新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)(上冊(cè))共八種時(shí)態(tài)

PAGEPAGE1新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)（上）[八種時(shí)態(tài)]一．時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，一般將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):表示一般性，經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或一般性事實(shí)。含有be動(dòng)詞的句子Heisateacher.Thegirlisverybeautiful.TimandJackarestudents.★變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Isheateacher?Isthegirlverybeautiful?AreTimandJackstudents?★變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加notHeisnotateacher.Thegirlisnotverybeautiful.TimandJackarenotstudents.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,heis.No,heisnot.Yes,sheis.No,sheisnot.Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.不含有動(dòng)詞的句子，即含有一般動(dòng)詞的句子第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞:Helikesbooks.Shelikeshim.Thedoglikesbones.★變疑問(wèn)句在句首加does,動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵虳oeshelikebooks?Doesshelikehim?Doesthedoglikebones?★變否定句在主語(yǔ)及動(dòng)詞之間加doesn’t,動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵虷edoesn’tlikebooks.Shedoesn’tlikehim.Thedogdoesn’tlikebones.★肯定回答及否定回答：Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesn’t.Yes,shedoes.No,shedoesn’tYes,itdoes.No,itdoesn’t.注意：第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式一般在動(dòng)詞后面加S，不要和名詞復(fù)數(shù)混淆，變否定句或疑問(wèn)句時(shí)名詞復(fù)數(shù)沒(méi)有任何變化。其他人稱(chēng)及復(fù)數(shù)名詞Iwanttohaveabath.Wehavesomemeat.Thestudentslikesmartteachers.★變疑問(wèn)句在句首加doDoyouwanttohaveabath?Dowehaveanymeat?Dothestudentslikesmartteachers?★變否定句在主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間加don’t.Youdon’twanttohaveabath.Wedon’thaveanymeat.Thestudentsdon’tlikesmartteachers.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Ido.No,Idon’t.Yes,wedo.No,wedon’tYes,theydo.No,theydon’t.2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)＋be動(dòng)詞＋動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞＋其它成分（現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成見(jiàn)附錄）Wearehavinglunch.Heisreadingabook.Thedogisrunningafteracat.Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.★變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Arewehavinglunch?Ishereadingabook?Isthedogrunningafteracat?Aretheboysswimmingacrosstheriver?★變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加notWearenothavinglunch.Heisnotreadingabook.Thedogisnotrunningafteracat.Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.★特殊疑問(wèn)句：what,which,how,where,who,etc.疑問(wèn)詞＋動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)＋現(xiàn)在分詞Whatareyoudoing?Whatisshedoing?Whatisthedogdoing?(必背)沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞表示狀態(tài)，思想，感情和感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞不能表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作1.表示感覺(jué)，感官的詞see,hear,like,love,want,2.have,has當(dāng)”擁有”講時(shí)沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)3.一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事件，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday,lastnight,thedaybeforeyesterday,3daysago,含有be動(dòng)詞的句子，將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式，am,is的過(guò)去式為was，are的過(guò)去式為wereIwasatthebutcher’s.Youwereastudentayearago.Theteacherwasverybeautifultenyearsago.★變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移動(dòng)到句首Wereyouatthebutcher’s?Wereyouastudentayearago?Wastheteacherverybeautifultenyearsago?★變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加notIwasnotatthebutcher’s.Youwerenotastudentayearago.Theteacherwasnotverybeautifultenyearsago.★肯定回答否定回答Yes,Iwas.No,Iwasnot.Yes,youwere.No,youwerenot.Yes,he/shewas.No,he/shewasnot.★特殊疑問(wèn)句：Whatdidyoudo?(必背)不含有be動(dòng)詞的句子，將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式，動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式構(gòu)成見(jiàn)附錄Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.Theboywenttoarestaurant.TheSawyerslivedatKingStreetayearago.KingStreetayearago.★變疑問(wèn)句在句首加did，動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵虳idyoufinishyourhomeworkyesterday?Didtheboygotoarestaurant?DidtheSawyersliveatKingStreetayearago?KingStreetayearago?★變否定句在主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間加didnotIdidnotfinishmyhomeworkyesterday.Theboydidnotgotoarestaurant.TheSawyersdidnotliveatKingStreetayearago.KingStreetayearago.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Idid.No,Ididn’t.Yes,hedid.No,hedidn’t.Yes,theydid.No,theydidnot.4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞have,has+過(guò)去分詞用法：1)

