2021年人教版中考英語(yǔ)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)-補(bǔ)全短文（版 帶答案）

（中考沖刺）2020-2021年人教版中考英語(yǔ)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一補(bǔ)全短文

NameGrade

第一節(jié)補(bǔ)全短文。

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從下面方框中的選項(xiàng)中,選擇適當(dāng)?shù)倪x項(xiàng)補(bǔ)全短文。

A

Doyousleepwelleverynight?Studiesshowifwehaveagoodrest,wemusthavemoreenergytostudy.At

thesametime,wewillbehealthier.

Thesleepenvironmentisveryimportanttous.Thebedroomisthemainplacewherewesleepatnight,so

itsenvironmentdirectlyaffectsthequalityofoursleep.1Soweshouldadviseourparentstopay

attentiontoourbedroomenvironment.

2.Thebedroomlightshouldbeneithertoobrightnortoodark.Ifthelightistoodark,itwillaffect

people'seyesight.Ifthelightistoobright,itcanaffectthespeedoffallingasleep.Soweshouldchooseakind

ofyellowlightthatgivesfeelingofwarmth.

3.Manyoldpeopleliketoputalotofflowersinthebedroom.Ofcoursetheseflowerscanmakeus

relaxedandfeelwell.Buttherearetoomanyplantsinthebedroom,whichcanreallyaffectpeople'ssleep

quality,4

Ourbedroomshouldbeventilated（通風(fēng)）often.5.Otherwise,wemayfinditdifficulttobreathe,

whichcanaffectoursleepquality.

A.Weshouldsleepatnightwithwindowsopen.

B.Ourbedroomshouldhaveproperlight.

C.Weshouldoftenopenthewindowsothatfreshaircancomein.

D.Thereshouldn'tbetoomanyflowersinourbedroom.

E.Andgoodsleepplaysanimportantroleinourhealth.

F.Sodon'tputtoomanyplantsinourbedroom.

B

Doyouoftenuseplasticstraws（吸管）？Youprobablyusethemtodrinklotsofthings,suchascolaormilk

tea6Theyaremadein10minutes,usedin20minutesandremainontheearthforover100yearssince

theycan'tbebrokendown（分解）easily.

Buthowdoplasticstrawsgetintotheocean?Throughhumanmistakes,theyareoftenthrowneverywhere.

Thewastemanagementinsomeareasissopoor.Allgutters（排水溝）leadtoourocean7Onceaturtle

wasfoundbleedingbecausea12-centimeter-longplasticstrawwaspushedintoitsnose.Howterrible!

8Thatisenoughtocirclenearlytwo-and-a-halftimesaroundourplanet!Ifwedidn*tactnow,there

wouldbemoreplasticintheoceanthanfishby2050.

Luckily,moreandmorepeoplearoundtheworldhaverealizedthisproblem.Theybegintoconsiderifthey

reallyneedtouseplasticstrawswhendrinkingdrinks.

Sowhatcanwedotoreduce（減少）plasticpollution?9Forexample,nexttimeyougotoa

restaurant,makesureyouorderyourdrinkwithoutastraw.Whatifpeopleneedtouseastraw?Thereare

reusablestrawsthatcanbecleanedandreusedinstead.

Starbucks（星巴克）hasstartedtoofferstrawlesslids（蓋子）andpaperstrawsinsteadofplasticstrawsin

almost1,000storesinShanghaiandShenzhen.Starbucksisnotalone.10Itishopedthatmore

businessesandcustomerswillplayapartinprotectingourenvironment.

A.Evenworse,plasticstrawskilloceanlife.

B.Soplasticstrawsmustn*tbethrownintotheocean.

C.Plasticstrawsaresmallbuttheyareabigproblem.

D.Thesimplestwayistosay''No''tosingle-useplastic,likestraws.

E.McDonald'shasalsotakenactiontoreducetheuseofplasticstraws.

F.Infact,around500millionplasticstrawsareusedeverydayintheUSalone.

