電子科技大學(xué)《357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)》專業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解合集

目錄2011年電子科技大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2012年電子科技大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2013年電子科技大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2014年電子科技大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2015年電子科技大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解

2016年電子科技大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解

2011年電子科技大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解PartOneVocabulary[60min](1×30=30points)SectionAEnglishToChinese[30min]TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet.1．Hi-Fisystems【答案】組合音響2．people’sjury【答案】人民陪審團3．a(chǎn)rtificialturf【答案】人造草皮4．epistemicholism【答案】認識整體論5．round-the-clockservice【答案】通宵服務(wù)6．APEC【答案】亞太經(jīng)濟合作7．synchronoustransmission【答案】同步傳輸8．taxevasionandtaxdodging

【答案】偷稅漏稅9．diplomaticshuttle【答案】穿梭外交10．intangibleasset【答案】無形的資產(chǎn)11．braindrain【答案】人才外流12．fiber-optictelecommunication【答案】光纖通信13．treasurybond【答案】國庫債14．Achilles’heel【答案】致命的弱點15．nationalintegrity【答案】民族氣節(jié)SectionBChinesetoEnglish[30min]TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet.1．精神污染【答案】ideologicalandmoralpollution2．萬維網(wǎng)

【答案】worldwideweb(www)3．水上芭蕾【答案】figureswimming/waterballet4．問題小說【答案】novelaboutsocialissues5．物價上漲指數(shù)【答案】indexofpricerises/increases6．貨到付款【答案】cashondelivery(COD)7．保健食品【答案】HealthFood/health-carefood8．喜糖【答案】weddingcandies9．紅頭文件【答案】officialdocuments/red-headdocuments10．差額選舉【答案】acompetitiveelection/multi-candidateelection/acontestedelection11．按揭貸款【答案】mortgageloan12．知識產(chǎn)權(quán)

【答案】intellectualproperty/rights13．自由撰稿人【答案】afreelancewriter/freelancer14．溫室效應(yīng)【答案】agreenhouseeffect15．國際慣例【答案】internationalpractice/internationalusagePartTwoText[120min](2x60=120points)SectionAEnglishtoChineseTranslatethefollowingEnglishtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet.WhatisPhilosophy?ByBertrandRussellPhilosophy,asIshallunderstandtheword,issomethingintermediatebetweentheologyandscience.Liketheology,itconsistsofspeculationsonmattersastowhichdefiniteknowledgehas,sofar,beenunascertainable;butlikescience,itappealstohumanreasonratherthantoauthority,whetherthatoftraditionorthatofrevelation.Alldefiniteknowledge-soIshouldcontend-belongstoscience;alldogmaastowhatsurpassesdefiniteknowledgebelongstotheology.ButbetweentheologyandsciencethereisaNoMan’sLand,exposedtoattackfrombothsides;thisNoMan’sLandisphilosophy.Almostallthequestionsofmostinteresttospeculativemindsaresuchassciencecannotanswer,andtheconfidentanswersoftheologiansnolongerseemsoconvincingastheydidinformercenturies.Istheworlddividedintomindandmatter,and,ifso,whatismindandwhatismatter?Ismindsubjecttomatter,orisitpossessedofindependentpowers?Hastheuniverseanyunityorpurpose?Isitevolvingtowardssomegoal?Aretherereallylawsof

nature,ordowebelieveinthemonlybecauseofourinnateloveoforder?Ismanwhatheseemstotheastronomer,atinylumpofimpurecarbonandwaterimpotentlycrawlingonasmallandunimportantplanet?OrishewhatheappearstoHamlet?Isheperhapsbothatonce?Isthereawayoflivingthatisnobleandanotherthatisbase,orareallwaysoflivingmerelyfutile?Ifthereisawayoflivingthatisnoble,inwhatdoesitconsist,andhowshallweachieveit?Mustthegoodbeeternalinordertodeservetobevalued,orisitworthseekingeveniftheuniverseisinexorablymovingtowardsdeath?Istheresuchathingaswisdom,oriswhatseemssuchmerelytheultimaterefinementoffolly?Tosuchquestionsnoanswercanbefoundinthelaboratory.Theologieshaveprofessedtogiveanswers,alltoodefinite;buttheirverydefinitenesscausesmodernmindstoviewthemwithsuspicion.Thestudyingofthesequestions,ifnottheansweringofthem,isthebusinessofphilosophy.【參考譯文】哲學(xué)是什么?波特蘭·羅素哲學(xué)，就我對這個詞的理解來說，乃是某種介乎神學(xué)與科學(xué)之間的東西。它和神學(xué)一樣，包含著人類對于那些迄今仍為確切的知識所不能肯定的事物的思考；但是它又像科學(xué)一樣是訴之于人類的理性而不是訴之于權(quán)威的，不管是傳統(tǒng)的權(quán)威還是啟示的權(quán)威。一切確切的知識——我是這樣主張的——都屬于科學(xué)；一切涉及超乎確切知識之外的教條都屬于神學(xué)。但是介乎神學(xué)與科學(xué)之間還有一片受到雙方攻擊的無人之域；這片無人之域就是哲學(xué)。思辨的心靈所最感到興趣的一切問題，幾乎都是科學(xué)所不能回答的問題；而神學(xué)家們的信心百倍的答案，也已不再像它們在過去的世紀里那么令人信服了。世界是分為心和物嗎？如果是這樣，那么心是什么？物又是什么？心是從屬于物的嗎？還是它具有獨立的能力呢？宇宙有沒有任何的統(tǒng)一性或者目的呢？它是不是朝著某一個目標演進的呢？究竟有沒有自然律呢？還是我們信仰自然律僅僅是出于我們愛好秩序的天性呢？人是不是天文學(xué)家所看到的那種樣子，是由不純粹的碳和水化合成的一塊微小的東西，無能地在一個渺小而又不重要的行星上爬行著呢？還是他是哈姆雷特所看到的那種樣子呢？也許他同時是兩者嗎？有沒有一種生活方式是高貴的，而另一種是卑賤的呢？還是一切的生活方式全屬虛幻無謂呢？假如有一種生活方式是高貴的，它

