陜西省西安市蓮湖區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期11月期中英語試題【含答案解析】

高二英語期中考試質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)注意事項(xiàng)：1．答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2．回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A．￡19.15.B．￡9.18.C．￡9.15.答案是C。1．Howwillthewomangettotheairport?A．Bysubway.B．Bytaxi.C．Bycar.2．Whatwillthemandolater?A．Buyvegetables.B．Cookdinner.C．Eatout.3．WhenisDr.Brownfreetoday?A．At10:15pm.B．At11:15am.C．At2:30pm.4．Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A．Ataclothesshop.B．Atschool.C．Attheman’shouse.5．Howmanylanguagesisthemanlearningnow?A．One.B．Two.C．Three.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Whattimeisitnow?A．7:00pm.B．7:10pm.C．7:30pm.7．WhyisSaracoming?A．Toattendaparty.B．Todobabysittingwork.C．Todeliverashirt.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8．What’swrongwithSam?A．Hegotseriouslyill.B．Helosthismotorbike.C．Hewashitbyacar.9．Wherewillthemangothisafternoon?A．Tothepolicestation.B．Tothehospital.C．ToSam’shome.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10．Whatisthewomandoing?A．Askingforadvice.B．Givinganinterview.C．Introducingherfamily.11．Whomightthewomanbetalkingto?A．Auniversitystudent.B．Aprivateresearcher.C．Aschoolteacher.12．Whatwillthewomandotonight?A．Interviewmorepeople.B．Preparesomequestions.C．Chooseanothertopic.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13．WhodoesJimwanttosendaletterto?A．Lucy.B．Hissister.C．Hisfriend.14．Whenaretheygoingtomeettomorrowmorning?A．At7:00.B．At7:30.C．At8:00.15．Whatdotheyneedtobuyforthepicnic?A．Fastfood.B．Fruitandvegetable.C．Foodanddrink.16．Whatwillthespeakersdothisafternoon?A．Goshoppingtogether.B．Haveapicnicintheforest.C．Meetoutsidetheparkgate.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17．InwhichpartofMinnesotawillthestormstart?A．TheeasternpartB．Thesouthernpart.C．Thenorthernpart.18．WhenwillthestormgettotheEastCoast?A．OnWednesday.B．OnThursday.C．OnFriday.19．HowdeepwillthesnowbeinthemountainsofNewYork?A．Abouttwelveinches.B．Abouteightinches.C．Aboutfourinches.20．Whatshouldpeoplepaythemostattentionto?A．Theheavysnowfalls.B．Thelowtemperatures.C．Thehighwinds.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWhetheryou’retravelingwithteensorkids,there’sanoptionforyoubelow.JamaicaJamaicaisapreferredplacewhenitcomestofamilyvacationsforareason.Yes,thereareamazinglybluewatersandextensivesandybeaches—alsothere’splentyofadventurestobehad.PuttingupnightsattheRoyaltonNegril,youdon’tevenneedtoleavetheresorttoentertainyourfamily,sincethere’saminiwaterparkandkids’clubonsite.PuertoRicoPuertoRicoisgreatforAmericanfamiliesinneedofaneasygetaway,sinceUScitizensdon’tneedapassporttovisit.Aftersometimeontheisland’sbeautifulbeaches,exploretheUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteofOldSanJuan,whichisjusttwohoursfromMiamiandlessthanfourhoursfromNewYorkCity,byplane.DominicaFamilieswithactiveteensshouldheadtoDominicaforanoff-the-beaten-pathexperience.TheyoungestCaribbeanislandatjust26millionyearsold,it’snicknamedtheNatureIslandforitsthickrainforests,plentifulwaterfalls,andvolcano-fedhotsprings.Theislandisalsohometoone-of-a-kindattractionsliketheWaitukubuliSeaTrail—theonlyseakayaking（皮劃艇）trailintheCaribbean.BarbadosIfyouwantyourbeachvacationwithasideofhistory,headtoBarbados.Beyonditsgreatnaturalsetting,theislandhasanabundanceofculturalexperiencesthatareengagingandeducationalforadultsandchildrenalike.ExplorethecolonialarchitectureinBridgetown,tourtheBarbadosMuseum&HistoricalSociety,orappreciateworksbylocalartistsintheGalleryofCaribbeanArtinSpeightstown.1.WhatcankidsdoattheRoyaltonNegril?A.Havefuninthewaterpark. B.Appreciateworksbylocalartists.C.Experienceoff-the-beaten-path. D.ExploretheUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.2.WhatmakesiteasyforAmericanfamiliestovisitPuertoRico?A.Thesimilarculture. B.Thesamelanguage.C.Convenienttrafficmeans. D.Norequestforpassports.3.Thosewhowanttoexperienceculturalbeachtravelcanchoose______.A.Jamaica B.PuertoRico C.Barbados D.Dominica【答案】1.A2.D3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文主要介紹了四個(gè)適合和孩子一起去的旅游目的地。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Jamaica標(biāo)題下的最后一句話“PuttingupnightsattheRoyaltonNegril,youdon’tevenneedtoleavetheresorttoentertainyourfamily,sincethere’saminiwaterparkandkids’clubonsite.(在RoyaltonNegril過夜，你甚至不需要離開度假村去娛樂你的家人，因?yàn)檫@里有一個(gè)迷你水上公園和兒童俱樂部)”可知，孩子們可以在RoyaltonNegril的水上公園愉快地玩耍。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PuertoRico標(biāo)題下的第一句話“PuertoRicoisgreatforAmericanfamiliesinneedofaneasygetaway,sinceUScitizensdon’tneedapassporttovisit.(波多黎各非常適合需要輕松度假的美國(guó)家庭，因?yàn)槊绹?guó)公民不需要護(hù)照就可以訪問)”可知，美國(guó)公民不要護(hù)照就可以訪問PuertoRico，這讓美國(guó)人能夠輕松的去波多黎各游玩。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Barbados標(biāo)題下的第一、二句話“Ifyouwantyourbeachvacationwithasideofhistory,headtoBarbados.Beyonditsgreatnaturalsetting,theislandhasanabundanceofculturalexperiencesthatareengagingandeducationalforadultsandchildrenalike.(如果你想帶著歷史的一面去海灘度假，那就去巴巴多斯吧。除了絕佳的自然環(huán)境外，該島還有豐富的文化體驗(yàn)，對(duì)成人和兒童都很有吸引力和教育意義)”可知，那些想體驗(yàn)文化海灘旅行的人可以選擇Barbados。故選C。BInrecentfastpacedlife,thedemandsandpressuresofworkleftmefeelingmentallyandphysicallystressed.Idecidedtodisconnectfrommyjobforawhileforamentalbreak.Asanaturelover,withoutanydelay,IcametoBorneo,theworld’sthirdlargestisland.Uponarrival,alocalofferedtobemyguide,whichwasagreatbonusforme.HeledmethroughthejungleandIwasimmersedintheexploration.Oneday,theguideturnedoffthesmoothroadandtookmeacrossaroughhillsideinstead.Wepickedourwaygingerlywhensuddenly,aRafflesia(大王花)appearedintomyviewamongthosestones.Morethandelighted,Ibentdownandputmynosepracticallytofeeltheflower’sspecialflavour.AsIwasapproachingtheendofmytrip,therewasanotherthinghighlightingmytrip.Wehappenedtoencounterthekingofthecrocodile(鱷魚),asaltwatercrocodile,whichcangrowtoalengthof6meters.Itwasgettingdark.Whenweshoneaflashlighttowardsthemuddyshore,littlesoundsemergedinthedarknessasifsomethingunseenunderwaterhadbrokenthemud.Takingasecondlook,wespottedtwogreedyeyesjustabovethewaterline.Cautiously,weapproacheditandfinallycouldfigureoutitwasababycrocodile.Thoughalarmed,IcouldproudlytalkbigthatIhadencounteredahungrycrocodileinthewildandlivedtoback.ThoughIhavesettledbackintotheroutineofeverydaylifenow,theexperiencestayslongafterthephysicaljourneyended.Ihavelearnedtofacelife’schallengeswitharenewedoutlook.Despitetheratraceofdailyexistence,trytosparetimetospotthebreathtakingbeautyofnatureandtheheartfeltconnectionswithothers.Theworldoutthereissofascinating.4.WhydidtheauthorgotoBorneo?A.Toconnectbetterwithhiswork.B.Torelievehimselfofthepressures.C.Tokeepanappointmentwithalocalguide.D.Torewardhimselfforhispromotioninjob.