C

Everyonefaceschallengesintheirlife,butsomearemoredifficultthanothers.DanielKishhadserious

problemswithhiseyeswhenhewasborn.11

Soonlater,however,hestartedtodoanamazingthing.Hestartedtomakeclickingsoundswithhistongue

tohelphimmovearound.Muchlikeabat,henowmovesaboutusingsonar.12Heandhisgroup,World

AccessfortheBlind,teachothershowtousesonar.InthisinterviewwithNationalGeographic,Kishexplains

howsonarworks.

Howdoessonarwork?

“WhenImakeaclickingsound,itmakessoundwaves.Thesewavesreflectoffsurfacesallaroundand

returntomyears.Mybrainthenprocessesthesoundsintoimages.13”

Whenyouclick,whatdoyouseeinyourmind?

“Eachclickislikeacameraflash.Imakea3Dimageofthethingsaroundmefbrhundredsoffeetinevery

direction.

Whatisitlikeridingabikeusingsonar?

“14Iclickuptotwotimespersecond,muchmorethanIusuallydo.”

Isitdangeroustomovearoundtheworldinthisway?

“Muchoftheworldlivesinfearofthingsthatwemostlyimagine.Ihaveahabitofclimbingeverything,

butIneverbrokeabone（骨頭）asakid."

Howchallengingisittoteachpeopletousesonar?

“Manystudentsaresurprisedhowquicklyresultscome.15It'sinthemind.”

A.Ifsexcitingandenjoyablebutrequiresalotoffocus.

B.Heissogoodatitthathecanrideabicycleintraffic.

C.Seeingisn'tintheeyes.

D.It'slikehavingaconversationwiththeenvironment.

E.Anddoctorstookawaybothofhiseyesbeforehewasfourteenmonthsold.

D

COVID-19（新冠病毒）hasstoppedpeoplefromworkingforseveralmonths.Inrecentdays,manypeople

havereturnedtowork.16Hereissomeadvice.

Whencommuting（通勤）

Avoidtakingpublictransport.17Ifyouhavetotakepublictransport,youshallwearafacemask

（口罩）throughtherideandtrytoavoidtouchingobjectsinthevehicles（車輛）withyourhands.

Enteringtheworkplace

Wearafacemaskandreceivebodytemperaturecheckbeforeenteringtheofficebuilding.Youmustpass

thebodytemperaturecheckbeforebeingallowedin.18Ifyouhavesignssuchasfever,pleasegotothe

feverofficeofahospitalatonce.

Usingalift

Avoidusingtheliftifyouaregoingtoorleavinglowerfloors.Usethestairsinstead.Standclearoflift

doorswhilewaiting.19

Inoffices

20Doitthreetimesadayfor15minutestohalfanhoureachtime.Youcanonlygetinfected（感

染的）ifthevirusbuildsupinlargenumbers.Freshaircanstopthevirusfrombuildingup.

Keephealthyhabitssuchaseatingahealthydiet,exercisingandgettingenoughsleep.Theycanimprove

yourimmunity（免疫力）.

A.Trytowalk,cycleordrivetoyourofficeinstead.

B.Whatstepsofprevention（預(yù)防）andcontrolareneeded?

C.Donotstandfacetofacewithpeoplewhilewaiting.

D.Openwindowstoletfreshairinduringtheday.

E.Washhandsintime.

E

Ourearthisintrouble.Ourdrinkingwaterisbecomingdirtier,andtheairisnotascleanasbefore.People

andfactoriesarepollutingtheair,rivers,lakesandseas.Youmaythinkthereisnothingyoucandotohelp.

That'snottrue.21

Carsburnoil.22SomepeoplebelievethattoomuchCO2ismakingtheearthwarmerthanever.

23ThiscansavesomeoilandproducelessCO2.

24Soturnofftheairconditioner（空調(diào)）whenyoudon'tneedtouseit.Uselightsthatsaveenergy.

Usefewerthingsthatcannotbeusedagain.Whenyoubuysomething,considerthosemadefromthingsthat

canbeusedagainfirst.

Alotofwaterisneededforashower.Sotakeshortershowers.25

Everysmallactioncanmakeabigdifferencetoourearth.Lefstakeactiontoprotectit.

