外研版英語必修四講義Module3BodyLanguage1SectionⅠIntroductionReadingandVocabulary-ComprehendingWord版含答案

身體語言會在不經意間表露一個人的心理，解讀身體語言，請看下文……Bodylanguageisthequiet,secretandmostpowerfullanguageofall！Itissaidthatourbodymovementsmunicateabout50percentofwhatwereallymeanwhilewordsonlyexpress7percent.So,whileyourmouthisclosed,yourbodyisjustsaying...Arms.Howyouholdyourarmsshowshowopenandreceptiveyouaretopeopleyoumeet.Ifyoukeepyourarmstothesidesofyourbodyorbehindyourback,thissuggestsyouarenotafraidoftakingonwhateveresyourway.Outgoingpeoplegenerallyusetheirarmswithbigmovements,whilequieterpeoplekeepthemclosetotheirbodies.Ifsomeoneupsetsyou,justcrossyourarmstoshowyou’reunhappy!Head.Whenyouwanttoappearconfident,keepyourheadlevel.Ifyouareamonitorinclass,youcanalsotakeonthispositionwhenyouwantyourwordstobetakenseriously.However,tobefriendlyinlisteningorspeaking,youmustmoveyourheadalittle.Legs.Yourlegstendtomovearoundalotmorethannormalwhenyouarenervousortellinglies.Ifyouareatinterviews,trytokeepthemstill!Posture(姿勢).Agoodposturemakesyoufeelbetteraboutyourself.Ifyouarefeelingdown,younormallydon’tsitstraight，withyourshouldersinwards.Thismakesbreathingmoredifficult,whichcanmakeyoufeelnervousorunfortable.Mouth.Whenyouarethinking,youoftenpurse(撅起)yourlips.Youmightalsousethispositiontoholdbackanangryment(評論)youdon’twishtoshow.However,itwillprobablystillbenoticed,andpeoplewillknowyou’renotpleased.Face.Whenyoulie,youmightputonafalseface.Butthatexpressionwouldcrack(破裂)briefly,allowingdisplaysoftrueemotionssuchashappiness,sadness,disgust(厭惡)andfeartoethrough.SectionⅠIntroduction&ReadingandVocabulary—prehending重點單詞寫作詞匯1.dealn． 協(xié)議；交易2.involvevt. 包括3.spreadvi. 張開拓展詞匯4municationn．交流；溝通→municatevi.(用語言、信號)傳遞信息；交流5.unconsciousadj.無意的；不知不覺的→consciousadj.意識到的；自覺的6.varyvi.變化→varietyn．種類→variousadj.各種各樣的7.formaladj.正式的→informaladj.非正式的8.traditionallyadv.傳統(tǒng)地→traditionaladj.傳統(tǒng)的→traditionn．傳統(tǒng)9.threateningadj.恐嚇的；具有威脅的→threatenv．威脅→threatn．威脅10.slightlyadv.輕微地；稍微→slightadj.輕微的；少量的閱讀詞匯11.aggressiveadj. 攻擊的；挑斗的；挑釁的12.weaponn. 武器13.gesturen. 姿勢；姿態(tài)14.foreheadn. 前額15.bowvi. 鞠躬16.youthn. 年輕人17.palmn. 手掌18.slapvt. 掌擊重點短語1.onguard (保持)警惕2.makeadeal 達成協(xié)議；做成交易3.holdup 舉起4.giveaway 暴露(自己的情況)5.shakehandswith 與……握手重點句型1.morethan＋名詞：Althoughtheseareveryimportant，wemunicatewithmorethanjustspokenandwrittenwords(不僅僅靠口語和書面語交流).2.介詞＋賓語從句：Indeed,bodypositionsarepartofwhatwecall“bodylanguage”(我們所稱其為“肢體語言”).3.獨立主格：Onepersonthenholdsuphishand,palmoutwardsandfivefingersspread(掌心向外，五指張開).eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)Readthetextandmatchthemainideaofeachparagraph.1．Para.1A．GreetingsinAsiancountries.2．Para.2B．Waysofmunication.3．Para.3C．Fascinatingbodylanguage.4．Para.4D．Greetingsinwesterncountries.5．Para.5E．Americanyouths’greetingtoday.答案：1－5.BDAECeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)Readthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestansweraccordingtothetext.1．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A．WheninRome,DoastheRomansDoB．GreetingsAroundtheWorldC．HowtoShakeHandsD．