豐臺區(qū)高三二學(xué)期綜合練習(xí)（二）英語試題

學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精豐臺區(qū)2020年高三年級第二學(xué)期綜合練習(xí)（二）英語試題本試卷滿分共120分考試時間100分鐘注意事項:1。答題前，考生務(wù)必先將答題卡上的學(xué)校、年級、班級、姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號用黑色字跡簽字筆填寫清楚，并認(rèn)真核對條形碼上的準(zhǔn)考證號、姓名，在答題卡的“條形碼粘貼區(qū)"貼好條形碼。2。本次考試所有答題均在答題卡上完成。選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆以正確填涂方式將各小題對應(yīng)選項涂黑,如需改動,用橡皮擦除干凈后再選涂其它選項。非選擇題必須使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)黑色字跡簽字筆書寫，要求字體工整、字跡清楚。3.請嚴(yán)格按照答題卡上題號在相應(yīng)答題區(qū)內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效,在試卷、草稿紙上答題無效。4.請保持答題卡卡面清潔，不要裝訂、不要折疊、不要破損。第一部分：知識運用(共兩節(jié),45分）第一節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。EsiasBedingaralwaysknewhewantedtostudymedicine.After___1___（decide）toexperienceanewculture，hecamefromAfricatotheUSA.Therewasonechallenge:He___2___(speak）noEnglish。Butwithinjustfourmonths,hecompletedtheESLprogram。Threeyearslater,hefinishedhisundergraduatedegreeandwasacceptedtoHarvardUniversity，whereheispursuingamaster’sdegreeinpublichealth.Hesaiditwas___3___(he)dreamthatgothimtoHarvard.【答案】1.deciding2。spoke3。his【解析】這是記敘文，講述了EsiasBedingar從非洲來到美國，盡管不會說英語,但是僅僅用4個月時間就完成了ESL課程的經(jīng)歷?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:在決定體驗一種新的文化之后，他從非洲來到了美國。after為介詞后接動名詞.故填deciding.【2題詳解】考查時態(tài).句意:有一個挑戰(zhàn)：他不會說英語。文章敘述的是過去的事情,用一般過去時；speak是不規(guī)則變化動詞，過去式為spoke。故填spoke.【3題詳解】考查代詞.句意：他說是他的夢想讓他進了哈佛大學(xué).修飾名詞dream，應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞；he是主格，形容詞性物主代詞為his,意思為“他的".故填his。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空.在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Confucius(孔子),borninthedistrictofZou,neartoday'sQufucityinShandongprovince,wasaneducatorandphilosopher(哲學(xué)家)___4___foundedConfucianism,aschoolofthoughtthatdeeplyinfluencedlatergenerations。HewasthefirstChinesetosetupprivateschoolsandenrollstudentsfromallwalksoflife。Confucius___5___(regard）asasymbolofChina’straditionalculture。Nowadays，Qufuholdsmemorialeventseveryyear___6___(honor）himandpopularizehistheorytotheyoungergenerations.【答案】4.who/that5.isregarded/hasbeenregarded6.tohonor【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了孔子。他出生在山東,是一位偉大的教育學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家，創(chuàng)立了儒家思想，并且他也是中國第一個開設(shè)私塾廣招各行各業(yè)的人為學(xué)生的人。同時，孔子也是中國傳統(tǒng)文化的一個標(biāo)志，深受年輕一代喜歡，并且人們每年都會為孔子舉辦紀(jì)念活動?！?題詳解】考查定語從語關(guān)系代詞.句意：孔子是一位偉大的教育學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家，他創(chuàng)立了儒家思想，這一思想也深深地影響著后人。分析句子可知，這是一個定語從句,空格處需要填關(guān)系代詞,又因為定語從句的先行詞是指人,定語從句指人的關(guān)系代詞有who/that。故填who/that。【5題詳解】考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：孔子被認(rèn)為是中國傳統(tǒng)文化的一個標(biāo)志。分析句子可知，句中主語孔子與動詞regard是被動關(guān)系，且根據(jù)語境，動詞時態(tài)也有兩種可能：一是被認(rèn)為是中國傳統(tǒng)文化的一個標(biāo)志是講述一個客觀事實，可以用一般現(xiàn)在時，且主語Confucius是第三人稱單數(shù)，空格處可以填isregarded；二是被認(rèn)為是中國傳統(tǒng)文化的一個標(biāo)志是從過去就有,到現(xiàn)在依舊是這樣的情況，就可以用現(xiàn)在完成時，且主語Confucius是第三人稱單數(shù),空格處可以填hasbeenregarded.故填isregarded/hasbeenregarded.【6題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:曲阜每年都會舉行對孔子的紀(jì)念活動，以表對孔子的尊敬.分析句子可知，句中已經(jīng)有動詞作謂語了，honor只能用非謂語形式，且在句中作狀語,表目的，就需用動詞不定式來作目的狀語.故填tohonor?！军c睛】非謂語是常考知識點。在試題中分析清楚句子是否有動詞已作謂語，如已有謂語，并且沒有連詞去連接另一個動詞的話，此動詞就需作非謂語了，再根據(jù)句意和已有謂語來判斷非謂語的正確形式。如第3小題,句中已經(jīng)有動詞作謂語了,honor只能用非謂語形式在句中作狀語表目的,因此需用動詞不定式.C閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Everythinghappensforareason。