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gingerly”inparagraph2mean?A.Patiently. B.Roughly. C.Cautiously. D.Rapidly.6.Whatisthetoneoftheauthorwhenrecallingthesaltwatercrocodilehemet?A.Critical. B.Instructive. C.Regretful. D.Humorous.7.Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodointhelastparagraph?A.Keepabalancebetweenlifeandwork.B.Battlewithchallengesfromlifeandwork.C.Researchyourdestinationsaheadoftime.D.Learnmoreabouttravelsafetyknowledge.【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文。為了緩解工作上的壓力，作者來到了加里曼丹島旅行，并從旅行中得到感悟?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Inrecentfastpacedlife,thedemandsandpressuresofworkleftmefeelingmentallyandphysicallystressed.Idecidedtodisconnectfrommyjobforawhileforamentalbreak.Asanaturelover,withoutanydelay,IcametoBorneo,theworld’sthirdlargestisland.(在最近快節(jié)奏的生活中，工作的要求和壓力讓我感到身心壓力。我決定暫時(shí)中斷工作，暫時(shí)休息一下。作為一名自然愛好者，我毫不拖延地來到了世界第三大島婆羅洲。)”可知，工作的壓力讓我感到身心俱疲，于是，作者決定放下工作，好好休息一下，所以作者來到了婆羅洲。故選B?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中“Oneday,theguideturnedoffthesmoothroadandtookmeacrossaroughhillsideinstead.(一天，導(dǎo)游離開了平坦的道路，帶我穿過了一個(gè)崎嶇的山坡。)”可知，這個(gè)導(dǎo)游沒有走平坦的小路，而是帶作者橫穿崎嶇的山坡。于是，作者小心翼翼地走著。根據(jù)語境可知，gingerly意為“謹(jǐn)慎地”。故選C。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thoughalarmed,IcouldproudlytalkbigthatIhadencounteredahungrycrocodileinthewildandlivedtoback.(雖然很驚慌，但我可以驕傲地大張旗鼓地說，我在野外遇到了一只饑餓的鱷魚，并活了下來。)”可知，作者可以驕傲地吹牛說自己在野外遇到過饑餓的鱷魚，而且還活了下來。這是一種詼諧的語氣。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Despitetheratraceofdailyexistence,trytosparetimetospotthebreathtakingbeautyofnatureandtheheartfeltconnectionswithothers.(拋開日常生活的激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，試著抽出時(shí)間去欣賞令人驚嘆的大自然之美，與他人建立真誠(chéng)的聯(lián)系。)”可知，人們盡管每天都要忙于奔波，但還是要盡量抽出時(shí)間來發(fā)現(xiàn)大自然的美，在生活和工作之間保持平衡。故選A。CIn2018RussianscientiststookasoilsamplefromdeepinthepermanentlyfrozengroundinSiberiainRussia.Theydiscoveredtwotinyroundnematodes(線蟲)frozeninthesample,whichweresosmallthattheycouldonlybeseenwithamicroscope.Testsshowedthesoilhadbeenfrozenforabout46,000yearsold.Whenthenematodeswereplacedinroomtemperature,theybegantomove.Thenematodesaretheoldestlivinganimalseverbroughtbacktolifeafterbeingfrozen.Thediscoverymakesupfortheresearchonhowlivingthingscansurviveintoughconditions.Nematodescanliveforyearsifthey’refrozen.Theycanenteraspecialstatecalledcryptobiosis(隱生現(xiàn)象),duringwhichanimalsreducetheiractivitiesandconsumeverylittleenergy.Beforethis,thelongestnematodehadbeenknowntosurvivethroughcryptobiosiswasabout25years.Beingrevivedafter46,000yearswasanewrecordforanykindofanimal.ThenematodesweresentofftoGermanytobestudiedfurther.Theresearchersfoundthetwonematodeswereanewspeciesofnematodethathadnotyetbeendiscovered.That’snottoosurprising,sincetherearesomanyspeciesofnematodes.Theyalsofoundthenematodeswereabletosurvivebeingfrozenbetteriftheyweredriedoutalittlefirst.Thedryinghelpedthemproduceaspecialsugarcalledtrehalose(海藻糖),whichhelpedthemsurvivebeingfrozen.Thescientistsalsostudiedanematodespeciesthatiscommonthesedays.Theyfoundthatitalsousesthesugartoprotectitselfincryptobiosis.Bothofthenematodeswerefemales.Beforelong,theybegantohavebabies.Somekindsofnematodes,includingthese