A.Thiscancuttheuseofwater,

B.Airpollutionisveryserious.

C.ThiswillmakealotofCO2intotheair.

D.Sotrytowalk,rideabikeortakeabus.

E.Nobodycanplayaroleinprotectingtheearth.

F.Therearemanythingsyoucandotosavetheearth.

G.Thebiggestenergyuseathomeisforkeepingwarmorcool.

F

HowcanweprotecttheEarth?Oneproblemtosolveisclimate（氣候）change.Youmightwonderabout

climatechange.Whatisit,exactly?

GasessurroundtheEarth.26Sunlightpassesdownthroughthegases.Thegasestrap（儲(chǔ)存）the

sun*sheatandactlikeblanket.Withoutthesegases,theEarthwouldbeverycold.Thetroublecomeswhen

humansaddtoomanygasestotheatmosphere.Thegasesbuildupandtrapevenmoreheat.Thiscauses

changesinclimate.TheEarthbecomestoowarm.

27There*sanothergascausingclimatechange.Noonetalksaboutitasmuch.Itisnitrousoxide（氧

化亞氮）.Manycallitlaughinggas.Dentistsmaygivepatientsnitrousoxidesotheywillnotfeelpain.The

atmospherehassmallamountsofnitrousoxide.Butnitrousoxidecanstayintheatmospheremorethan100

yearswhichcanchangetheclimatealot.

Nitrousoxideformsnaturally.28Bacteriaarelivingorganisms（生物）madeofsinglecells.Farmers

usenitrogenfertilizer（氮月已）tohelpgrowbiggercrops.Thebacteriainthesoiltakethenitrogenfromthe

fertilizerandmakemorenitrousoxidewithit.

Sohowcanwehelp?”Numberoneistonotwastefood,"WagnerRiddle,ascientistfromCanada,said.

29ThatnumbercomesfromaU.S.universitystudy."Thereisalotthatgoesintomakingfood”,

WagnerRiddlesays.30

A.Thafsthereasonforclimatechange.

B.Itcomesfrombacteria（細(xì)菌）thatliveinthedirt.

C.Carbondioxide（二氧化碳）isonegasthattrapsheat.

D.Morethanone-thirdofallfoodcreatedintheU.S.iswasted.

E.Thesegasesreachhighintotheskyandarecalledtheatmosphere（大氣層）.

F.Sothenifit'swasted,it*sfornothing.

G

HowtoGetChildrentoStopTouchingTheirFaces

Kidsseemlikethey'realwaystouchingeverythingintheirenvironment,fromtablesandchairstodoors

andstairs.Sincethosesurfacesmayholdgerms（細(xì)菌）,youcanhelpyourchildavoidillnessbyencouraging

themnottotouchtheirfacethroughouttheday.

31.Onceyourchildisabout3yearsold,youcanbeginhavingconversationswiththemand

avoidinggerms,includingtheimportanceofwashingtheirhandsandhowtouchingtheirfacecanspread

germstotheirnoseandmouth.Whilejustknowingthisinformationprobablywon'thelpthembreakthehabit,

itcanhelpsetthegroundwork.

32.Ifyoudon'twanttocriticize什比評(píng)）yourchildwhentheyforget,itisimportanttoremind

themwhenyouseethemwiththeii*handsaroundtheirfaceormouth.Sometimes,justknowingthatthey're

doingitwillbeenoughtohelpthemstopdoingit.

33.Itcanbehardtoremembersometimes,butlookforchancestoletyourchildknowwhen

they'redoingagoodjobofkeepingtheirhandsawayfromtheirface.Encouragingwordscanbeareally

powerfulmotivation（動(dòng)機(jī)）forkidstokeeptryingwhentheyYelearningsomethingnew.

34.Childrenoftentouchtheirfacesormouthswithoutthinkingaboutit.Manytimes,itsjust

becausethey'reboredandthey'relookingforawaytoexcitethemselves.Ifyouthinkthatmightbethecase,

trygivingyourchildatoytheycanholdonto.

A.Pointoutanytimeyouseeyourchildtouchingtheirface.