Nothinghappensbychanceorbymeansofgoodluck。Injury,___7___（ill)，love，andlostmomentsoftruegreatnessalloccurtotestthelimitsofyoursoul.___8___thesesmalltests,lifewouldbelikeastraightflatroadtonowhere。Itwouldbesafeandcomfortable,___9___dullandcompletelypointless.Thesuccessanddownfallyouexperiencehelpstocreatewhoyouareanddecide____10____yougo?！敬鸢浮?.illness8。Without9。but/yet10。where【解析】本文是議論文。萬事皆有因，生活中除了幸運快樂之外還有傷害、疾病和失去，這些考驗使生活更有意義，幫助我們成長?！?題詳解】考查名詞。句意:傷害、疾病、愛以及失去真正偉大的時刻都是對你靈魂極限的考驗。和Injury，love,lostmoments并列在句中做主語,用名詞.故填illness?！?題詳解】考查介詞。句意：沒有這些小的考驗，生活就像一條沒有盡頭的筆直平坦的道路。根據(jù)句意,此處表示“沒有”，置于句首,首字母大寫.故填Without?！?題詳解】考查連詞。句意：它雖然安全舒適，但枯燥無味,毫無意義。前后句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填but/yet。【10題詳解】考查連接副詞。句意：你經(jīng)歷的成功和失敗會幫助你塑造你自己，決定你要去哪里。動詞decide后是賓語從句，從句中缺少地點狀語，故填where。第二節(jié)完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分，共30分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Iwasaboyofninein1960。IusedtomowthelawnforMrs。Long.Shepaidmelittleforthejob,but____11____togivemeaChristmaspresent。Ispentmuchtime____12____whatitwouldbe.ManyboyshadbaseballglovesoriceskatesandIwas____13____tohaveanyofthese?！癐twould____14____beabaseballglove,"I____15____withmyself.Shewouldn’tknowmuchaboutbaseball。SoIwas____16____thatshewouldgivemeiceskates.Ieven____17____myselfupontheskates.AsChristmasapproached，itwaswith____18____thatIstoppedmyselffromreportingtoMrs。Longanddemandingmypresent。OnDecember22，I____19____myselfatthedoorofthehouse。Mrs。Longsatmeinachairandhandedmeasmallboxwhichundernocircumstancescould_____20_____apairofskates.Iwas_____21_____。Whenliftingitfromher,Iwascuriousaboutthe_____22_____ofthepresent.Itweighedalmostnothing.“Whatisit?”Iasked.“Akindofmagic,"shesaid。Herwordswereenoughtosetmyminddancingwithnew_____23_____。Therewereotherpresentsofnormaldimensionandweight.ButMrs.Long’sboxdominatedall，forithadtodowith_____24_____.OnChristinasmorning,beforethesunwasup，Ihadthisboxonmyknees。Withgreat_____25_____Iopenedtheboxtofindinsidetensheetsofblackpaper，eachlabeledincolorfulletters,CarbonPaperRegalPremium?！癢hatisit？”Iasked。Mumtooktwopiecesofwhitepaper,placedbetweenthemoneoftheblackpaper,andwrotemynameontheuppersheet.Thenshehandedmethesecondsheet,whichherpencilhadinnowaytouched.Therewasmyname！Itwasamiracletomy_____26_____mind。Inthatonemoment，I_____27_____theideasabouttheduplication（復(fù)制)ofwordsandtheprintingandthemysteryofspreadingideas.ThankMrs。Longforher_____28_____toguessthataboymightprofitfromapresenttotallyoutsidetherealm（領(lǐng)域）ofhis_____29_____experience.Theaveragepresent_____30_____satisfiesatemporarydesire;thegreatonelightsupalltheyearsoflifethatremain。11。A.allowed B。promised C。attempted D。reminded12.A。asking B.recalling C.proving D.wondering13.A。eager B.generous C。amused D.determined14.A.possibly B。usually C.hardly D.definitely15。A。reasoned B。inquired C.checked D。complained16.A.shocked B。convinced C。delighted D.satisfied17.A。prepared B.expected C。taught D.imagined18。A。anxiety B。patience C.difficulty D。confirmation19。A.presented B.forced C。urged D。employed20.A。cover B.hold C。include D.involve21。A.angry B.regretful C.awkward D。disappointed22.A.value B.shape C.lightness D.meaning23。A.features B.proposals C。experiences D。possibilities24。A。magic B。interest C。love D。belief25.A.surprise B。