,havetheabilityforasinglenematodetohavebabiesallbyitself.Thetwooriginalfrozennematodeshavenowdied.Buttheirbabieshadbabieswhohadbabies,andsoon.Mostofthenematodesonlyliveamonthortwounlesstheygetfrozen.8.Whatdoweknowaboutthetwonematodesinthefirstparagraph?A.Theyweretheoldestlivinganimals.B.Theywerestillalivewhenwarmedup.C.Theywerefoundonthesurfaceoftheground.D.Theywerethetiniestcreatureseverdiscovered.9.Howdoescryptobiosisaffectnematodes?A.Itslowsdownthepaceoftheirlife.B.Ithelpsthemspeeduptheirdrying.C.Itgetstheirbodytemperaturedown.D.Itstopsthemfromconsumingenergy.10.Whichofthefollowingisunrelatedtothenematodes’survivalforyears?A.Cryptobiosis. B.Trehalose. C.Theirsex. D.Drycondition.11Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.FemalenematodeslivelongerthanthemaleonesB.NematodescanproduceyoungwhentheyarefrozenC.NematodesarerankedthefastestproducingcreaturesD.Short-livednematodessurvivedforthousandsofyears【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。俄羅斯科學(xué)家在西伯利亞的凍土中發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩只線蟲，它們依舊活著，科學(xué)家對(duì)其進(jìn)行了研究的事情?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Whenthenematodeswereplacedinroomtemperature,theybegantomove.”（當(dāng)線蟲被放置在室溫下時(shí)，它們開始移動(dòng)。）可知，當(dāng)把線蟲置于室溫環(huán)境下，他們開始動(dòng)起來。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Theycanenteraspecialstatecalledcryptobiosis(隱生現(xiàn)象),duringwhichanimalsreducetheiractivitiesandconsumeverylittleenergy.”（它們可以進(jìn)入一種特殊的狀態(tài)，稱為隱生現(xiàn)象,在此期間，動(dòng)物減少了它們的活動(dòng)并且消耗很少的能量。）可知，線蟲會(huì)進(jìn)入一種叫做隱生的特殊狀態(tài)，在這種狀態(tài)下，動(dòng)物會(huì)減少活動(dòng)消耗極少的能量。故選A項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Nematodescanliveforyearsifthey’refrozen.Theycanenteraspecialstatecalledcryptobiosis(隱生現(xiàn)象),duringwhichanimalsreducetheiractivitiesandconsumeverylittleenergy.”（如果被冷凍，線蟲可以存活數(shù)年。它們可以進(jìn)入一種特殊的狀態(tài)，稱為隱生現(xiàn)象,在此期間，動(dòng)物減少了它們的活動(dòng)并且消耗很少的能量。）及第三段“Theyalsofoundthenematodeswereabletosurvivebeingfrozenbetteriftheyweredriedoutalittlefirst.Thedryinghelpedthemproduceaspecialsugarcalledtrehalose(海藻糖),whichhelpedthemsurvivebeingfrozen.”（他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果先干燥一點(diǎn)，線蟲在冷凍狀態(tài)下能夠更好地存活。干燥有助于他們產(chǎn)生一種名為海藻糖的特殊糖,幫助它們?cè)诒鶅鲋行掖嫦聛怼＃┛芍?，線蟲在隱生狀態(tài)下會(huì)減少能量消耗，它們變干后體內(nèi)會(huì)產(chǎn)生海藻糖來幫助它們存活下來，由此可知線蟲的性別和與它們能存活幾千年沒有因果關(guān)系。故選C項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Theydiscoveredtwotinyroundnematodes(線蟲)frozeninthesample,whichweresosmallthattheycouldonlybeseenwithamicroscope.Testsshowedthesoilhadbeenfrozenforabout46,000yearsold.Whenthenematodeswereplacedinroomtemperature,theybegantomove.”（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩種微小的圓形線蟲冷凍在樣本中，這些樣本太小了，只能用顯微鏡才能看到。測(cè)試表明，這塊土地已經(jīng)被凍了大約4.6萬年。當(dāng)線蟲被放置在室溫下時(shí)，它們開始移動(dòng)。）及最后一段“Mostofthenematodesonlyliveamonthortwounlesstheygetfrozen.”（大多數(shù)線蟲只有一兩個(gè)月的壽命，除非它們被冷凍。）可知，文章主要闡述了俄羅斯科學(xué)家在4.6萬年的凍土的中發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩只線蟲，雖然它們正常的壽命只有一兩個(gè)月，但是當(dāng)它們被放置在室溫下卻存活了下來的事情，故文章最佳的標(biāo)題是短命線蟲存活了數(shù)千年。故選D項(xiàng)。