Non-verbalmunication2．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．Notallbodylanguageisconscious.B．Europeansshakehandswiththeirlefthands.C．Atanytime，weuse“l(fā)earned”bodylanguage.D．Waysofgreetingarethesameallovertheworld.3．WhydoEuropeansandAmericansshakehandswiththeirrighthands?A．Theyhavebeenusedtoit.B．Therighthandsaretheweakestones.C．Theythinkitisformal.D．Theywanttoexpresstheytrusteachother.4．WhichofthefollowingbelongstooneofthegreetingsintheUS?A．Nottotouchtheotherperson.B．Toputtherighthandovertheleft.C．Togreeteachotherwith“givemefive”．D．Tojointheirhands.答案：1－4.DADCeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)Analyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．Indeed,bodypositionsarepartofwhatwecall“bodylanguage”．eq\a\vs4\al()[翻譯]實際上，身體的姿勢是我們所稱其為“肢體語言”的一部分。2．Weseeexamplesofunconsciousbodylanguageveryoften,yetthereisalso“l(fā)earned”bodylanguage,whichvariesfromculturetoculture.eq\a\vs4\al()[翻譯]我們經?？吹揭恍o意識的肢體語言的例子，但也有“習得的”身勢語，它在不同的文化中各不相同。3．Muslimsgivea“salaam”，wheretheytouchtheirheart,mouthandforehead.eq\a\vs4\al()where引導非限制性定語從句，修飾salaam，where在定語從句中作狀語。[翻譯]穆斯林行“額手禮”，用手觸左胸、嘴巴和前額。①munication[k??mju?nI'keI?n]n.交流；溝通②thinkof想到，記得③morethan此處表示“不僅僅”。④spokenandwrittenwords口語和書面語withwords借助語言⑤unconscious[?n'k?n??s]adj.無意的；不知不覺的beunconsciousof未意識到⑥learnedadj.習得的⑦vary['ve?ri]vi.變化varyfrom...to...從……到……變化⑧beintroducedto被介紹給introduce...tosb.把……介紹給某人⑨onguard(保持)警惕⑩formal['f??ml]adj.正式的?aggressive[?'ɡresIv]adj.攻擊的；挑斗的；挑釁的?traditionally[tr?'dI?nli]adv.傳統(tǒng)地?shakehands握手?bebusy(in)doingsth.忙于做某事?weapon['wep?n]n.武器?gesture['d?est??]n.姿勢；姿態(tài)?threatening['θretnI?]adj.恐嚇的；具有威脅的?makeadeal達成協(xié)議，做成交易deal[di?l]n.協(xié)議；交易?involve[In'v?lv]vt.包括involvedoingsth.包括做某事?put...over...把……放在……上eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))bow[ba?]vi.鞠躬bowtosb.向某人鞠躬eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))slightly['slaItli]adv.輕微地；稍微eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))Muslim['m?zl?m]n.(常作復數(shù))穆斯林eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))salaam[s?'lɑ?m]n.(穆斯林的)額手禮(用右手撫額鞠躬的禮節(jié))eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))forehead['f?rId]n.前額eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))Hindu['hIndu?]n.印度人eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))jointheirhands雙手交叉eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))inrespect＝respectfully尊敬地eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))bebusywithsth.忙于某事eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))informal[In'f??ml]adj.非正式的eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))use...as...把……用作eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))youth[ju?θ]n.年輕人eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))holdup舉起反義詞組：putdowneq\o(○,\s\up1(34))palm[pɑ?m]n.手掌eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))spread[spred]vi.(spread,spread)張開eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))slap[sl?p]vt.掌擊eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))quite修飾名詞時，常把冠詞a(n)置于其后。