所包含的內(nèi)容又是什么？我們又如何能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)它呢？善，為了能夠值得受人尊重，就必須是永恒的嗎？或者說，哪怕宇宙是堅定不移地趨向于死亡，它也還是值得加以追求的嗎？究竟有沒有智慧這樣一種東西，還是看來仿佛是智慧的東西，僅僅是極精煉的愚蠢呢？對于這些問題，在實驗室里是找不到答案的。各派神學(xué)都曾宣稱能夠做出極其確切的答案，但正是他們的這種確切性才使近代人滿腹狐疑地去觀察他們。對于這些問題的研究——如果不是對于它們的解答的話——就是哲學(xué)的業(yè)務(wù)了。SectionBChinesetoEnglishTranslatethefollowingChinesetextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet互助王蒙著I君躋身文壇，蓋有年矣，但總是紅不起來，頗感寂寞。于是，他找到了各種關(guān)系，以盛宴重禮把著名的評論家J君招待了一次。J君有感于其情之盛，慨然允諾說：“現(xiàn)在他們對你太冷落了，就是不公平！我一定要寫一篇推薦你的作品的文章，登到大報上，你的作品的優(yōu)點是……”I君不等J君說完，慌忙擺手搖頭，他說：“千萬不必!千萬不必!我只乞求您寫一篇義正詞嚴的文章把我批一個狗血淋頭！積數(shù)年之經(jīng)驗，我深知凡被您批了的，都可以風(fēng)行全國，名震環(huán)球!而您也可以獲得另一方面的美譽和利益，那才叫相反相成，相得益彰!”(246words)【參考譯文】MutualHelpByWangMengIthasbeenseveralyearssinceMr.Ihadclimbedupintheliteraryworld,buthewasstillnotverypopular.Throughvariousconnections,hemanagedtomeetthefamouscriticMr.Jandinvitehimtoasumptuousbanquet.“Theyneglectyouunfairly,”saidMr.J,movedbyMr.I’shospitality.“Iwillwritea

laudatoryessayandpublishitinaninfluentialnewspaper.Yourworkischaracterizedby...”ButbeforeMr.Jcouldfinish,Mr.Ishookhisheadandsaid,“Pleasedonotcomplimentmywork.Iimploreyoutowriteanarticledenouncingme.Accordingtomyobservationsoverthepastdozensofyears,theworksthatyoucriticizebecomepopularbothathomeandabroad.You,inturn,buildyourreputationandearnaniceincome.That’swhatwecallmutualhelp;weoppositeandcomplementaryandreinforceeachother.”

2012年電子科技大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解PartOneVocabulary[60min](1×30=30points)SectionAEnglishToChinese[30min]TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet.1．culturalidentity【答案】文化身份2．globalization【答案】全球地方化3．familiarstranger【答案】熟悉的陌生人4．TOEFL【答案】托?？荚?．domestication【答案】歸化6．parataxis【答案】意合7．functionalequivalence【答案】功能對等8．translatology

【答案】翻譯學(xué)9．postcolonialism【答案】后殖民主義10．schematheory【答案】圖式理論11．encodinganddecoding【答案】編碼和解碼12．a(chǎn)rticulation,de-articulationandre-articulation【答案】接合，解接合和再接合13．braindrain【答案】人才外流14．doublewin【答案】雙贏15．non-tariffbarrier【答案】非關(guān)稅壁壘SectionBChinesetoEnglish[30min]TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet.1．紅娘【答案】gobetween/matchmaker2．情商

【答案】emotionquotient3．第一手材料【答案】firsthandmaterial4．第二語言習(xí)得【答案】secondlanguageacquisition5．文化休克【答案】cultureshock6．網(wǎng)上沖浪【答案】internetsurfing7．經(jīng)濟大蕭條【答案】GreatDepression8．目的語【答案】targetlanguage9．地球村【答案】globalvillage10．消費青春【答案】killtheyouth11．亞文化抵抗【答案】subcultureresistance12．漢式英語