energy C。excitement D.confidence26.A。sharp B.childish. C.brilliant D.creative27.A.spread B。understood C。remembered D。practiced28.A。wisdom B。kindness C.privilege D.encouragement29。A。rich B.precious C.ordinary D。unforgettable30.A。even B。still C。once D.merely【答案】11。B12.D13.A14.C15.A16。B17。D18。C19.A20。B21.D22。C23。D24.A25。C26。B27.B28。A29.C30。D【解析】這是一篇記敘文。講述了一位老人送的禮物對“我”的影響。主要凸顯自己在等待禮物過程中的心情和得到禮物后的反應(yīng)?！?1題詳解】考查動詞辨析。句意：這個工作她付給我很少的錢，但是答應(yīng)我給我個圣誕禮物。A。allowed允許;B。promised承諾；C。attempted試圖；D.reminded提醒。由下文中的“AsChristmasapproached（當(dāng)圣誕節(jié)快來臨時）”可知,Mrs。Long答應(yīng)給作者圣誕禮物的時候，圣誕節(jié)還沒有到來，所以是提前允諾.故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動詞辨析。句意：我花了很多時間在想它將會是什么。A。asking問；B.recalling回想；C.proving證明；D.wondering想。由上文中“promisedtogivemeaChristmaspresent（承諾給我一個圣誕禮物）”可知，因為別人答應(yīng)了給作者禮物，所以作者一直翹首企盼，一直在想著會是什么禮物。故選D。【13題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：很多男孩有棒球手套或者溜冰鞋,我很想要這些東西.A.eager熱切的，渴望的；B.generous慷慨的，大方的；C。amused覺得好笑的；D.determined堅決的,果斷的。由and前的“Manyboyshadbaseballglovesoriceskates（很多男孩有棒球手套或者溜冰鞋）”可知，作者也很想要這樣的東西。“beeagertohave”意為“很想要擁有”，符合句意。故選A.14題詳解】考查副詞.句意:我自己想了想然后告訴自己：“幾乎不可能是棒球手套。"A。possibly可能；B。usually常常；C。hardly幾乎不；D。definitely明確地，清楚地.由下句“Shewouldn’tknowmuchaboutbaseball(她不了解棒球)"可知,她幾乎不可能送作者棒球手套。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查動詞辨析。句意同上。A。reasoned推理；B.inquired詢問，查問；C。checked檢查，審查；D.complained抱怨。下句“Shewouldn'tknowmuchaboutbaseball（她不了解棒球)”呈現(xiàn)的是作者自己推理的過程，故選A.【16題詳解】考查動詞辨析。句意：因此我相信她會給我一雙溜冰鞋。A。shocked震驚;B.convinced使相信；C。delighted使高興；D。satisfied使?jié)M意.根據(jù)這一段中作者的推理，大家有棒球手套和溜冰鞋，作者覺得老人不會送他棒球手球，所以作者覺得一定會送他溜冰鞋。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查動詞辨析。句意：我甚至想象自己在冰上溜冰的樣子.A.prepared準(zhǔn)備;B.expected期望；C.taught教；D.imagined想象。根據(jù)句意可知，這段話在描述作者對圣誕禮物的猜測，作者很渴望得到溜冰鞋，所以甚至想象自己穿著溜冰鞋在冰上溜。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意:當(dāng)圣誕節(jié)快到的時候，雖然很難做到,但是我沒有向Mrs.Long去報到，也沒有向她要禮物。A.anxiety焦慮，憂慮；B。patience耐心，忍耐力;C.difficulty困難，難題；D。confirmation證實，確認(rèn)。根據(jù)上文中的“Ispentmuchtimewonderingwhatitwouldbe。(我花很多時間去想這個禮物會是什么)"可知，作者特別期待這個禮物，所以越是臨近圣誕節(jié)越是期待。作者忍住沒去Mrs。Long家報到，是很難做到的。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查動詞辨析。句意：12月22日，我出現(xiàn)在房子門口。A。presented出現(xiàn);B。forced迫使；C。urged敦促，催促;D。employed雇用，應(yīng)用。由下句“Mrs.Longsatmeinachairandhandedme…(Mrs.Long坐在椅子上，交給我……）”可知，我到了Mrs.Long門口。故選A.【20題詳解】考查動詞辨析。句意：Mrs.Long坐在椅子上，交給我一個小盒子，盒子這么小，幾乎沒有可能是一雙溜冰鞋。A。cover掩蔽，遮蓋；B.hold拿著,抓??；C.include包括,包含；D.involve包含，需要.根據(jù)句意，作者根據(jù)盒子的大小猜測里邊裝的不可能是一雙溜冰鞋。故選B.【21題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：我很失望。A.angry生氣的；B。regretful令人遺憾的;C。awkward尷尬的;D。disappointed失望的。上文中寫作者期待圣誕禮物是一雙溜冰鞋,但是現(xiàn)在拿在手里的盒子這么小，不可能是一雙溜冰鞋，所以作者很失望.故選D?！?2題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)我從她手里拿過禮物的時候,我很好奇禮物怎么這么輕。A.value價值;B.shape形狀；C。lightness輕；D.meaning意義。由下句“Itweighedalmostnothing.（幾乎沒有重量。）”可知，作者好奇禮物為什么這么輕。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意:她的話讓我又開始想象各種可能性。A.features特點；B。proposals提議，建議;C。experiences經(jīng)驗,實踐；D。possibilities可能。根據(jù)句意，作者很好奇箱子怎么這么輕，不會是他想象的溜冰鞋，會是什么呢，作者開始想象各種可能性.故選D?！?4題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意:但是Mrs。Long的箱子起著重要的作用，因為它必需與魔術(shù)有關(guān)。A.magic魔術(shù)；B.interest興趣，關(guān)注；C。love愛；D.belief信心。此空格處單詞與段首Mrs。Long所說的“Akindofmagic”呼應(yīng)，故選A?！?5題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：懷著很激動的心情,我打開箱子，發(fā)現(xiàn)里邊有十張黑色的紙，每張上邊都寫著“復(fù)寫紙豪華版”。