eq\o(○,\s\up1(38))bodylanguage身體語言，身勢語eq\o(○,\s\up1(39))fascinatingadj.有極大吸引力的；迷人的fascinatedadj.被迷住的，被吸引的；極感興趣的(不用于名詞前)eq\o(○,\s\up1(40))giveaway暴露(自己的情況)eq\o(○,\s\up1(41))mindreader['maInd?ri?d?]n.(自稱或被認為)能看透別人心思的人Ifyousaytheword“munication①”，mostpeoplethinkof②wordsandsentences.Althoughtheseareveryimportant,wemunicatewithmorethan③justspokenandwrittenwords④.Indeed,bodypositionsarepartofwhatwecall“bodylanguage”．Weseeexamplesofunconscious⑤bodylanguageveryoften,yetthereisalso“l(fā)earned⑥”bodylanguage,whichvaries⑦fromculturetoculture.◆Althoughtheseareveryimportant是although引導的讓步狀語從句。Weuse“l(fā)earned”bodylanguagewhenweareintroducedto⑧strangers.Likeotheranimals,weareonguard⑨untilweknowitissafetorelax.SoeveryculturehasdevelopedaformalB10waytogreetstrangers,toshowthemwearenotaggressive?.Traditionally?，EuropeansandAmericansshakehands?.Theydothiswiththerighthand—thestrongesthandformostpeople.Ifourrighthandisbusygreeting?someone,itcannotbeholdingaweapon?.Sothegesture?issaying,“Itrustyou.Look,I’mnotcarryingathreatening?weapon.”Ifyoushakehandswithsomeone,youshowyoutrustthem.Weshakehandswhenwemakeadeal?.Itmeans,“Weagreeandwetrusteachother.”◆itissafetorelax中it是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的torelax?！魟釉~不定式短語toshowthem...作目的狀語；wearenotaggressive是省略that的賓語從句，作show的直接賓語。◆Ifyoushakehandswithsomeone是if引導的條件狀語從句。GreetingsinAsiancountriesdonotinvolve?touchingtheotherperson,buttheyalwaysinvolvethehands.TraditionallyinChina,whenwegreetsomeone,weputtherighthandover?theleftandbow?slightly?.Muslims?givea“salaam?”，wheretheytouchtheirheart,mouthandforehead?.Hindus?jointheirhands?andbowtheirheadsinrespect?.Inalloftheseexamples,thehandsarebusywith?thegreetingandcannotholdaweapon.Eventoday,whensomepeoplehaveveryinformal?stylesofgreeting,theystillusetheirhandsas?agestureoftrust.Americanyouths?oftengreeteachotherwiththeexpression,“Givemefive！”O(jiān)nepersonthenholdsup?hishand,palm?outwardsandfivefingersspread?.Theotherpersonraiseshishandandslaps?theother’sopenhandabovetheheadina“highfive”．Nowadays,itisquitea?mongreeting.◆whensomepeoplehaveveryinformal...是when引導的時間狀語從句。Bodylanguage?isfascinating?foranyonetostudy.Peoplegiveaway?muchmorebytheirgesturesthanbytheirwords.Lookatyourfriendsandfamilyandseeifyouareamindreader?!◆ifyouareamindreader是if引導的賓語從句，作see的賓語。說起“交流”這個詞，大多數(shù)人會想到詞語和句子。盡管這些很重要，但我們并不僅僅靠口語和書面語交流。實際上，身體的姿勢是我們所稱其為“肢體語言”的一部分。我們經?？吹揭恍o意識的肢體語言的例子，但也有“習得的”身勢語，它在不同的文化中各不相同。當我們被介紹給陌生人時，我們使用“習得的”身體語言。像其他動物一樣，只有在感覺很安全時我們才會放松，否則我們將一直處于戒備狀態(tài)。所以，每一種文化都形成了一種正規(guī)的方式來問候陌生人，以向他們表明我們并沒有敵意。歐美人的傳統(tǒng)是握手。他們握右手——右手對大多數(shù)人來說是最有力的。假如我們的右手正忙著與他人打招呼，我們就不可能用它來拿武器了。因此，這種手勢的意思是：“我信任你。瞧，我沒帶威脅性的武器?！奔偃缒愫蛣e人握手，就表明你信任他們。當我們達成協(xié)議時，我們握手。意思就是：“我們達成了協(xié)議，相互信任?！眮喼奕舜蛘泻羰遣唤佑|他人身體的，但經常會用到手。與人打招呼時，中國人的傳統(tǒng)方式是將右手放在左手上，稍稍躬身而行禮。穆斯林行“額手禮”，用手觸左胸、嘴巴和前額。印度人雙手交合，恭敬地行合十禮。在上述例子中，手都在忙于打招呼，不可能拿武器。即使是現(xiàn)在，有些人在非正式場合打招呼時，還會用手來表示信任對方。美國年輕人常常會用“來擊個掌吧！”的表達來打招呼。然后一個人舉起他的手，掌心向外，五指張開。另一個人同樣舉起手，拍打對方舉過頭頂?shù)氖?。這是如今很常見的打招呼的方式。身體語言對任何研究者來說都具有吸引力。人們通過姿勢傳達的信息要比通過話語傳達得更多?？纯茨愕呐笥押图胰耍囋嚹隳芊褡x懂他們的心事！eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)閱讀理解AForaslongashumanshavelivedontheearth,theyhavemadeuseofvariousformsofmunication.Generally,thisexpressionofthoughtsandfeelingshasbeenintheformoforalspeech.Whenthereisaspokenlanguageproblem,municationcanbecarriedoutthroughsignlanguage,inwhichgesturesstandforletters,words,andideas.Touristsandpeopleunabletohearorspeakhaveoftenhadtoturntothisformofexpression.Whengesturesdescribewordsorideas,theycanoftenbeusedinternationally.Whenusedforspellingwordshowever,whereeachgesturestandsforasingleletter,peoplemustsharethesamewrittenlanguage.Bodylanguagesendsideasorthoughtsbycertainactions,eithermeaningfullyornot.Awink(眨眼)canbeawayofshowingthatthepersonisonlyjoking.Anodmeansagreement,whileshakingheadindicatesdisagreement.OtherformsoflanguagecanbefoundinBraille(areadingsystemofraiseddotsreadwiththefingertipsusedbytheblind),signalflags,Morsecode,andsmokesignals.Roadmapsandpicturesignsalsoguideandwarnpeople.Whilelanguageisthemostmonformofmunication,othersystemsandtechniquesalsoexpresshumanthoughtsandfeelings.【解題導語】自從有人類以來，人們就用各種方式交流。一般來講，人們的交流方式不外乎三種：口頭語、書面語和身勢語，但還有其他的交流方式。1．Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttosay?A．Peoplecanmunicateinmanydifferentways.B．Everybodyusesonlyoneformofmunication.C．Languageisinvaluabletoforeigners.D．Non-spokenmunicationisoflittlevalue.A解析：主旨大意題。文章主要是講人們采用各種各樣的方式去交流。2．Accordingtothetext,whichpartofthebodycanbeusedtoshowyouarejoking?A．Fingers. B．Eyes.C．Head. D．Feet.B解析：細節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中的“Awink(眨眼)canbeawayofshowingthatthepersonisonlyjoking.”可知B項正確。3．WhatCAN’Tbeeffectivelymunicatedbysignlanguagewhenpeoplebelongtodifferentlanguagegroups?A．Spelling. B．Ideas.C．Wholewords. D.Expressions.A解析：推理判斷題。從文章內容判斷，只有spelling(拼寫)不能用身勢語進行有效的表達。4．Howmanydifferentformsofmunicationarementionedinthetext?A．Three. B．Five.C．Six. D．Nine.D解析：細節(jié)理解題。文章共敘述了九種交流方式，它們是：oralspeech,signlanguage,writtenlanguage,bodylanguageBraille,signalflags,Morsecode,smokesignals,roadmapsandpicturesigns。BHaveyouevernoticedhowAmericansfilluptheirentireglasswithiceandthenpourtheirbeverage(飲品)in,butEuropeanstaketheirdrinksatroomtemperature?IntheUS,we’vecreatedfridgesthatgiveyoucoldiceatthepressofabutton,butinBritaintheytypicallyservetheirtapwaterwarm.Thistradition—ifthat’swhatyouwanttocallit—datesbacktothe19thcentury.Duringthattime,itwasalreadymonplaceformostAmericanhomestohaveanicebox.IcewouldbeharvestedinnorthernAmericaorCanadaandshippedacrosstheAtlanticandsoldatahighpriceinBritishdepartmentstores.CanyouimagineheadingtoMacy’stotreatyourselftoablockofice?Puttingiceinyourdrinkstartedtobeesomewhatofafashion(時尚)trendforthewealthyinBritain.Somewouldputafewcubesintheirchampagneandsipontheirchilleddrinksathigh-classparties.But,likewithanyfashiontrend,iteventuallyfaded,mainlybecausetheicewasjusttooexpensive.AndevenonceiceboxesbeganappearinginhomesinBritainaswell,Britsnevertookalikingtoiceintheirdrinks.So,nexttimeyoutraveloverseas,don’tfeeloffended(冒犯)whenyourservergivesyouaneyerollwhenyouaskforicewater.【解題導語】這篇文章主要講了為什么美國人喜歡加冰飲料，而歐洲人不喜歡。5．