【答案】chinglish13．合資企業(yè)【答案】jointventure14．雙邊貿(mào)易【答案】bilateraltrade15．文化移情【答案】culturalempathyPartTwoText[120min](2×60=120points)SectionAEnglishtoChineseTranslatethefollowingEnglishtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet.CulturalStudiesandPostMarxismByJeremyValentineThenatureoftherelationbetweenculturalstudiesandpost-MarxismissuggestedbyStuartHallsclaimthatculturalstudieshasneverbeensubmergedwithinMarxismbutremains“withinshoutingdistanceofit.Ifthatisthecase,thenitisimportanttobearinmindthattheMarxismwhichculturalstudiesshoutsatisnotastableandunifiedobjectwhichcouldsimplybeappliedtothestudyofculture.ThiscautionisespeciallyrelevantasMarxismisacriticalmaterialistanalysiswhichtakessocialchangeasitsobject,andwhichisthereforeformedbyandwithinsocialchange.Materialismmeansthereissimplynothingmorethanthematerialworld.Marxismismaterialistbecausetheaccountsofsocialformationsitdevelopsarerootedintheprinciplethatthesocialworldisproduced,andthatproductionissociallyorganized.Marxismiscriticalbecauseitsmaterialistassumptionsunderminetheviewthatsocialformationsarenaturalorgivenbyagod.ThiscriticalapproachisalsoaimedatMarxismitself.“Post-

Marxism”issimplyatermwithwhichtocategorizethisprocess.ThetermisneededinordertodifferentiateacriticalmaterialistapproachfromadogmaticapproachwhichtendstoregardMarxismascanonical.Thereisnotsufficientspacetoexaminethevariouscomponentsofpost-Marxism,ortodemonstratethedifferentwaysinwhichthesearederivedfromthewritingsofMarxandEngles.Instead,thischapterwillfocusonadirectionwithinpost-Marxismwhichiswithinshoutingdistance,asHallputsit,ofculturalstudies.Indoingso,itwilltakethedistinguishingcharacteristicofculturalstudiestobeitsengagementwithapost-Marxianapproachwhichemphasizestheanalysisoftherelationsbetweencultureandpoliticswithdeterminatehistoricalconditionsultimatelyderivedfromcapitalism.(299words)【參考譯文】文化研究與后馬克思主義杰里米·瓦倫丁文化研究與后馬克思主義之間關(guān)系的本質(zhì)在斯圖亞特·霍爾聲稱所表明的看米，文化研究從米都沒有淹沒在馬克思主義的泥沼中，但是它仍然“在向馬克思主義開炮的同時和它保持一定的距離”。如果是那樣的話，那么重要的、牢記在心的是文化研究炮轟的馬克思主義就不是一個穩(wěn)定的、統(tǒng)一能被簡單的應(yīng)用到文化的研究中的對象了，這種警惕尤為重要。因為馬克思主義是一種批評的唯物主義分析方式，它把社會的變化看成是它的對象。同時，由此它由社會變化形成，井在社會變化中形成。唯物主義意味著單單只存在種物質(zhì)世界。馬克思主義是一種唯物主義思想，因為它發(fā)展起來的社會形構(gòu)敘述根植在社會世界所產(chǎn)生的原理之中，在社會中生產(chǎn)組織起來。馬克思是一種批評的思想，因為其唯物主義的假設(shè)破壞了社會形構(gòu)是天然的或被上帝所賦予的觀點。這種批評方法也直指馬克思主義率身?！昂篑R克思土義”僅僅是個對這個過程進行分類的術(shù)語。為了把那種試圖視馬克思主義為經(jīng)典教條的方法與一種批評的唯物主義的方法區(qū)分開米，這個術(shù)語是必要的。我們沒有足夠的空間去考察后馬克思主義各種不同的要素，或者去展示這些來自于馬克思和恩格斯作品中不同的方法。取而代之，本章將聚焦后馬克思主義中的一個領(lǐng)域．如霍爾指出的：這是一個在向馬克思主義

