflictsandmakesthewholeplaypresentatragiccolor.Itisthistragedythatsublimatesthespiritofsoulshockandinspirespeopletofacetheterriblefateandmarchforwardinanger.Therefore,mostwesterntragediesendwiththelastdeathoflife,whichreflectstheaestheticpsychologyofthewesternnation.

3.ConclusionFromtheabovecomparison,itcanbeseenthatthelovestoriesofthetwoworkscanbesunginancientandmoderntimes.Theylastforalongtime,becausetheybringpeople'sdesireandpursuitforfreelove,andalsoletpeopleexperiencethegreatpowerofloveidealandthemagnificentpictureofpayingforlove.However,duetothedifferencesinsociety,cultureandethicsbetweentheEastandthewest,aswellasthedifferencesincharactersandcreators'thoughts,thesetwoclassiclovestorieshavetheirownuniquecharm.[9]Fromtheabovecomparison,itcanbeseenthatthelovestoriesofRomeoandJulietandliangshanboandZhuYingTaicanbesungfromancienttimestomoderntimes.Theylastalongtimebecausetheybringpeople'sdesireandpursuitforfreelove,andalsoletpeopleexperiencethegreatpowerofloveidealandthemagnificentpictureofpayingforlove.However,duetothedifferencesinsociety,culture