B.Encourageyourchildtowashtheirfacecarefully.

C.Offeryourchildsomethingtheycanhold.

D.Explainwhyit'importantifyourchildisoldenough.

E.Praiseyourchildwhentheyaren'ttouchingtheirface.

35.Thepassageismostprobablychosenfromthepartofinanewspaper.

A.SportsB.HealthC.SportsD.Business

H

WhenIwasinmiddleschool,Itookawordprocessingclassatmytown*spubliclibrary.

Whenmymotherpickedmeup,sheaskedmehowitwas.36

Ethelwasanoldlady,whosharedherfirstnamewithmygrandmother.Shewastakingtheclasstolearn

theskillssheneededtocommunicatewithherfriendsandfamilyusingthecomputer.Duringtheperiod,we

enjoyedeachother'scompany（陪伴）.37Andshe,Iimagine,felthappythatayoungpersontookan

interestinwhatitwaslikeforhertobelearningsomethingnew.

38NowthatI'molder,Igettogrowinbothdirections,fromstartingaconversationwithanolder

personPmsittingnearonabus,toaskingmyyoungneighboraboutherafter-schooljob.

39Youngerpeopleintherelationshipcanleamfromtheviewandexperienceoftheolderpeople,

whohaveoften“beenthere,donethat”.Andtheymightalsogetamorepositive（積極的）ideaaboutgetting

oldbyspendingtimewitholderpeoplewhoarelivingtheirliveswithenergyandoptimism.

Intergenerational（隔代的）friendshipsarealsohelpfultoolderpeopleinsomeway.Feelingsof

lonelinessorsadnessarecommonamongolderpeople.40Olderpeoplemightenjoytellingstoriesthat

fascinateyoungerpeople.Theymightalsogettheopportunitytolearnandusenewskillsintechnologyand

communication.

A.Ifeltgrown-upandvaluedbythisoldlady.

B.Thesefeelingswillbeveryharmfultothem.

C.Butmakingyoungfriendscanmakeadifference.

D.Thetwoofushadnothingtosharewitheachother.

E."I'vemadeafriendandhernameisEthel/91toldherexcitedly.

F.Therearemanyadvantagesofhavinginter-generationalfriendships.

G.Afterthat,Ibeganmakingfriendswithpeopleofdifferentages.

I

It'seasytotellsomeonegoodnews,butwhataboutbadnews?Arethereanygoodwaystogivebadnews

withoutmakingpeopletooupset?41

?Saysomethinggood

Trytostarttheconversationwithsomethinggoodsothatwhatyousayisnotallbad.Forexample,UIknow

youplaysoccerverywell,butweonlyneedoneteammate.Oryoumayendtheconversationwithapromise.

"42

■43

Usewordstointroducewhatyou'regoingtosay,like"I'mreallysorry,but...”'TmafraidI'vegotsome

badnews.^^Thisgivesthelistenertimetoprepareforwhatyouwillsay.

?Trytogivereason

44.Trytoexplainthedecision:ifyouhavetocancelatripwithfriends,canyouexplainwhy?

?Useasoftfriendlyvoice

Ifyou'regivingsomeonebadnews,trytouseasoftfriendlyvoicetomakeyousoundkind.45

likeTmreallysorry.Iknowthismustbedisappointing.^^

A.Saythingstoshowyouunderstand

B.Peopleliketoknowwhythingsgowrong

C.Thefollowingwaysmighthelp

D.Prepareyourlistenerforthenews

E.I’msureyouwilljoinusinthenextgame

J

Closefriends,thinkalike?

"What!You,too?IbelievedIwastheonlyone."Haveyoueversaidsomethinglikethistosomeone?

46

Itseemsthatsimilarityoftenhelpsformfriendship.TheGreekthinkerAristotleoncesaid"Peopleregard

friendshipasamatterofsimilarity;theysaythatwelovethosewhoarelikeour-selves."47Scientists

fromUniversityofCaliforniasaidfriendshavesimilarbehaviors,ScientificAmericanreported.

Thescientistsinvited42universitystude