開炮的同時并和它保持一定距離的領(lǐng)域。為了完成這項工作，需要把文化研究與眾不同的特征看成是一種與之關(guān)切到的后馬克思主義的分析方法，最終來自資本主義的決定歷史條件中文化與政治之間種關(guān)系的分析。SectionBChinesetoEnglishTranslatethefollowingChinesetextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet.時間即生命梁實秋著最令人怵目驚心的一件事，是看著鐘表上的秒針一下一下的移動，每移動一下就是表示我們的壽命已經(jīng)縮短了一部分。再看看墻上掛著的可以一張張撕下的日歷，每天撕下一張就是表示我們的壽命又縮短了一天。因為時間即生命。沒有人不愛惜他的生命，但很少人珍視他的時間。如果現(xiàn)在有生之年做一點什么事，學(xué)一點什么學(xué)問，充實自己，幫助別人，使生命成為有意義，不虛此生，那么就不可浪費光陰。這道理人人都懂，可是很少人真能積極不懈的善于利用他的時間。(200words)【參考譯文】TimeIsLifeByLiangShiqiuItismoststartlingtohearawatchorlockclickingawaytheseconds,eachclickindicatingtheshorteningofone’slifebyalittlehit.Likewise,witheachpagetornoffthewallcalendar,one’slifeisshortenedbyanotherday.Time,therefore,islife.Nevertheless,fewpeopletreasuretheirtimeasmuchastheirlife.Timemustnotbewastedifyouwanttodoyourbitinyourremainingyearsoracquiresomeusefulknowledgetoimproveyourselfandhelpothers,sothatyourlifemayturnouttobesignificantandfruitfulAllthatisfoolproof,yetfewpeoplereallystrivetomakethebestuseoftheirtime.

2013年電子科技大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解PartOneVocabulary[60min](1×30=30points)SectionAEnglishToChinese[30min]TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet.1．culturalidentity【答案】文化身份2．foreignizationanddomestication【答案】異化與歸化3．UESTC【答案】電子科技大學(xué)4．TOEFL【答案】托?？荚?TestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage)5．functionalequivalence【答案】功能對等6．poetics【答案】詩學(xué)7．foreigncapitalflow【答案】外來流動資本8．carbonemissionreductiongoal

【答案】碳減排目標9．Internationalmonetaryfoundation【答案】國際貨幣基金會10．humanitariancrisis【答案】人道主義危機11．most-favorednationtreatment【答案】最惠國待遇12．zeitgeist【答案】時代精神13．SiliconValley【答案】硅谷14．boxoffice【答案】票房15．WAN(WideAreaNetwork)【答案】廣域網(wǎng)SectionBChinesetoEnglish[30min]TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet.1．目的語【答案】targetlanguage2．雙邊貿(mào)易

【答案】bilateraltrade3．文化移情【答案】culturalempathy4．紅樓夢【答案】thestoryofthestone5．適度從緊【答案】appropriatelytight6．(美)中期選舉【答案】MidtermElection7．房奴【答案】Homemortgageslave8．貨幣操縱國【答案】Currencymanipulator9．傷痕文學(xué)【答案】scarliterature;theliteratureofthewounded10．人間天堂【答案】(a)heavenonearth11．第三產(chǎn)業(yè)【答案】tertiaryindustry12．貿(mào)易逆差

【答案】UnfavorableBalanceofTrade13．綠色國民經(jīng)濟【答案】Greennationaleconomy14．改譯【答案】rewrittentranslation15．早戀【答案】puppylove,fallinloveatanearlyagePartTwoText[120min](2×60=120points)SectionAEnglishtoChineseTranslatethefollowingEnglishtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet.TheNatureofLanguageThenatureoflanguageisthenatureofhumanthoughtandhumanaction,forlanguageisnomorenorlessthanthetoolofbothoftheseaspectsofhumannature.Awordiseithertheshadowofanactorofanidea.Verbalsoundshavenomeaninginthemselves.Theyarethechannels,themediafortheexpressionorcommunicationofthatwhichliesoutsideofthemselves.Platohasmadecleartoushoweasyitistodeceiveourselveswithwords,tolaborunderanimpressionthatjustbecausewecanutterasoundwealsonecessarilyknowwhatwearetalkingabout.Wordsmaybeemptyvesselsandpouroutnomorethanhollowsounds.Wefinditsimpletodefinesomewordsandextremelydifficulttodefineothers.Thereasonisthatthedefinitionofawordistheexperienceitrecords.Hencethedefinitenessofadefinitionofawordisinproportiontothevividnessoftheexperience,itsmeaning.Wereadilydefinechairbecauseofourfrequentexperiencewiththeobjectofwhichthesoundisasymbol.Wedefineitintermsofourexperience,asanobjecttositin.Butadefinitionoftermslike