DIfyouliveinSanDiego,you’veprobablynoticedsomestrangelycolouredwateronthebeachlately.Youmightwonderaboutredtide,butit’sactuallyanintentionaljob.ScientistsatUCSanDiegoScrippsInstitutionofOceanographyandUniversityofWashingtonhavebeenexperimentingwithdyeing(給……染色)theoceanatSanDiegobeachpink.Whatcouldtheypossiblybeupto?Thisisbeingdoneforastudythatexamineshowfreshwaterontheoutletoftheseaisintermixingwiththeocean.TheexperimentiscalledPlumesinNearshoreConditions(PiNC).“I’mexcitedbecausethisresearchhasn’tbeendonebeforeandit’sareallyuniqueexperiment,”saidSarahGiddings,aScrippscoastaloceanographerleadingthePiNCstudy.“Theaimistounderstandhowfreshwaterinteractswithoceanwaves,sinceitisusuallywarmerthanoceanwaterandmorefloating.”Theresearchersarehopingthatthispinkdyeexperimentwillhelpthemrecordmoreabouthowpollutantsandsediments(沉積物)aredistributedintheoceanwaterthroughtheseadditionsoffreshwater.Thefreshwaterisdyedpinksothattheteamcaneasilykeeptrackofitwhenfreshwaterisaddedtotheseawater.Thedyedoesnotthreatenthewildlifelivingthereandisthenspottedasitprogressesinthewater.Itistrackedbysensorsonpolesthatarelocatedalongthesandaswellasbydrones(無人駕駛飛機(jī)).There’salsoadevicethattracksthelightthatisgivenoffbythepinkdye.Thesensorsrecordtheheightofthewaves,oceancurrentsandtemperature.Giddingsexplained,“We’rebringingtogetheralotofdifferentpeoplewithdifferentexpertise.Ithinkit’sgoingtohavesomereallygreatresultsandimpacts.Wewillcombinetheresultsfromthisexperimentwithaformerfieldstudyandcomputermodelstohelpusfurtherunderstandhowthedyedfreshwaterspreads.”12.Howdoestheauthorleadinthetopicofthetext?A.Byshowingastrangephenomenon. B.Bymakinganassumption.C.Byquotingawell-knownsaying. D.Bymakingacomparison.13.WhatisthepurposeofPlumesinNearshoreConditions?A.Tointroducethebenefitsofdyeingseawaterpink.B.Toshowhowfreshwatercombineswithseawater.C.Toprovethatfreshwateriswarmerthanseawater.D.Toexaminetheimpactoffreshwateronseawater.14.Whyispinkdyeusedbytheteam?A.Itcanenormouslygiveofflight. B.Itcanfunctionwellwithsensors.C.Itcanberecognizedeasilyandeco-friendly. D.Itseemstoattractwildlifeandspreadrapidly.15.WhatwilltheresearchersdoaccordingtoGiddings’wordsinthelastparagraph?A.Challengetheresultswithsomeexperts. B.Buildmorescientificcomputermodels.C.Experimentwithdyesofanothercolour. D.Integratemoreresultsofformerstudies.【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于海洋出口的淡水如何與海洋混合的研究?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“IfyouliveinSanDiego,you’veprobablynoticedsomestrangelycolouredwateronthebeachlately.Youmightwonderaboutredtide,butit’sactuallyanintentionaljob.ScientistsatUCSanDiegoScrippsInstitutionofOceanographyandUniversityofWashingtonhavebeenexperimentingwithdyeing(給……染色)theoceanatSanDiegobeachpink.Whatcouldtheypossiblybeupto?(如果你住在圣地亞哥，你可能會(huì)注意到最近海灘上有一些奇怪的顏色的水。你可能會(huì)對(duì)赤潮感到好奇，但這實(shí)際上是一項(xiàng)有意為之的工作。加州大學(xué)圣地亞哥分校斯克里普斯海洋學(xué)研究所和華盛頓大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們一直在試驗(yàn)將圣地亞哥海灘的海洋染成粉紅色。他們到底想干什么?)”和第二段中“Thisisbeingdoneforastudythatexamineshowfreshwaterontheoutletoftheseaisintermixingwiththeocean.(這是為了一項(xiàng)研究而做的，該研究調(diào)查了海洋出口的淡水是如何與海洋混合的。)”可知，作者在第一段中展示圣地亞哥海灘上的奇特現(xiàn)象，進(jìn)而引出文章的話題：關(guān)于海洋出口的淡水如何與海洋混合的研究。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thisisbeingdoneforastudythatexamineshowfreshwaterontheoutletoftheseaisintermixingwiththeocean.TheexperimentiscalledPlumesinNearshoreConditions(PiNC).(這是為了一項(xiàng)研究而做的，該研究調(diào)查了海洋出口的淡水是如何與海洋混合的。這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)被稱為近岸條件下的羽流(PiNC)。)”