2023學(xué)年完整公開(kāi)課版現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

ThePresentPerfecttense學(xué)校：高明初中教師：李芳present(now)futurepast

PresentPerfectTense

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示在以前某個(gè)時(shí)間已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為或曾經(jīng)做過(guò)的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在有某種影響。主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞（pp）助動(dòng)詞,無(wú)意義

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)Winter

has

already

come，willitstillbefarinspring?肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞（pp）否定形式：主語(yǔ)+haven’t(havenot）+過(guò)

去分詞主語(yǔ)+hasn’t(hasnot)+過(guò)去

分詞疑問(wèn)句：把助動(dòng)詞have/has放在句首：

Have/Has（not）+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞（pp）

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)注：主語(yǔ)若是第三人稱單數(shù)助動(dòng)詞用hasYouhaveplantedallthetrees.Ihaveplantedallthetrees.Theyhaveplantedallthetrees.He/shehasplantedallthetrees.

區(qū)別have和has的用法

主語(yǔ)若是第三人稱單數(shù)助動(dòng)詞用has1)表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成的動(dòng)作。Nowwehaveplantedallthetrees.Hehasjustcomeback.Theyhavebuiltmanybuildingsinthiscity.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法2)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響。Someonehasbrokenthewindow.(窗戶現(xiàn)在是壞的)Ihavealreadylostthekey.(我現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有鑰匙)Ihaven’treadthatbookyet.(不了解書的內(nèi)容)Ihavejustcleanedmyhands.(手是干凈的)常與already(已經(jīng)),yet(已經(jīng)),just(剛剛),ever(曾經(jīng))等詞連用.already:常用于肯定句中.yet:常用于否定句,疑問(wèn)句尾.3)表示從過(guò)去開(kāi)始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。1.ShehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.2.HehaslivedinBeijingsince2yearsago.3.Ihaven’tdonemuchexercisesinceIgotmycomputerlastyear.4.IhavelivedinShaanxifortenyears.5.MysisterhaslearntEnglishsinceshewasfour.since:(自…以來(lái))1)since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)He

has

stayed

here

since

5

o’clock.2)since+時(shí)間段+agoHe

has

stayed

here

since

5

hours

ago.3)since+從句She

has

taught

English

since

he

came

here.

for:(長(zhǎng)達(dá)）for+時(shí)間段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.since,for的用法:

Takenotes

用for或since填空Mr.BrownhashadhisTV______15years.Mysisterhashadhercellphone______amonth.Wehaven’tusedourcar_____alongtime.Shehasn’thadagoodcupofcoffee_____years.I’vetakendrivinglessons_______lastmonth.Myfriendshaven’tvisitedme______fewdaysago.Tomhaswornglasses_______hewas7yearsold.forsinceforsinceforforsince現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別疑難點(diǎn)一：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)在表達(dá)經(jīng)歷時(shí)只表示該事件是在現(xiàn)在之前的某一時(shí)間里發(fā)生的，重點(diǎn)在于已完成動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響?？捎胘ust,already（已經(jīng)）或yet（還沒(méi)，是否已經(jīng)）

加以強(qiáng)調(diào)或說(shuō)明。而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則表示在過(guò)去某一具體時(shí)間發(fā)生的事情。IhavejustbeentoLondon.Iwenttherelastmonth.Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Ifinisheditanhourago.在沒(méi)有明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，如何判斷該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還是一般過(guò)去時(shí)呢？判斷的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是看該行為是否對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，也就是說(shuō)該句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么。試看以下對(duì)話：A:Wherehaveyouputmybook?Ican’tfindit.

你把我的書放在哪兒了？我找不到。B:Iputitonyourdeskyesterday.我昨天放在你桌子上了。該對(duì)話中，當(dāng)A問(wèn)對(duì)方把自己的書放在何處時(shí)，A強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在找不到了，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。但是B回答時(shí)只是說(shuō)明當(dāng)時(shí)放的位置，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。再看下面的對(duì)話：A:Wouldyouliketogoandseethefilmwithmetonight?B:Sorry,Ihaveseenitalready.(不好意思，我已經(jīng)看過(guò)那部電影了)對(duì)話中的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示對(duì)結(jié)果的強(qiáng)調(diào)：“電影已經(jīng)看過(guò)了，所以不想再看了”并非所有for作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)搞清一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別。Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這里工作了)Ihaveworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.（現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作）疑難點(diǎn)二：疑難點(diǎn)三：短暫性動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的應(yīng)用要點(diǎn)（1）在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，短暫性動(dòng)詞一般不能與時(shí)間段連用，但在否定句中，則一般可以和表示一段時(shí)間的for短語(yǔ)連用。（2）短暫性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如果要保留表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，必須將短暫性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，常見(jiàn)的短暫性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞如下：短暫性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞fallasleepbeasleepbegin/startbeonbuyhavediebedeadcomebeinarrivebeherejoinbein/beamemberoffinish/endbeoverleavebeawayborrowkeepbegintostudystudycomebackbebackgettoknowknow1.---HowlonghasrobertD?-----Since2004.beentoBeijingB.becomeapolicemanJoinedtheartclubD.studiedinthisschool2.Mr.GreenAfromhishometownfor3years.HasbeenawayB.hasgoneHasleftD.hascome----Whendidyouleavehome?----Ilefthomeat18,Nile.ICyourcityforfiveyears.havegonetoB.havebeentoHavebeeninD.havecometo----DoesJimmystillworkasadriver?----No.HehasCfortwoyears.leftthecompanyB.gonetoShanghaiC.studiedincollegeD.losthisjob完成下列習(xí)題：辨析havebeento和havegonetoMyfatherhasgonetoShanghaiforameeting.他（已經(jīng)）去了上海。MyfatherhasbeentoShanghaiforameeting.他（曾經(jīng)）去了上海。ShehasbeentoChina.

她（曾經(jīng)）去過(guò)中國(guó)。（人已經(jīng)回來(lái)了）havebeentosomeplace.曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地，已經(jīng)回來(lái)．hasgonetosomeplace.某人去了某地，還沒(méi)有回來(lái)．ShehasgonetoChinalastweek.上周她去了上海。疑難點(diǎn)四:用have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto填空：1.—Whereisyourbrother?—He____________theshop.He’llbebacksoon.2.—______youever_________toAmerica?—Yes,I___________NewYorktwice.3.—Hereyouare!Where_____you_____?—I_____________London.4.—David_____________Australia.—I’msurehe’salreadyarrived.5.—IsBennyhere?—No,he__________theschoollibrary.Heleftfiveminutesago.hasgonetoHavebeentohavebeentohavebeenhavebeentohasgonetohasgoneto1.He

goes(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.2.

Have

youfound(find)yoursciencebookyet?3.Ifitis(be)finetomorrow,I'llgowithyou.4.Thestudentswerereading(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein.5.Look!Themonkeyisclimbing(climb)thetree.6.Mymotheriscoming(come)toseemenextSunday.