truth,orvirtue,orhonesty,orbeautyisamostseveretrialbecauseofthehazinessorcompletelackofexperiencesofthisnature.What,then,isthesourceofthemeaningofwords?Whatistherelationshipbetweenwords,things,andactions?Meaningbeginsasbehaviorandculminatesaslanguage.Thereismeaningasbehaviorandmeaningaslanguage.Andmeaningaslanguageistheconsequenceofmeaningasbehavior.Therecanbebehaviorwithoutlanguage,buttherecouldbenomeaningaslanguagewithoutbehavior.Thesourceofthemeaningofwordsisthusbehavior.Therelationshipbetweenbehaviorandthingsgivesrisetothemeaningofwords.Meaningisinherentneitherinthingsnorinwords,butboththingsandwordsobtaintheirmeaningfrombehavior.【參考譯文】語言與行為語言之本質(zhì)無非是人類思維和人類行為之本質(zhì)，因為語言不過是人類這兩個屬性的工具而已。一個單詞要么是一個行為的影子，要么就是一個觀念的影子，言語聲音本身沒有意義。它們是實現(xiàn)表達或交流外部世界之通道或媒介。柏拉圖曾經(jīng)向我們明確地表示：我們自己是多么容易被語詞所欺騙。我們總是自欺欺人地認為，因為我們能夠發(fā)出聲音，我們也因此一定知道我們在談?wù)撝裁?。言語是空虛的容器。倒出來的只是空洞無物的聲音。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，某些單詞很容易理解，而其他一些單詞卻難以理解。原因在于一個單詞的意義是它所記載的經(jīng)驗。因此，一個單詞之定義的確切性要與它所傳選的經(jīng)驗之生動性成正比，這就是它的意義。我們之所以很容易給椅子下定義，是因為我們經(jīng)常與聲音這個符號所代表的對象發(fā)生關(guān)系。我們是根據(jù)我們的經(jīng)驗來界定椅子，并把它作為一個坐的對象。但是，若要對像真理或美德或誠實或美這樣的詞項下定義，卻是一個非常嚴肅的考驗。因為我們對這些詞項的性質(zhì)感到非常模糊或完全缺乏經(jīng)驗。那么，什么是單詞之意義的源泉呢？單詞、事物和行為之間又具有什么樣的關(guān)系呢？意義肇始于行為，終極于語言。因此而有所謂作為行為之意義和作為語言之意義。語言的意義伴隨著行為之意義而到來。行為可以沒有語言，

但不可能脫離行為而有語言之意義。因此行為是單詞的意義之源泉。單詞之意義產(chǎn)生于行為和事物之間的關(guān)系。意義不是事物所固有的，也不是單詞所固有的。無論是事物還是單詞，它們都是從行為中獲得它們的意義。SectionBChinesetoEnglishTranslatethefollowingChinesetextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet.選自《紅樓夢》第九回曹雪芹著原來這義學(xué)也離家不遠，原系當日始祖所立，恐族中子弟有力不能延師者，即入此中讀書。凡族中為官者皆有幫助銀兩，以為學(xué)中膏火之費，舉年高有德之人為塾師傅。如今秦、寶二人來了，一一的都互相拜見過，讀起書來。自此后，二人同來同往同起同坐，愈加親密。兼賈母愛惜，也常留下秦鐘一住三五天，和自己重孫一般看待。因見秦鐘家中不甚寬裕，又助些衣服等物。不上一兩月工夫，秦鐘在榮府里便慣熟了。寶玉終是個不能安分守理的人，一味的隨心所欲，因此發(fā)了脾性，又向秦鐘悄說：“咱們兩個人，一樣的年紀，況又同窗，以后不必論叔侄，只論弟兄朋友就是了。”先是秦鐘不敢，寶玉不從，只叫他“兄弟”，叫他表字“鯨卿”，秦鐘也只得混著亂叫起來?！緟⒖甲g文】TheJiaclanschoolwassituatedatnogreatdistancefromRongHouse.Itwasacharitablefoundationwhichhadbeenestablishedmanyyearspreviouslybythefounderofthefamilyandwasdesignedforthesonsandyoungerbrothersofthosemembersoftheclanwhocouldnotaffordtopayforprivatetuition.Allmembersoftheclanholdingofficialpostswereexpectedtocontributetowardsitsexpensesandmembersofadvancedyearsandknownintegritywerechosentobeitsmasters.AssoonasBaoyuandQinZhongarrivedtheywereintroducedtotheotherstudentsandthensettoworkatonceontheirlessons.Fromnowonthetwofriendswereinseparable,arrivingatschoolandleaving

schooltogetherandsittingbesideeachotherinclass.GrandmotherJiaherselfbecameveryfondofQinZhong.Shewasalwayshavinghimtostayforthreeorfournightsatatimeandtreatedhimexactlyasifhewereoneofbetowngreat-grandchildren.Andbecausesherealizedthathisfamilywasverywelloff,shefrequentlyhelpedoutwithclothesandthelike.WithinamonthortwohewasafamiliarandacceptedmemberoftheRongHouse.Baoyuhadalwaysbeenimpatientofsocialconventions,preferringtoletsentimentratherthanconventiondictatethetermsofhisrelationships.ItwasthiswhichnowpromptedhimtomakeQinZhongthefollowingproposal:“YouandIareschoolmatesandprettymuchthesameage.Letusfutureforgetallthis“uncle”“nephew”businessandadduceseachotherexactlylikefriendsorbrothers!”Qinwasatfirsttootimidtocomply;betasBaoyupersistedandwentoncallinghim“brother”or“Jing-qing”(whichwashisschools’name)wheneverhespoketohim,QinZhonghimselfgraduallyfellintothehabitofaddressingBaoyuasanequal.