可知，近岸條件下羽流(PiNC)實(shí)驗(yàn)是為了展示淡水是如何與海水結(jié)合的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thefreshwaterisdyedpinksothattheteamcaneasilykeeptrackofitwhenfreshwaterisaddedtotheseawater.Thedyedoesnotthreatenthewildlifelivingthereandisthenspottedasitprogressesinthewater.(淡水被染成粉紅色，這樣當(dāng)?shù)尤牒Ｋ袝r(shí)，團(tuán)隊(duì)可以很容易地跟蹤它。這種染料不會(huì)威脅到生活在那里的野生動(dòng)物，然后隨著它在水中的發(fā)展而被發(fā)現(xiàn)。)”可知，團(tuán)隊(duì)使用粉色染料是因?yàn)樗热菀鬃R(shí)別又環(huán)保。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Giddings的話“Wewillcombinetheresultsfromthisexperimentwithaformerfieldstudyandcomputermodelstohelpusfurtherunderstandhowthedyedfreshwaterspreads.(我們將把這次實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果與以前的實(shí)地研究和計(jì)算機(jī)模型結(jié)合起來，幫助我們進(jìn)一步了解染色的淡水是如何擴(kuò)散的。)”可知，研究人員接下來將整合更多前人的研究成果。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。MakingtheswitchtoahealthydietSwitchingtoahealthydietdoesn’thavetobeanallornothingproposal.Youdon’thave,tocompletelyavoidfoodsyouenjoy.____16____.Thatusuallyonlyleadstocheatingorgivinguponyourneweatingplan.Abetterapproachistomakeafewsmallchangesatatime.Preparemoreofyourownmeals.____17____.Itcanmakeyoubettermonitorexactlywhatgoesintoyourfoods.You’lleatfewercaloriesandavoidthechemicaladditives,addedsugarandunhealthyfats.____18____.Whencuttingbackonunhealthyfoodsinyourdiet,it’simportanttoreplacethemwithhealthyalternatives.Replacingdangeroustransfats(反式脂肪酸)withhealthyfatswillmakeapositivedifferencetoyourhealth.Focusonhowyoufeelaftereating.Thiswillhelpdevelophealthynewhabitsandtastes.____19____.Themorejunkfoodyoueat,themorelikelyyouaretofeeluncomfortable,boringortiredout.Drinkplentyofwater.Waterhelpsflushoursystemsofwasteproductsandpoison,yetmanyofusgothroughlifedehydrated(脫水的)—causingtiredness,lowenergy,andheadaches.It’scommontomistakethirstforhunger.____20____A.MaketherightchangesB.SettingyourselfupforsuccessC.Andyoudon’thavetochangeeverythingallatonceD.Eatingahealthierdietdoesn’thavetobecomplicatedE.Thehealthierthefoodsyoueat,thebetteryou’llfeelafteramealF.SodrinkingenoughwaterwillalsohelpyoumakehealthierfoodchoicesG.Cookingmoremealsathomecanhelpyoutakechargeofwhatyou’reeating【答案】16.C17.G18.A19.E20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了如何改變飲食習(xí)慣，讓自己吃的更健康?！?6題詳解】上文“Youdon’thave,tocompletelyavoidfoodsyouenjoy.(你不必完全避免的喜歡的食物)”以及下文“Thatusuallyonlyleadstocheatingorgivinguponyourneweatingplan.Abetterapproachistomakeafewsmallchangesatatime.(這通常只會(huì)導(dǎo)致作弊或放棄你的新飲食計(jì)劃。一個(gè)更好的方法是一次做一些小的更改)”說明改變飲食習(xí)慣不必一次完成。空處順接上文，和下文形成因果關(guān)系。C項(xiàng)“Andyoudon’thavetochangeeverythingallatonce（你不需要一下子改變所有的東西）”中的And起到順接上文的作用。下文中的That指代C項(xiàng)中的“changeeverythingallatonce”這件事，說明“沒有必要一下子改變一切，否則就會(huì)導(dǎo)致你有可能會(huì)放棄你的新飲食計(jì)劃”。故選C。【17題詳解】上文“Preparemoreofyourownmeals.(多準(zhǔn)備一些你自己的飯菜)”說明需要為自己多準(zhǔn)備一些飯菜。空處進(jìn)一步解釋這樣做的原因。G項(xiàng)“在家多做飯可以幫助你控制自己的飲食”符合語境。G項(xiàng)中的“Cookingmoremeals”和上文“Preparemoreofyourownmeals.”相呼應(yīng)。故選G?！?8題詳解】下文“Whencuttingbackonunhealthyfoodsinyourdiet,it’simportanttoreplacethemwithhealthyalternatives.(當(dāng)你減少飲食中不健康的食物時(shí)，用健康的替代品代替它們是很重要的)”說明本段所給建議為要用健康的食物替代飲食中不健康的食物。A項(xiàng)“做出正確的更改”適合作本段的主旨句。故選A?！?9題詳解】上文“Focusonhowyoufeelaftereating.(專注于你吃東西后的感覺)”說明要關(guān)注吃東西后的感覺?？仗幒拖挛摹澳愠缘睦称吩蕉啵憔驮娇赡芨械讲皇娣?、無聊或疲憊”并列描述吃東西后的感覺。E項(xiàng)“你吃的食物越健康，飯后感覺就越好?！