A。surprise驚奇，驚訝；B。energy精力，活力；C.excitement激動，興奮；D.confidence自信。由上段中的“Herwordswereenoughtosetmyminddancingwithnewpossibilities（她的話讓我開始想象各種可能性）”可知，作者很激動想知道里邊是什么。故選C。【26題詳解】考查形容詞。句意:對于小孩子的思想來說，這就是奇跡。A。sharp鋒利的，銳利的；B.childish孩子氣的，稚嫩的;C.brilliant聰穎的；D。creative有創(chuàng)造力的。根據(jù)文章開始的“Iwasaboyofninein1960。（1960年,我還是一個九歲的小孩.)”可知,對于那時的自己，也就是小孩的思想來說這是個奇跡。故選B.【27題詳解】考查動詞辨析。句意：就在那一刻，我理解了字、畫復(fù)制的含義以及傳播思想的神秘。A.spread傳播，散布；B.understood理解；C.remembered記得，記起;D.practiced練習(xí)，實習(xí).根據(jù)文章最后一句中的“thegreatonelightsupalltheyearsoflifethatremain（這個禮物點亮了我以后的人生）”可知，這個禮物讓作者當(dāng)時理解了很多。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：多虧了Mrs。Long的智慧，認(rèn)為一個小男孩能從超出他一般認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域的禮物中收益頗豐。A.wisdom智慧;B。kindness仁慈，善良；C。privilege榮幸,榮耀;D.encouragement鼓舞，鼓勵.根據(jù)句意，Mrs.Long送了一個我意想不到的禮物，并且她能提前猜到我會喜歡，是很有智慧的.故選A?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意同上.A.rich富有的,富裕的；B.precious寶貴的，珍貴的；C。ordinary普通的，平常的；D。unforgettable難以忘懷的。根據(jù)上文中的“Itwasamiracletomychildishmind(對于小孩的思想來說那就是奇跡)”可知，這個禮物超出了小孩子一般的認(rèn)知范圍。故選C。【30題詳解】考查副詞。句意：一般的禮物僅僅只能滿足暫時的欲望，一個好的禮物能夠點亮未來的人生。A.even甚至；B.still還是,仍然;C。once曾經(jīng)；D。merely僅僅，只不過。根據(jù)句意，將一般的禮物與好的禮物形成對比,一般的禮物緊急只能滿足暫時的欲望。故選D。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑.AAsanexcellentinternationalorganizationtodeliverbothcampingandanacademicopportunity，EaglesLandingInternational（ELI）offersschool—agedstudentstheopportunitytoexperiencetargetedacademicprograms，globalleadershipdevelopment，andexposuretoanauthenticcampingexperience。ELIACADEMICSTREAMSAtELI，wecreategloballeadersbyintegratingcampingwithpersonalizedacademicactivitiesdesignedaroundourtwolearningstreams。EnglishLanguageImmersion--WebelievethatthebestwaytolearnalanguageistolivethatlanguagePersonalizedactivitiespreparecamperstobeassuccessfulaspossibleinachievingtheirlanguagegoals。DailyinteractionswithourAmericancampersgivecamperstheopportunitytoapplynewlyacquiredlanguageskills.GlobalLeadership——ForthosewhohaveamoreadvancedEnglishlanguagelevel，wedesignactivitiesthatteachtheskillsbasedonculturalintelligence，communicationstrategies，aswellascriticalthinkingthatarenecessaryintoday’smodem，globalsociety.ELICAMPLIFEWithafocusonthedevelopmentofsocial—emotionalandphysicalwell-being,ELIcamperswillgrowasglobalcommunitymembersandleaders.AccommodationOurInternationalVillageprovidestheultimatesecurityandpeaceofmindinanenvironmentbeneficialtolearningandsocialinteraction.Maleandfemalecamperswillbehousedonseparatefloorswithon—dutysupervision（監(jiān)督）24hoursaday。MealplanStudent—camperswillbeprovidedwithbreakfast，lunch,anddinneraswellasamorningfruitbreak。Specialdietaryneedscanusuallybeaccommodatedwithadvancednotice.Totrulyappreciatethewayitinspiresourstudent—camperstolearn，perform，andcompeteatthehighestlevelseveryday,joinusinSouthFloridaforanunforgettableexperience.ELITypicalWeeklyScheduleMondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFriday&SaturdaySunday9：15—9：55AcademicsAcademicsAcademicsAcademicsShorttrips:Beach,Disney,Universal,WaterPark,etc。Clean-up9:55-10:10FruitBreakFruitBreakFruitBreakFruitBreak10:10—10：50AcademicsAcademicsAcademicsAcademicsBrunch10:55-11:30BasketballWaterSlideYogaTrackSwim11:35—12：35SwimSwimSwimSwim13：35—14：15MusicScience＆NatureMusicScience&NatureHousekeeping14:20—14：35IceCreamIceCreamIceCreamIceCream14：40—16：00RestHourRestHourRestHourRestHourWeights，Gym,Field16:00-16：40AcademicsAcademicsAcademicsAcademics19:30-20:30EveningProgramEveningProgramEveningProgramEveningProgramEveningProgram31.WhatdoesELIofferitscampers？