2014年電子科技大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解PartOneVocabulary[60min](1×30=30points)SectionAEnglishToChinese[30min]TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet.1．FTZ(FreeTradeZone)【答案】自由貿(mào)易區(qū)2．ADIZ(AirDefenseIdentificationZone)【答案】防空識別區(qū)3．costprinciple【答案】成本原則4．third-partycustodians【答案】第三方托管5．foreignexchangereserve【答案】外匯儲備6．blinddate【答案】相親7．departuregate【答案】登機口8．IndependenceDay

【答案】獨立日9．playeroftheyear【答案】年度最佳球員10．storminateacup【答案】大驚小怪11．smartphone【答案】智能手機12．federalshutdown【答案】聯(lián)邦政府關(guān)閉13．WorldHeritageList【答案】世界遺產(chǎn)名錄14．simultaneousinterpreting【答案】同聲傳譯15．culturalturn【答案】文化轉(zhuǎn)向SectionBChinesetoEnglishTranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonAnswersheet.1．信息共享平臺【答案】information-sharingplatform2．核心競爭力

【答案】corecompetitivepower3．春運【答案】SpringFestivaltravelrush4．過境免簽【答案】transitwithoutvisa5．人才流失【答案】braindrain6．合同違約【答案】breachofcontract7．退休金雙軌制【答案】thedualsystemofpension8．素質(zhì)教育【答案】quality-orientededucation9．自主創(chuàng)業(yè)【答案】self-employed10．申報個人財產(chǎn)【答案】declare/reportpersonalassets11．對口支援【答案】partnerassistance12．宜居城市

【答案】livablecity13．律詩【答案】regulatedverses14．計算機輔助翻譯【答案】computer-aidedtranslation15．音譯【答案】transliterationPartTwoText(2x60=120points)SectionAEnglishtoChineseTranslatethefollowingEnglishtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonAnswersheet.WhatisPoetry?Everytruthwhichahumanbeingcanenunciate,everythought,eveneveryoutwardimpression,whichcanenterintohisconsciousness,maybecomepoetry,whenshownthroughanyimpassionedmedium;wheninvestedwiththecoloringofjoy,orgrief,orpity,oraffection,oradmiration,orreverence,orawe,orevenhatredorterror;and,unlesssocolored,nothing,beitasinterestingasitmay,ispoetry.Eloquence,aswellaspoetry,isimpassionedtruth;eloquence,aswellaspoetry,isthoughtscoloredbythefeelings.Aquestionwillsometimesarise,whethersomeparticularauthorisapoet;andthosewhomaintainthenegativecommonlyallowthat,thoughnotapoet,heisahighlyeloquentwriter.Poetryandeloquencearebothaliketheexpressionorutteranceoffeeling;but,ifwemaybeexcusedtheantithesis,weshouldsaythateloquenceisheard;poetryisoverheard.Eloquencesupposesanaudience.Thepeculiarityofpoetryappearstoustolieinthepoet’sutterunconsciousnessofalistener.Poetryisfeelingconfessingitselftoitselfinmomentsofsolitude,and

embodyingitselfinsymbolswhicharethenearestpossiblerepresentationsofthefeelingintheexactshapeinwhichitexistsinthepoetsmind.Eloquenceisfeelingpouringitselfouttootherminds,courtingtheirsympathy,orendeavoringtoinfluencetheirbelief,ormovethemtopassionortoaction.Poetryisthenaturalfruitofsolitudeandmeditation;eloquence,ofintercoursewiththeworld.Thepersonswhohavemostfeelingoftheirown,ifintellectualculturehasgiventhemalanguageinwhichtoexpressit,havethehighestfacultyofpoetry:thosewhobestunderstandthefeelingsofothersarethemosteloquent.Thepersonsandthenationswhocommonlyexcelinpoetryarethosewhosecharacterandtastesrenderthemleastdependentupontheapplauseorsympathyorconcurrenceoftheworldingeneral.Thosetowhomthatapplause,thatsympathy,thatconcurrence,aremostnecessary,generallyexcelmostineloquence.【參考譯文】詩歌是什么？人類能清晰說出的每個真理，人類意識深處的每種思想，每種外露的表情，都可能成為詩。當通過任何激動人心的媒介表現(xiàn)出來，當被賦予歡樂、悲傷、憐憫、愛慕、敬畏、敬畏甚至仇恨或恐懼的色彩時，除非它如此多彩，否則，無論它是多么有趣，都是詩歌。雄辯和詩歌一樣，是充滿激情的真理；雄辯和詩歌一樣，都是充滿感情的思想。有時候人們會疑惑某些作家是否是詩人，而那些持否定態(tài)度的人通常認為，盡管他不是詩人，但他卻是一位能言善辯的作家。詩歌與雄辯都是情感的表達，不過，如果我們要找它們的對立面的話，我們可以說雄辯是被聆聽的，而詩歌是偶然間聽到的。雄辯假設(shè)有觀眾在聽，而詩歌的獨特之處似乎是詩人在表達時沒有意識到聽眾的存在。詩歌是詩人在孤獨的心理獨白，這些獨白以符號的形式表現(xiàn)出來，而這種符號表現(xiàn)正是詩人思想中最精確的形式。雄辯是向其他人傾訴自己的感情，尋求他們的同情，或試圖影響他們的信仰，或?qū)⑺麄兺葡蚣で榛蛐袆印Ｔ姼枋枪陋毰c沉思的自然產(chǎn)物，而口才是與世界交往的產(chǎn)物。個人情感豐富的人，如果知識文化環(huán)境為他們提供能抒發(fā)情感的語言，那他們就具有詩歌表達的最高能力；而那些最能體會他人感受的人就是最有雄辯