Whohaswrittenthetext?A．AEuropean. B.AnAmerican.C．ACanadian. D.AnAsian.B解析：推理判斷題。由第一段中的“IntheUS,we’vecreatedfridgesthatgiveyoucoldiceatthepressofabutton,butinBritaintheytypicallyservetheirtapwaterwarm.”可推知作者是一位美國人，故選B。6．WhydoEuropeanstaketheirdrinksatroomtemperature?A．Becausetheyhavenofridges.B．Becausetheyhavewarmtaps.C．Becausetheyareaccustomedtoit.D．Becausetheycan’taffordice.C解析：細節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“Thistradition—ifthat’swhatyouwanttocallit—datesbacktothe19thcentury.”可知歐洲人在室溫下喝飲品是因為他們習慣于這種方式，故選C。7.WhatcanweinferaboutBrits?A．Theytreattheirgueststocolddrinks.B．TheyalwaysfollowwhatAmericansdo.C．Theydon’tknowwheretogeticeblocks.D．TheyhaveiceboxeslaterthanAmericans.D解析：推理判斷題。由第一段中的“IntheUS,we’vecreatedfridgesthatgiveyoucoldiceatthepressofabutton,butinBritaintheytypicallyservetheirtapwaterwarm.”可推知英國人使用冰箱要晚于美國人，故選D。8．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．WhyAmericanslikeicydrinkswhileEuropeansdon’t.B．Whenpeopleoverseashaveicydrinkswiththeirmeals.C．Wherepeoplecanentertainthemselveswithicydrinks.D．HowEuropeansandAmericansmakedifferentbeverage.A解析：主旨大意題。第一段中的“HaveyouevernoticedhowAmericansfilluptheirentireglasswithiceandthenpourtheirbeverage(飲品)in,butEuropeanstaketheirdrinksatroomtemperature？”作者提出這個問題，接下來分析其中的原因，所以這篇文章主要講了為什么美國人喜歡加冰飲料，而歐洲人不喜歡，故選A。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)完形填空Thetrainshakesbackandforth,itswheelsmakingaloudnoiseagainstthetracks.Outsidethewindowthefreezingcoldofwinterrules.Thecarriageisfilledwithcold,__1__passengers.Suddenlyalittleboy__2__hiswaythroughthegrown-ups’legsandsitsdownbythewindow.Heisallaloneamongthe__3__grown-ups.Whatabravechild,Ithink.Hisfather__4__tostaybythedoorbehindus.Thetrainbeginstocrawlintoatunnel.Thensomethingverystrangehappenssuddenly.The__5__littleboyslides(滑)downfromhisseatandleans(斜靠)hishandonmyknee.__6__，Ithinkthathewantsto__7__meandreturntohisfather,soIhelphimtostandup.Butinsteadheleansforwardandholdshis__8__uptowardsmine.Hewantstosaysomethingtome,Ithink.Ilowermyheadtoreceivethe__9__.Wrongagain!WhatIreceiveisa__10__kissonthecheek.Theboycalmlyreturnstohisseat,leansbackandcontinueslookingoutofthewindow.Iam__11__.Whatjusthappened?Achildkissed__12__grown-upsonthetrain!Howcananybodywanttokisssuchamanthathassomuchbeard?Soonenough,allofmyneighborsareduly__13__.Nervousandalittlesurprised,we__14__atthefather.Whenheseesourquestioning__15__ashegetsreadyforhisstop,heoffersaclue(線索)．“He’ssohappytobealive，”thefathersays.“Hehasbeenverysick.”Fatherandson__16__intothecrowdmovingtowardstheexit.Thendoorscloseandthetraingoeson.OnmycheekIcanstill__17__thechild’skiss—akissthathastriggered(觸發(fā))somesoul-searchinginsideme.Howmanygrown-ups__18__kissingeachotherfromthejoyofbeingalive?Howmanyevengivemuchthoughttotheprivilege(特權)of__19__？Thelittlekisserhadtaughtusasweetbutseriouslesson:Becareful.Youdon’tletyourself__20__beforeyourheartstops!【解題導語】本文描述了作者在干冷枯燥的火車上接受了一個陌生小孩的吻。通過這次經歷作者認識到，人一生中要始終保持一顆快樂的心。1．A.excited B．tiredC．pleased D．surprisedB解析：此處與空前的cold相順接，指“又冷、又疲勞”的旅客。2．A.feels B．fightsC．pushes D．picksC解析