A.Overseastrips。B。Aflexibleschedule.C。Safeaccommodation。D。Mealsfromdifferentcountries.32.WhatmakesELIdifferentfromothercamps？A.Itprovidesprogramsbyagegroup。B.Itfocusesondevelopingsocialskills。C。Itcreatesanewwayoflearninglanguages.D.Itcombinescampingwithacademicprograms。33.AccordingtoELITypicalWeeklySchedule，campers_______.A。arefreeintheeveningB.canenjoyavarietyofsportsC。arequitebusywithacademicsD.areexpectedtoplantheirweekends【答案】31。C32。D33.B【解析】這是一篇廣告類應(yīng)用文.文章主要介紹一個將露營和學(xué)術(shù)項目相結(jié)合的國際組織，包括它的具體活動、食宿安排和具體課程安排。【31題詳解】推理判斷題.根據(jù)文章“Accommodation"部分最后一句“Maleandfemalecamperswillbehousedonseparatefloorswithon—dutysupervision（監(jiān)督）24hoursaday。”可知，在住宿方面,ELI按性別將露營者安排在不同樓層，并且有全天24小時的值班監(jiān)督。由此可推測,在住宿方面很安全。故選C項?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一句“Asanexcellentinternationalorganizationtodeliverbothcampingandanacademicopportunity”可知，ELI將露營和學(xué)術(shù)項目相結(jié)合。故選D項?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)課程表中時間段“10：55-11:30”相應(yīng)的活動“Basketball"“WaterSlide"“Yoga”“Track”可知，ELI為露營者安排了不同的運動。故選B項。BSomethingstrangewashappeninginsideLeeAnne’shome。Duringthesummerof2014，14-year—oldJ。D。hadstomachseverepains,buthisCTscanfoundnothingwrong.LeeAnneandherhusbandlosthairandsuffereddizzinessandheadaches.LeeAnneevenlosthereyelashes.InJanuary2015,thecityofFlintsentoutanoticethatthewatersupply,switchedfromtheDetroitwatersystemtotheFlintRivertocutcost,containedhighlevelsoftrihalomethanes(三鹵甲烷）.Thenoticewarnedthatpeoplewithpoorimmune(免疫的)systemsmightbeatincreasedriskforliver,kidney，andnervoussystemproblemsbutemphasizedthatthewaterwasotherwisesafetodrink.Alarmed,LeeAnneresearchedthewatersupplyandsearchedtheInternet.Thenshedistributedafactsheettocityofficials，listingthesideeffectsofexposuretotrihalomethanes.Thensheurgedherneighborstoattendcitycouncilmeetings,wheretheysharedtheirhealthproblems.Still,officialsinsistedthewaterwassafetodrink.SoLeeAnnedemandedthatthecitytestherwater.Theresultsweredisturbing.Thetrihalomethanesweretheleastofherproblems.Theleadlevelsinherwaterwerenearlyseventimesthelegalamount。Butthecitymaintainedherplumbing（管道）wasthecause.LeeAnneimmediatelyhadherchildrentestedforlead.Allthekidsshowedleadexposure。ShereadFlint’swaterqualityreportsanddiscoveredthecitywasn’tapplyingthepropercorrosion（腐蝕)controlstandardstoitspipes；thestandardspreventthemetalinpipesfromleachingintothewater.InMarch，afollow-uptestofLeeAnne'swatershowedleadlevelsnearly27timeshigherthantheEPA’sthreshold。LeeAnne’spipescouldnotberesponsibleforthehighleadlevels，sincetheywereplastic.InSeptember,VirginiaTechlabreleasedareportthatconcludedtheFlintRiverwaterwas19timesmorecorrosivethantheDetroitwater。Thegovernoreventuallyadmittedthewaterwasunsafe。HeorderedthatFlint'swatersupplybeswitchedbacktoDetroit's。InWashington，PresidentBarackObamadeclaredastateofemergencyinFlintandorderedfederalaidtohelpthecityrecover.34.HowdidLeeAnnereacttothecitynotice？A。Shehadherchildrentestedforlead.B.Sheaskedthecitytoreplaceherpipes.C。SheurgedtheofficialstotestFlint’swater.D。Shecollectedsideeffectsoftrihalomethanes.35。Whatistheleadingcauseofthefamily’shealthproblem?A。