才能的人。在詩歌中通常表現(xiàn)出色的人和民族，他們的性格和品味使他們最不需要依賴這世界上的掌聲、同情或贊同。那些最需要掌聲、同情、贊同的人，通常是那些最雄辯的人。SectionBChinesetoEnglishTranslatethefollowingChinesetextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonAnswersheet.選自《浮生六記》沈復(fù)著余性爽直，落拓不羈，蕓若腐儒，迂拘多禮，偶為披衣整袖，必連聲道“得罪”，或遞巾授扇，必起身來接。余始厭之，曰:“卿欲以禮縛我耶?語曰，‘禮多必詐’?！笔|兩頰發(fā)赤，曰:“恭而有禮，何反言詐?”余曰:“恭敬在心，不在虛文。”蕓曰:“至親莫如父母，可內(nèi)敬在心而外肆狂放耶?”余曰:“前言戲之耳?！笔|曰:“世間反目多由戲起，后勿冤妾，令人郁死!”余乃挽之入懷，撫慰之始解顏為笑。鄰僅老夫婦二人，灌園為業(yè)，知余夫婦避暑于此，先來通殷勤，并釣池魚，摘園蔬為饋。償其價，不受，蕓作鞋報之，始謝而受。時方七月，綠樹陰濃，水面風(fēng)來，蟬鳴聒耳。鄰老又為制魚竿，與蕓垂釣于柳陰深處。日落時，登土山，觀晚霞夕照，隨意聯(lián)吟，有“獸云吞落日，弓月彈流星”之句?！緟⒖甲g文】I’mbynatureunconventionalandstraightforward.ButYunwassticklerforforms,liketheConfucianschoolmaster.WheneverIputonadressforher,ortieduphersleeves,shewouldsay“Somuchobliged”againandagainandwhenIpassedheratowelorfan,shewouldalwaysstanduptoreceiveit.Atfirst,Idislikeditandsaidtoher,“Doyoumeantotiemedownwithalltheceremonies?Thereisaproverbwhichsays,‘Onewhoisexcessivelycourteousiscrafty.’”Yunblushedandsaid,“I’mmerelytryingtobepoliteandrespectful,whydoyouchargemewithcraftiness?”“Truerespectisintheheart,anddoesnotrequiresuchemptyforms,”saidI.ButYunsaid,“Thereisnomoreintimaterelationshipthanthatbetweenchildrenandtheir

parents.Doyoumeantosaythatchildrenshouldbehavefreelytowardstheirparentsandkeeptheirrespectsonlyinheart?”“Oh!Iwasonlyjoking,”saidI.“Thetroubleis,”saidYun,“mostmaritaltroublesbeginwithjoking.Don’tyouaccusemeofdisrespectlater,forIshalldieofgriefwithoutbeingabletodefendmyself.”ThenIheldherclosetomybreastandcaressedheruntilshesmiled.Ouronlyneighborswereanoldcouplewhoraisedvegetablesforthemarket.Theyknewthatweweregoingtostaythereforthesummer,andcameandcalleduponus,bringingussomefishfromthepondandsomevegetablesfromtheirownfields.Weofferedtopaythem,buttheywouldn’ttakeanymoney,andafterwards,Yunmadeapairofshoesforeachofthem,whichtheywerefinallypersuadedtoaccept.Thiswasintheseventhmonthwhentreescastagreenshadeovertheplace.Thesummerbreezeblowoverthepondwater,andcicadasfilledtheairwiththeirsingingthewholeday.Ouroldneighboralsomadearodforus,andweusedtoangletogetherundertheshadeofthewillowtrees.Laterintheafternoon,wewouldgouponthemoundtohavealookattheeveningglowandcomposelinesofpoetry,whenwefeltsoinclined.Twoofthebestlineswere“Beastcloudsswallowthesinkingsun,andthebow-moonshootsthefallingstars.”