表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作，常和just,usually,already,since等時(shí)間副詞連用Ihavejusthadlunch.(飽了，不用再吃了)Hehashadacupoftea.（不渴了，不用再喝）Theyhavealreadyhadtheirholiday.（不能再度假了）Theboyhasalreadyreadthebook.（已經(jīng)知道書(shū)的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了）2)詢(xún)問(wèn)別人是否做過(guò)某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?HaveyoubeentoBeijing?Haveheseenthefilm?3)

表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作IhavelivedinBeijingfortwentyyears.Ihaveworkedforthisschoolfor1year.4)

表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)：去過(guò)…地方，做過(guò)…事情，經(jīng)歷過(guò)…事情Ihaveneverhadabath.Ihaveneverseenafilm.Ihaveneverbeentocinema.IhaveeverbeentoParis.Havebeento表示去過(guò)，havegoneto表示去了IhavebeentoLondon.(人已經(jīng)回來(lái))HehasgonetoLondon.（人還在那里）5)

表示一種結(jié)果，一般不和時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用Ihavelostmypen.Ihavehurtmyself.Hehasbecomeateacher.Shehasbrokenmyheart.句型變化：★變疑問(wèn)句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首，變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not.e.g.Haveyoulostyourpen?Ihavenotlostmypen.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavenot.★特殊疑問(wèn)句：Whathaveyoudone?Whathashedone?一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：凡是有明確的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子為過(guò)去時(shí)注意：有些動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn)，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用錯(cuò)：I’veleftBeijingfor3days.對(duì)：IleftBeijing3daysago.Ihavebeenawayfrombeingfor3days.5.一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，經(jīng)常和tomorrow,nextyear,thedayaftertomorrow,theyearafterthenext,infivehours’time,etc.表示將來(lái)的詞聯(lián)用結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞will+動(dòng)詞原形IwillgotoAmericatomorrow.ThepilotwillflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.Jackwillmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning.★變疑問(wèn)句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首WillyougotoAmericatomorrow?WillthepilotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext?WillJackmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning?★變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加notIwillnotgotoAmericatomorrow.ThepilotwillnotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.Jackwillnotmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Iwill.No,Iwillnot.Yes,he/shewill.No,he/shewillnot.Yes,hewill.No,hewillnot.★特殊疑問(wèn)句：Whatwillyoudo?6.過(guò)去完成時(shí)：用法：在過(guò)去的時(shí)間里，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前的哪個(gè)動(dòng)作要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。結(jié)構(gòu)：had+過(guò)去分詞Aftershehadfinishedherhomework,shewentshopping.TheyhadsoldthecarbeforeIaskedtheprice.ThetrainhadleftbeforeIarrivedatthestation.After/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號(hào)，如果放在主句后則不用加?！?/p>

變疑問(wèn)句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首Hadshefinishedherhomework?★

變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加notShehadn’tfinishedherhomework.★

肯定回答及否定回答Yes,shehad.No,shehadn’t.★

特殊疑問(wèn)句：Whathadshedone?7.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,經(jīng)常用在when,while,as引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中。結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doingWhenmyhusbandwasgoingintothediningroomthismorning,hedroppedsomecoinsonthefloor.Whilewewerehavingdinner,myfatherwaswatchingTV.8．過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：woulddoShesaidshewouldgoherethenextmorning.新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)（中）[句型和詞]二．