Theleadintheirwater。B.Corrosiontotheirpipes。C。Theirpoorimmunesystems。D.ExposuretoTrihalomethanes。36。Cityofficials’attitudetowardthewaterissuewas_____.A。unconcerned B。cautiousC。doubtful D.objective37.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus？A。Revealingthetruthtakestime。B.Nothingcanstopadeterminedheart。C。Ittakescouragetochallengeauthority.D.Jointeffortisthekeytosolvingproblems.【答案】34。D35.A36。A37。B【解析】這是一篇記敘文。LeeAnne一家人2014年夏天都經(jīng)歷了一些身體不適的狀況，但是沒有查出原因.2015年1月，弗林特市發(fā)出通知說，為了節(jié)省成本，水源從底特律的水改道成了弗林特河里的水，這個水被發(fā)現(xiàn)了三鹵甲烷超標(biāo),但不影響飲用。LeeAnne對此深感懷疑，她要求進一步檢查自己的水源和孩子,發(fā)現(xiàn)水里存在的最大問題是鉛超標(biāo).經(jīng)過反復(fù)確認(rèn)，政府最終承認(rèn)弗林特河里的水不適合飲用，再次將水源改回到底特律的水.【34題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題.由第三段中的“Alarmed，LeeAnneresearchedthewatersupplyandsearchedtheInternet.Thenshedistributedafactsheettocityofficials,listingthesideeffectsofexposuretotrihalomethanes。（這使她很擔(dān)心，LeeAnne繼續(xù)調(diào)查了水源并在網(wǎng)上搜集了資料。然后她向城市官員發(fā)送了一份情況說明書，列出了三鹵甲烷超標(biāo)會帶來的副作用）”可知，城市發(fā)的通知讓她很擔(dān)心,所以LeeAnne搜集了三鹵甲烷超標(biāo)會帶來的副作用，發(fā)送給了城市官員。故選D.【35題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“Theresultsweredisturbing.Thetrihalomethanesweretheleastofherproblems.Theleadlevelsinherwaterwerenearlyseventimesthelegalamount。（結(jié)果讓人感到很不安。三鹵甲烷的問題微乎其微.她們水中的鉛含量是合法標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的七倍之多。）"可知，她們家庭中健康問題的主要原因是水中的鉛含量超標(biāo)。故選A?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。由第三段中的“Thensheurgedherneighborstoattendcitycouncilmeetings，wheretheysharedtheirhealthproblems.Still,officialsinsistedthewaterwassafetodrink.（她敦促鄰居們?nèi)⒓邮凶h會會議，在那里他們闡述了他們的健康問題。但是，官員們?nèi)匀粓猿终J(rèn)為水是適合飲用的。）”可知，政府官員一開始不關(guān)心水污染問題，堅持認(rèn)為它是適合飲用的。A。unconcerned不關(guān)心的；B。cautious小心的，謹(jǐn)慎的；C。doubtful懷疑的；D.objective客觀的。故選A.【37題詳解】推理判斷題。由最后一段中的“Thegovernoreventuallyadmittedthewaterwasunsafe。HeorderedthatFlint’swatersupplybeswitchedbacktoDetroit’s.（政府官員最終承認(rèn)了水是不安全的，并命令將水源改回到底特律的水）"以及一開始政府官員堅持認(rèn)為水是適合飲用的,可知，這個故事主要講LeeAnne如何堅持不懈的努力，才讓政府官員面對問題，改掉水源。由此判斷出這個故事告訴我們沒有什么能阻止一顆堅定的心。故選B。CTurtleshaveanunfortunatehabitofeatingplasticobjectsfloatinginthesea.Thesecannotbedigestedandmayultimatelykillthem。Itiswidelyassumedthatthisfondnessforplasticsisamatterofmistakenidentity.Driftingplasticbags，forinstance,looksimilartojellyfish（水母）,whichmanytypesofturtleslovetoeat。Yetlotsofplasticobjectsthatendupinsideturtleshavenosimilaritytojellyfish。JosephPfalleroftheUniversityofFloridathereforesuspectsthatthesmellofmarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物）whichgrowonfloatingplasticobjectsfoolsturtlesintofeeding。Theideathatthesmelloffloatingplasticobjectsmightlureanimalstotheirdeathfirstemergedin2016。ResearchersattheUniversityofCalifornianoticedthatcertainchemicals，notablydimethylsulphide(二甲基硫），whicharereleasedintotheairbyfloatingplastics,arethosewhichmanyseabirdssniff（嗅）totrackdownfood。Thesechemicalsmarkgoodplacestohuntbecausetheyindicateplentyofthealgae(海藻）andbacteria（細(xì)菌)。Theresearchersalsofoundthatbirdswhichpursuetheirfoodinthiswayarefiveorsixtimesmorelikelytoeatplasticthanthosewhichdonot。Sinceturtlesareknowntobreakthesurfaceperiodicallyandsnifftheairwhenfindingthewaytotheirfeedingareas，DrPfallertheorisedthattheyarefollowingthesesamechemicals，andarelikewisefooledintothinkingthatfloatingplasticobjectsareeatable。