2015年電子科技大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解I.Directions:Translatethefollowingwords,abbreviationsorterminologyintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.Therearealtogether30itemsinthispartofthetest,15inEnglishand15inChinese,withonepointforeach.(30points)1．VR【答案】虛擬現(xiàn)實（virtualreality）2．conditions-basedwithdrawal【答案】有條件撤軍3．UESTC【答案】電子科技大學(xué)（UniversityofElectronicScienceandTechnologyofChina）4．ATM【答案】自動取款機（automatedtellermachine）5．dynamicequivalence【答案】動態(tài)對等6．magicrealismliterature【答案】魔幻現(xiàn)實主義文學(xué)7．foreigncapitalflow【答案】外資流動8．carbonemissionreductiongoal

【答案】碳減排目標9．InternationalMonetaryFoundation【答案】國際貨幣基金組織10．WutheringHeights【答案】《呼嘯山莊》11．most-favorednationtreatment【答案】最惠國待遇12．SocietySecurityNumber【答案】美國社會安全號13．GDP【答案】國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（GrossDomesticProduct）14．GRE【答案】美國研究生入學(xué)考試（GraduateRecordExamination）15．WAN(WideAreaNetwork)【答案】廣域網(wǎng)16．工商管理碩士【答案】MBA(MasterofBusinessAdministration)17．雅思【答案】IELTS(InternationalEnglishLanguageTestingSystem)18．文化移情

【答案】culturaltransference19．全國翻譯資格考試【答案】CATTI(ChinaAccreditationTestforTranslatorsandInterpreters)20．短消息服務(wù)業(yè)務(wù)【答案】SMS(shortmessageservice)21．(美)中期選舉【答案】mid-termelection22．中美洲自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定【答案】CAFTA(CentralAmericanFreeTradeAgreement)23．貨幣操縱國【答案】currencymanipulator24．轉(zhuǎn)基因食品【答案】GMF(geneticallymodifiedfood)25．自主創(chuàng)新能力【答案】capabilityofindependentinnovation26．與時俱進【答案】advance/keepupwiththetimes27．貿(mào)易逆差【答案】tradedeficit28．綠色國民經(jīng)濟

【答案】greennationaleconomy29．風(fēng)險投資【答案】venturecapital30．早戀【答案】puppyloveII.Directions:Translatethefollowingfoursourcetextsintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.IfthesourcetextisinEnglish,itstargetlanguageisChinese.IfthesourcetextisinChinese,itstargetlanguageisEnglish(120points)SourceText1(30points)Manypeoplebelievethattheywillbehappyoncetheyarriveatsomespecificgoaltheysetforthemselves.However,moreoftenthannot,onceyouarrivethereyouwillstillfeeldissatisfied,andmoveyour“there”visiontoyetanotherpointinthefuture.Byalwayschasingafteranotherthere,youareneverreallyappreciatingwhatyoualreadyhaverighthere.Itisimportantforhumanbeingstokeepsober-mindedabouttheage-olddrivetolookbeyondtheplacewhereyounowstand.Ononehand,yourlifeisenhancedbyyourdreamsandaspirations.Ontheotherhand,thesedrivescanpullyoufartherandfartherfromyourenjoymentofyourliferightnow.Bylearningthelessonsofgratitudeandabundance,youcanbringyourselfclosertofulfillingthechallengeoflivinginthepresent.【參考譯文】許多人都相信，一旦他們達到了自己所設(shè)定的某個特定目標，他們就會開心、快樂。然而事實往往是，當你到達彼岸時，你還是不知足、不滿意，而且又有了新的彼岸——新的幻想和憧憬。由于你總是疲于追逐一個又一個的彼岸，你從未真正欣賞、珍惜你已經(jīng)擁有的一切。不安于現(xiàn)狀的欲望人皆有之，由來已久，但重要的是要對它保持清醒的頭腦。一方面，你的生活因為夢想和渴望而更加精彩。另一方面，這些欲望又使你越來越不懂得珍惜和感受現(xiàn)在擁有的生活。假如你能懂得感恩，學(xué)會

知足，你就接近實現(xiàn)生活在現(xiàn)實中提出的要求。SourceText2(30points)Oncelearningstops,vegetationsetsin.Itisacommonfallacytoregardschoolastheonlyworkshopfortheacquisitionofknowledge.Onthecontrary,learningshouldbeanever-endingprocess,fromthecradletothegrave.Withtheworldeverchangingsofast,theceasefromlearningforjustafewdayswillmakeapersonlagbehind.Whatsworse,theanimalisticinstinctdormantdeepinoursub-consciousnesswillcometolife,weakeningourwilltopursueournobleideal,sappingourdeterminationtosweepawayobstaclestooursuccessandstranglingourdesirefortherefinementofourcharacter.Lackoflearningwillinevitablyleadtothestagnationofthemind,orevenworse,itsfossilization.Therefore,tostaymentallyyoung,wehavetotakelearningasalifelongcareer.【參考譯文】一旦學(xué)習(xí)停止，單調(diào)貧乏的生活就開始了。視學(xué)校為汲取知識的唯一場所是種常見的謬誤。相反地，學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)該是一種無終止的歷程，從生到死。由于世界一直快速地在變動，只要學(xué)習(xí)停頓數(shù)日就將使人落后。更糟的是，蟄伏在我們潛意識深處的獸性本能就會復(fù)活，削弱我們追求高貴理想的意志，弱化我們掃除成功障礙的決心