特殊句型：therebe句型，begoingto結(jié)構(gòu)1.Begoingto結(jié)構(gòu)表示打算，準(zhǔn)備，計(jì)劃做某事★結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+goingto+動(dòng)詞原型Iamgoingtomakeabookcase.Theyaregoingtopaintit.Thefatherisgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.★變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Areyougoingtomakeabookcase?Aretheygoingtopaintit?Isthefathergoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter?★變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加notIamnotgoingtomakeabookcase.Theyaregoingtopaintit.Thefatherisnotgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.Yes,heis.No,heisnot.★特殊疑問(wèn)句Whatareyougoingtodo?Whataretheygoingtodo?Whatisthefathergoingtodo?(必背)2.Therebe句型表示哪里有什么東西(某處有某物)Thereis＋單數(shù)名詞＋表示場(chǎng)所的詞（一般為介詞詞組）Thereisabookinthisroom.ThereisapenonthetableThereare＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋表示場(chǎng)所的詞（一般為介詞詞組）Therearetwopensonthetable.Therearethreeschoolsthere.★變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Isthereabookinthisroom?Aretheretwopensonthetable?★變否定句在動(dòng)詞后面加notThereisnotabookinthisroom.Therearenottwopensonthetable.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,thereis.No,thereisnot.Yes,thereare.No,therearenot.三．問(wèn)句：一般疑問(wèn)句，特殊疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句，反意疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句，否定疑問(wèn)句2

一般疑問(wèn)句:助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)Areyouateacher?Doyouwanttohaveacupoftea?2

特殊疑問(wèn)句:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句Whatisyourname?2

選擇疑問(wèn)句:orDoyouwantbeeforlamb?2

反意疑問(wèn)句:肯定陳述句+否定疑問(wèn)部分，否定陳述部分+肯定疑問(wèn)部分Youdon’tneedthatpen,doyou?2

否定疑問(wèn)句:一般疑問(wèn)句+否定詞Aren’tyoulucky?Don’tyouwanthavearest?四．冠詞用法：a/an/the的一般用法（詳細(xì)見(jiàn)筆記）五．限定詞：some,any,many,much2

some,any修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，注意，當(dāng)期待對(duì)方的答案為肯定回答時(shí)用some2

many修飾可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，在口語(yǔ)中表示很多一般不用many,much,而用alotof,在否定句中表示很多用many,much.Ihavealotofmoney.Idon’thavemuchmoney.六．名詞：種類(lèi)，復(fù)數(shù)，名詞所有格1．名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞2不可數(shù)名詞無(wú)法分開(kāi)的東西：water,tea,bread,milk,rice（米）抽象的東西：love,beauty,coldness（寒冷）不可數(shù)名詞有以下特點(diǎn)：l.

不能用a,an修飾2.

不能加s3.和單數(shù)be動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞搭配2

可數(shù)名詞：?jiǎn)螖?shù)可數(shù)名詞要用冠詞修飾，復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要在名詞后面加s,名詞復(fù)數(shù)共有以下幾種變化：

規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則1一般情況+se.g.shell→shellsbook→books規(guī)則2以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾+ese.g.fox→foxes

church→churches,bus→buses,watch→watches規(guī)則3以o結(jié)尾+s或+ese.g.potato→potatoes,Negro→Negroes,hero→heroes,tomato→tomatoes，（口訣：黑人英雄愛(ài)吃土豆和西紅柿），剩下一般加s,radio→radios規(guī)則4以f,fe結(jié)尾的，變f,fe為vese.g.life→lives

half→halves,shelf→shelves,city→cities,wife→wives規(guī)則5以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾,變y為i+ese.g.sky→skies

fly→flies

不規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式單數(shù)manwomanfootgoosetooth復(fù)數(shù)menwomenfeetgeese

teeth單數(shù)childsheep

deer

mousefish復(fù)數(shù)children

sheepdeermicefish

七．介詞(注意總結(jié)書(shū)上詞組)八．副詞：用法及形容詞變副詞的變化u

副詞可以修飾形容詞，動(dòng)詞，副詞或整個(gè)句子。如：Thebookisverygood.Herunsfast.Shecameherequiteearly.CertainlyIwillgowithyou.u