Totestthatidea，heandhiscolleaguessetupanexperiment。Theyarrangedfor15turtlestobeexposedtofoursmells：thevapourfromdeionisedwater;thesmellofturtle-feedingballsmadeofshrimpandfishmeal;thesmellofacleanplasticbottlechoppedupintotenpieces；andthesmellofasimilarlychoppedbottlethathadbeenkeptintheoceanforfiveweekstoallowalgaeandbacteriatogrowonit。Twoofthesmellsprovedfarmoreattractivetotheanimalsthantheothers。Whensniffingboththesmelloffoodballsandthatoffive-week—oldbottles,turtleskepttheirnostrilsoutofthewatermorethanthreetimesaslong,andtooktwiceasmanybreathsastheydidwhenwhatwasonofferwasthesmelloffreshbottle-plasticordeionised—watervapour。Thoughtheyhavenotyettestedwhetherdimethylsulphideistheculprit,DrPfallerandhiscolleaguesthinkitisthemostlikelycandidate。Inanunpollutedocean，prettywellanythingwhichhadthissmellwouldbeeatable—or,atleast,harmless.Unfortunately,five—week-oldplasticbottlesandtheirlikearenot。38.Paragraph1mainlytellsusthatturtles________.A.mistakeplasticobjectsforjellyfishB.arefooledintoeatingplasticsbyasmellC。aredyingoutasaresultofplasticpollutionD.breakdownplasticswithoutmuchdifficulty39。Whatcanweinferfromtheresearchonseabirds?A.Seabirdseatplasticsforthetaste.B。Thealgaeandbacteriagrowwellonplastics。C。Researchersgottheideafromthestudyofturtles。D。Someseabirdspursuefoodinasimilarwaytoturtles.40.DrPfaller’sresearchshows_______.A.turtlespreferthesmellofplasticsB。turtlesliveonmarinemicroorganismsC.dimethylsulphidemaybetoblameforturtles’deathD。plasticsreleasethesamechemicalsasmicroorganisms41。Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toproposeanewwaytostudyturtles.B。Tostresstheimportanceofimprovingecosystem.C。Tointroducethefindingsonthecauseofturtles’death.D.Toexplaintheeffectsofplasticpollutiononseaanimals.【答案】38.B39.D40.C41。C【解析】本文是說明文.科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)海龜吃食海上漂浮的塑料制品導(dǎo)致大量死亡。通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，是因為生長在海上漂浮的塑料物體上的海洋微生物的氣味導(dǎo)致海洋動物去追蹤食物，才導(dǎo)致它們吃塑料制品?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段提到海龜有一個不幸習(xí)慣，就是吃漂浮在海里的塑料制品.根據(jù)第一段最后一句“…thesmellofmarinemicroorganisms（海洋微生物）whichgrowonfloatingplasticobjectsfoolsturtlesintofeeding。”可知，海龜吃塑料制品是因為生長在漂浮的塑料物上的海洋微生物的氣味誘使它們。故選B項?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題.根據(jù)第二段中“ResearchersattheUniversityofCalifornianoticedthatcertainchemicals,notablydimethylsulphide（二甲基硫）,whicharereleasedintotheairbyfloatingplastics,arethosewhichmanyseabirdssniff(嗅)totrackdownfood?！焙Ｉ掀∷芰衔矬w的氣味可能會導(dǎo)致動物死亡,是因為某些漂浮的塑料物體釋放到空氣中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，那些海鳥嗅到,然后追蹤食物。而海龜也是因為這種原因才吃漂浮的塑料制品。從對海鳥的研究中可以推斷出一些海鳥捕食的方式與海龜相似。故選D項?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中“Thoughtheyhavenotyettestedwhetherdimethylsulphideistheculprit,DrPfallerandhiscolleaguesthinkitisthemostlikelycandidate.（盡管他們還沒有測試二甲基硫化物是否是罪魁禍?zhǔn)?，Pfaller博士和他的同事們認(rèn)為它是最有可能的候選者.)”可知，Pfaller博士的研究顯示二甲基硫化物應(yīng)該是導(dǎo)致海龜死亡的原因.故選C項.【41題詳解】推理判斷題.通讀全文，文章以海龜吃食海上漂浮的塑料制品為例，通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，生長在海上漂浮的塑料物體上的海洋微生物的氣味導(dǎo)致海洋動物去追蹤食物。根據(jù)文章第四段“Totestthatidea,heandhiscolleaguessetupanexperiment.”，文章主要是介紹關(guān)于海龜吃塑料制品死亡原因的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選C項。