狈险Z境。故選E?！?0題詳解】上文“Waterhelpsflushoursystemsofwasteproductsandpoison,yetmanyofusgothroughlifedehydrated（脫水的）—causingtiredness,lowenergy,andheadaches.It’scommontomistakethirstforhunger.(水有助于沖洗我們的廢物和毒素系統(tǒng)，但我們中的許多人一生都處于脫水狀態(tài)，導(dǎo)致疲勞、低能量和頭痛。把口渴誤認(rèn)為饑餓是很常見的)”說明多喝水的好處，如果喝水不足會(huì)導(dǎo)致脫水現(xiàn)象。F項(xiàng)中的Thus和前文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，“drinkingenoughwater”和本段的主旨句“Drinkplentyofwater.”相呼應(yīng)，表明“喝足夠的水也有助于你選擇更健康的食物”。故選F。【點(diǎn)睛】）第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。We’veallhadawrongnumbertextbefore,buthowoftendotheyleadtoyears-longfriendships?ForJamalandWanda,a___21___texthasresultedinsevenyearsofsharedThanksgivingdinners!In2016,the17-year-oldJamalreceivedatext,___22___fromhisgrandma,askingifhewould___23___ittoThanksgivingthatyear.Afterexchangingafew___24___,itsoonbecameclearthatthetext’ssender,Wanda,___25___,wasnothisgrandma.SheinvitedJamaltothe___26___though,andafterJamal___27___theexchangeontheInternet,thepairwentviral.SpendingThanksgivingtogetherhasbecomean___28___thingforJamalandWanda.Theyearof2023will___29___thetradition’seighthanniversary.Theirfriendshiphasgonefromstrengthtostrength,eventhrough____30____likethepassingofWanda’shusband,Lonnie.Wandasaid,“Jamal____31____methatagemadeabsolutelynodifference.WhenJamalcamealong,myhusbandandIandJamalandhisgirlfriend,wewouldgoouteatingdinnerthrough-outtheyeartogetherandwewouldjustlosealltrackof____32____.Onetime,wewereatarestaurantforthreeorfourhoursandIcouldn’t____33____weweretherethatlong.Wekepttalking!Itwasjustsucha____34____conversation.”Thankstothewrongnumbertext,thetwohavedevelopedadeepfriendship.Thepairhaveevengoneinto____35____together,launchingawatercompany.21.A.suitable B.mistaken C.strange D.tricky22.A.supposedly B.admittedly C.hurriedly D.decidedly23.A.take B.have C.make D.get24.A.objects B.options C.journals D.texts25.A.infact B.afterall C.atonce D.ontime26.A.wedding B.dinner C.dance D.concert27.A.broke B.found C.left D.shared28.A.annual B.easy C.occasional D.obvious29.A.place B.view C.mark D.receive30.A.events B.festivals C.celebrations D.elements31.A.offered B.taught C.advised D.promised32.A.goals B.food C.projects D.time33.A.believe B.claim C.prove D.mention34.A.stable B.brave C.wonderful D.modest35.A.amusement B.business C.education D.politics【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.A26.B27.D28.A29.C30.A31.B32.D33.A34.C35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述的是一條錯(cuò)誤的短信息讓兩個(gè)人建立了友誼并一直持續(xù)下去的故事?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)于Jamal和Wanda來說，一條錯(cuò)誤的短信導(dǎo)致了七年的感恩節(jié)晚餐！A.suitable適合的；B.mistaken錯(cuò)誤的，被誤解的；C.strange奇怪的；D.tricky難對(duì)付的。根據(jù)上文中的“We’veallhadawrongnumbertextbefore,buthowoftendotheyleadtoyears-longfriendships?”可知，此處指的是“錯(cuò)誤的”短信，wrong與mistaken意義相近。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：2016年，17歲的Jamal收到了一條短信，據(jù)說是他奶奶發(fā)來的，問他當(dāng)年能不能過感恩節(jié)。A.supposedly據(jù)說；B.admittedly誠(chéng)然；C.hurriedly匆忙地；D.decidedly果斷地。根據(jù)下文中的“Afterexchangingafew___4___,itsoonbecameclearthatthetext’ssender,Wanda,___5___,wasnothisgrandma.”可知，在互發(fā)幾條信息后，發(fā)現(xiàn)不是他的奶奶，由此可知，此處應(yīng)為“據(jù)說”符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：2016年，17歲Jamal收到了一條短信，據(jù)說是他奶奶發(fā)來的，問他當(dāng)年能不能參加感恩節(jié)活動(dòng)。