變化：1．直接在形容詞后加-ly,careful-carefully,slow-slowly,2．以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞，把y變I,加-ly,happy-happily,lucky-luckily3．有些詞形容詞和副詞的形式相同，不需要做任何變化fast,hard,late4．有些詞加上-ly后意思與原詞相差很遠(yuǎn)：neary-nearly,high-highly,late-lately,

九．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用：can,must,may,might,need,1．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can（能夠）,must（必須）,may（可以）結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+can/must/may+動(dòng)詞原型Hecanmakethetea.Sallycanairtheroom.WecanspeakEnglish.★變疑問(wèn)句將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移到句首Canhemakethetea?CanSallyairtheroom?CanwespeakEnglish?★變否定句在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加notHecannotmakethetea.Sallycannotairtheroom.WecannotspeakEnglish.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,hecan.No,hecannot.Yes,shecan.No,shecannot.Yes,wecan.No,wecannot.★特殊疑問(wèn)句：Whatcanyoudo?(必背)注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子沒(méi)有第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的變化，不要在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞后面加S。2．Must/haveto的區(qū)別must表示必須，是主觀上覺(jué)得應(yīng)該做，haveto是不得不，是由于客觀條件逼迫的必要要做must只能用在表示現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的句子里，而havetodo可以用在任何時(shí)態(tài)3．must,may,might表示猜測(cè)：mustdo表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的猜測(cè)musthavedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的猜測(cè)musthavebeendoing表示對(duì)過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的事實(shí)的猜測(cè)may/mightdo,may/mighthavedone表示沒(méi)有任何事實(shí)依據(jù)的猜測(cè)，might的可能性更小。can’t/couldn’t表示不可能4．need用法：表示“需要”時(shí)為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，后面可以加名詞，也可以加不定式：Ineedapen.Doyouneedanybeer?No,Idon’t.Ineedtohavearest.u

Needdoing=needtobedone，表示被動(dòng)Theflowersneedwatering.Need在否定時(shí)做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用Youneedn’tgosoearly.=Youdon’tneedtogosoearly.MustIcleanthedeskrightnow?No,youneedn’t.

十．不定代詞及不定副詞：

Someanynoeverythingsomethinganythingnothingeverythingonesomeoneanyoneanythingeveryonewheresomewhereanywhereanywhereeverywherebodysomebodyanybodynobodyeverybody

Ilookedformybookeverywhere,butIcan’tfinditanywhere.Ifyouwantgosomewhere,ifyouwanttobesomeone,youmustwakeup.Help!Somebody?Anybody?Youarereallysomething.Sinceeverybodyishere,let’sbeginourclass.Wheredidyougo?Iwentnowhere.Nobodyisathome.Ihavenothingleft.新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)（下）[句型和語(yǔ)法]十一．感嘆句：What+名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!How+形容詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)Howbeautifulthegirlis!十二．

祈使句：

第二人稱(chēng)：let+其他人稱(chēng)代詞祈使句的否定，加don’t反意疑問(wèn)祈使句（第二人稱(chēng)）祈使句表示請(qǐng)求，命令，建議，邀請(qǐng)等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一律用原型，句子中通常不用主語(yǔ)，句末用驚嘆好或者句號(hào)，用降調(diào)。★肯定句動(dòng)詞原型例，Comehere,please.Godownstairs,please.Standup.Sitdown.Bequiet.Becareful.祈使句中如果有喚語(yǔ)，一定要用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，放在句首或者句尾Comein,Amy.Sitdownhere,Tom.Mary,givemeabookplease.★否定：Don't+動(dòng)詞原型Don'tcomehere.Don’tsitdown.Don’tstandup.Don’tgivemeit.letsb.doLetmepass.Letushavearest.Let’shavearest.(反意疑問(wèn))：Let’shaveawalkalongtheriver,shallwe?Letusgooutforadrink,willyou?十三．倒裝句：so/neither的倒裝eg.Hecanswim.SocanI.Ididn’tgotoclass.NeitherdidI.結(jié)構(gòu)：so/neit