DScientistsoftencomplainthatpeoplearenotrational（理性的)intheiroppositiontotechnologiessuchasnuclearpowerandgeneticallymodified（GM)crops.Fromastatisticalperspective,theseareverysafe，andsopeopledfearcanbeexplainedonlybyemotion，strengthenedbyignorance.Electricityfromnuclearpowerhasledtofarfewerdirectdeathsthanhascoalfiredpower,yetmanypeopleareafraidofit,andhardlyanyoneisafraidofcoalplants.SimilarargumentscanbemadeaboutGMcrops，whichstudieshaveshownaregenerallysafeformostpeopletoeat.Scientificilliteracy（無知)maybepartoftheproblem。Mostofusareafraidofthingswedon’tunderstand,andstudieshaveshownthatscientiststendtobemoreacceptingofpotentiallyriskytechnologiesthanlaypeople.Thissuggeststhatwhenpeopleknowalotaboutsuchtechnologies,theyareusuallyreassured。Butthere’smoretotheissuethanmeetstheeye.Itistruethatmanyofusfeartheunknown，butitisalsotruethatwedon’tcareenoughaboutroutinerisks。Partoftheexplanationiscomplacency:wetendnottofearthefamiliar,andthusfamiliaritycanleadustounderestimaterisk.TheinvestigationintotheDeepwaterHorizonblowoutandoilspill(原油泄漏)in2010showedthatcomplacency—amongexecutives,amongengineersandamonggovernmentofficials-wasamajorcauseofthatdisaster。Sothefactthatexpertsareunworriedaboutathreatisnotnecessarilyreassuring.Scientistsalsomakeamistakewhentheyassumethatpublicconcernsarewhollyorevenmostlyaboutsafety.SomepeopleobjecttoGMcropsbecausethesecropsfacilitatetheincreaseduseofchemicals。OthershaveaproblemwiththesocialimpactsthatswitchingtoGMorganismscanhaveontraditionalfarmingcommunitiesorwiththepoliticalimplicationsofleavingalargeshareofthefoodsupplyinthehandsofafewcorporations.Geoengineering(地球工程學(xué))tolessentheimpactsofclimatechangeisanotherexample.Laypeopleaswellasscientistsaremoreconcernedaboutoversight（監(jiān)管）thansafety.Whowilldecidewhetherthisisagoodwaytodealwithclimatechange？IfweundertaketheprojectofsettingtheglobaltemperaturebycontrollinghowmuchsunlightreachesEarth'ssurface,whowillbeincludedinthat“we”andbywhatprocesswillthe“right”globaltemperaturebechosen?Canwesaywhichgroup’sviewisclosertoanaccurateassessment?42.Theunderlinedword“complacency”inParagraph3probablymeans________.A。overconfidence B。predictionC。underestimation D。carelessness43.Theexampleofgeoengineeringisusedtoarguethat________。A。safetyisnotthewholeconcernofthepublicB。geoengineeringishighlyrecognizedbyscientistsC。thepublicareunnecessarilytroubledbyclimatechangeD.lesseningtheimpactsofclimatechangeisagreatchallenge44。Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？A。Scientificilliteracyisamajorcauseofdisasters.B.Thesafetyoftechnologiescanbeaccuratelyassessed.C。Scientistsmisjudgepeople'soppositiontotechnologies.D。Peopleareunworriedaboutriskswithproperoversight。45Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage？A.IgnoranceorSafetyB.WhoIsRationalAboutRiskC。WhyCan’tPeopleTrustTechnologyD.ShouldScientistsHaveaSayinRisk【答案】42.A43。A44。C45。B【解析】本文是議論文。公眾對一些科學(xué)技術(shù)，如核能和轉(zhuǎn)基因（GM）作物持反對態(tài)度。文章說明了原因:對未知的東西感到擔(dān)心。但是科學(xué)家們對熟知的事物往往又低估了風(fēng)險，這也讓公眾擔(dān)憂。公眾關(guān)心的除了安全問題之外，還有監(jiān)管問題?！?2題詳解】詞義猜測題.根據(jù)第三段中劃線詞后對該詞解釋“wetendnottofearthefamiliar”,人們不在意日常的風(fēng)險，其原因是因為覺得對它們熟悉,從而過于自信，覺得可以應(yīng)對它們.因此可以推測,complacency與overconfidence同義。故選A項。【43題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第五段中“Geoengineering（地球工程學(xué))tolessentheimpactsofclimatechangeisanotherexample.Laypeopleaswellasscientistsaremoreconcernedaboutoversightthansafety。（利用地球工程來減少氣候變化的影響是另一個例子。比起安全來說，不僅科學(xué)家，非專業(yè)人員也更關(guān)心監(jiān)督。）”可以推斷，文章舉地球工程的例子，是論證安