A.take帶走；B.have有；C.make使，讓；D.get得到。根據(jù)下文中的“SheinvitedJamaltothe___6___though”可知，她還邀請(qǐng)Jamal過感恩節(jié)，由此可知，此處指的是“參加”感恩節(jié)活動(dòng)，makeit意為“出席或參加某個(gè)活動(dòng)”符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在互發(fā)了幾條短信后，很快就發(fā)現(xiàn)短信的發(fā)送者Wanda實(shí)際上并不是他的奶奶。A.objects客觀事物；B.options選擇；C.journals雜志；D.texts文本。根據(jù)下文中的“itsoonbecameclearthatthetext’ssender”可知，此處指的是互發(fā)幾條“短信”符合語境。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：在交換了幾條短信后，很快就發(fā)現(xiàn)短信的發(fā)送者Wanda實(shí)際上并不是他的奶奶。A.infact事實(shí)上；B.afterall畢竟；C.atonce立刻；D.ontime按時(shí)。根據(jù)上文中的“itsoonbecameclearthatthetext’ssender”以及下文中的“wasnothisgrandma.”可知，很顯然發(fā)短信的不是他的奶奶，所以此處應(yīng)為“事實(shí)上”符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她邀請(qǐng)Jamal參加晚宴，Jamal在網(wǎng)上分享了這段對(duì)話后，這兩人迅速走紅。A.wedding婚禮；B.dinner晚餐；C.dance舞蹈；D.concert音樂會(huì)。根據(jù)上文中的“askingifhewould___3___ittoThanksgivingthatyear.”以及下文中的“WhenJamalcamealong,myhusbandandIandJamalandhisgirlfriend,wewouldgoouteatingdinnerthrough-outtheyeartogether”可知，在首次發(fā)短信邀請(qǐng)Jamal一起過感恩節(jié)到后來每年經(jīng)常一起外出吃晚餐，由此可知，此處指的是邀請(qǐng)他一起吃“晚餐”符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她邀請(qǐng)Jamal參加晚宴，Jamal在網(wǎng)上分享了這段對(duì)話后，這對(duì)情侶迅速走紅。A.broke打破；B.found發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.left離開；D.shared分享。根據(jù)下文中的“theexchangeontheInternet,thepairwentviral.”可知，這兩人在網(wǎng)上火了，由此可推斷，此處指的是Jamal把這段對(duì)話在網(wǎng)上“分享”符合語境。故選D項(xiàng)。【28題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一起過感恩節(jié)已經(jīng)成為Jamal和Wanda每年的要做的事情。A.annual每年的；B.easy容易的；C.occasional偶然的；D.obvious顯而易見的。根據(jù)下文中的“Theyearof2023will___9___thetradition’seighthanniversary.”可知，2023年將是他們一起過感恩節(jié)的第八周年了，由此可知，此處應(yīng)為“每年的”符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：2023年將是這一傳統(tǒng)的八周年紀(jì)念。A.place放置；B.view看；C.mark紀(jì)念，慶賀；D.receive收到。根據(jù)上文中的“SpendingThanksgivingtogetherhasbecomean___8___thingforJamalandWanda.”可知，在一起過感恩節(jié)是他們兩個(gè)人每年要做的事情，由此可知，2023年將是他們“慶賀”這一傳統(tǒng)八周年的一年。故選C項(xiàng)。【30題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她們的友誼越來越牢固，即使經(jīng)歷了像Wanda的丈夫Lonnie去世這樣的事件。A.events重大活動(dòng)；B.festivals節(jié)日；C.celebrations慶祝；D.elements要素。根據(jù)下文中的“l(fā)ikethepassingofWanda’shusband,Lonnie.”可知，Wanda的丈夫去世應(yīng)是“重大事件”符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Jamal告訴我，年齡絕對(duì)沒有影響。A.offered提供；B.taught教；C.advised建議；D.promised承諾。根據(jù)下文中的“WhenJamalcamealong,myhusbandandIandJamalandhisgirlfriend,wewouldgoouteatingdinnerthrough-outtheyeartogether…”可知，Jamal與他的女朋友和Wanda與她的丈夫經(jīng)常一起出去聚餐，由此可知，Wanda學(xué)會(huì)了年齡沒有影響，所以此處為Jamal“教”給她年齡沒什么影響。故選B項(xiàng)。【32題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Jamal出生后，我丈夫和我，還有Jamal和他的女朋友，我們一整年都在一起出去吃晚飯，我們完全忘記了時(shí)間。A.goals目標(biāo)；B.food食物；C.projects工程；D.time時(shí)間。根據(jù)下文中的“Onetime,wewereatarestaurantforthreeorfourhoursandIcouldn’t___13___weweretherethatlong.”可知，Jamal與Wanda他們?cè)谝黄鸪鋈コ燥垼幸淮卧谝患也宛^待了3、4個(gè)小時(shí)，由此可知，此處指的是他們都忘記了“時(shí)間”符合語境。故選D項(xiàng)。【33題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：有一次，我們?cè)谝患也宛^待了三四個(gè)小時(shí)，我簡(jiǎn)直不敢相信我們?cè)谀抢锎四敲淳?。A.believe相信；B.claim聲稱；C.prove證明；D.mention提到。根據(jù)上文中的“Onetime,wewereatarestaurantforthreeorfourhours”可知，他們?cè)谝患也宛^待了3、4個(gè)小時(shí)，這是讓她不敢“相信”的事情。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：那真是一次美妙的談話。A.