牛津譯林版英語中考語法專題清單三代詞講義

備戰(zhàn)2024年中考語法專題清單三、代詞一、清單導(dǎo)圖代詞代詞反身代詞物主代詞疑問代詞相互代詞不定代詞指示代詞人稱代詞反身代詞物主代詞疑問代詞相互代詞不定代詞指示代詞人稱代詞通過分析全國近3年百套重點省市真題可知，代詞是中考的必考點之一。主要有以下命題角度：人稱代詞（高頻）、不定代詞（高頻）、物主代詞（高頻）、反身代詞（高頻）、指示代詞的用法，疑問代詞的辨析，也會在定語從句中考查關(guān)系代詞，在賓語從句中考查連接代詞的用法?？疾樾问揭詥雾椷x擇、完形填空和語篇填空為主。二、知識講解一）、人稱代詞、物主代詞以及反身代詞類別漢語單復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞主格賓格形物代名物代第一人稱我單Imemyminemyself我們復(fù)weusouroursourselves第二人稱你單youyouyouryoursyourself你們復(fù)youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人稱他單hehimhishishimself她sheherherhersherself它itititsitsitself他她它們復(fù)theythemtheirtheirsthemselves人稱代詞的句法功能人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分，主格在句中作主語，賓格在句中作賓語、表語、同位語等。

（1)作主語作主語時用主格。I

meant

to

e

on

time,but

I

was

held

up.我本打算按時到的，但我被耽擱了。作賓語作賓語時用賓格。Winnie

is

a

nice

girl.

We

all

like

her.溫妮是個好姑娘。我們都喜歡她。Don't

depend

on

John.

He

has

nothing

in

him.不要指望約翰。他沒有什么長處。作表語作表語時常用賓格。That

must

be

her

now.

這會兒一定是她了。－Who

gave

out

the

news?誰把消息傳出去的？－It's

me.

是我。作同位語作同位語時用賓格。We,us

three,will

be

able

to

fulfill

the

task.我們?nèi)齻€人就能完成這項任務(wù)。2、人稱代詞用法詳解（1)we,you,they都可泛指復(fù)數(shù)“人們”，在翻譯成漢語時一般不直接譯為“我們”、“你們”、“他們”。

They

say

that

everyone

can

make

mistakes.人們說每個人都是會犯錯誤的。（2)he,she表示“物”。①指代寵愛的動物、通人性的動物往往用he或she;不帶有感情色彩時用it.

Would

you

please

take

care

of

my

parrot?

She

needs

goodcare.

你能不能照顧一下我的鸚鵡？它需要好好照顧。（She指代

my

parrot)

②she可以用來指代國家、船只等。China

wilI

always

do

what

she

has

promised

to

do.中國將一直重信守諾。③在詩歌、寓言、故事中，溫柔、善良的動物（鹿、貓、熊貓、小鳥等）常用she替代，兇猛、粗野的動物（老虎、獅子、狼、熊、狐貍等）常用he替代。

The

fierce

tiger

came

at

the

monkey,but

he

missedher.兇猛的老虎向猴子撲來，但沒捕到。

知識拓展人稱代詞在特定結(jié)構(gòu)中的用法

①人稱代詞單獨使用時，常用賓格而不用主格。－I'd

like

to

stay

here

for

another

week.－我想在這里再待上一周。

－Me

too.

－我也是。②幾個人稱代詞并列時的次序排序具體場景典型示例人稱代詞的排序單數(shù)的場合：you＋he/she+IYou,he

and

I

are

of

the

same

age.你、他和我是同齡人。復(fù)數(shù)的場合：we＋you+theyWe,you

and

they

are

all

Chinese.我們、你們和他們都是中國人。男女兩性并列場合：he+sheHe

and

she

don't

agree

with

me.他和她都不同意我的看法。Every

student

must

finish

his

or

herhomework

by

tomorrow.每個學(xué)生在明天前必須把作業(yè)做完。表示承擔(dān)責(zé)任時：把I/me或we/us放在第一位We,you

and

they

have

all

made

mistakes.我們、你們和他們都犯了錯誤。

溫馨提示

人稱代詞順序口訣單數(shù)并列231(you,he/she,I).復(fù)數(shù)并列123(we,you1,they).倘若要把責(zé)任擔(dān)，第一人稱要當(dāng)先。兩性并列為三單，男先女后是習(xí)慣。

it是第三人稱單數(shù)主格或賓格，在句中可充當(dāng)主語或賓語。

（1)it作代詞it主要指某樣?xùn)|西、抽象事物、不知性別的嬰兒、身份不明確的某一個人，也可指時間、距離、天氣等。①指上文提到的某樣?xùn)|西Where

is

my

dictionary?

I

left

it

right

on

the

desk.我的詞典哪里去了？我就把它放在桌子上了。②指抽象事物You've

helped

me

a

lot.

I

shall

never

forget

it.你幫了我很多。我永遠也不會忘記你對我的幫助。③指嬰兒，尤其是性別不詳時What

a

beautiful

baby!

Is

it

a

boy?多漂亮的寶寶呀！是男孩嗎？④指身份不明確的某個人－Who

is

knocking

on

the

door?誰在敲門？－It

might

be

the

postman.

可能是郵遞員。

溫馨提示

he,she,they和it如果指的是一個或一些身份明確的人，不用it,而用he,shethey.I

would

like

to

introduce

my

friend

Albert

to

you.

He

isa

violinist.

我想向你介紹我的朋友艾伯特。他是名小提琴手。The

Greens

will

e

over

to

have

dinner

with

us.

Theyare

our

good

friends.

格林夫婦要來和我們一起吃晚飯。他們是我們的好朋友。

⑤指時間－What

day

is

it

today?－今天星期幾？

－It's

Sunday.－今天星期日。⑥指天氣、環(huán)境In

winter

it

gets

dark

early.

冬天天黑得早。It's

very

noisy

in

the

room.

屋里吵得很。⑦指距離－How

far

is

it

to

Chicago?到芝加哥有多遠？－It

is

800

kilometers.800公里。

（2)it作形式主語不定式、動名詞、從句作句子主語時，為保持句子平衡，通常把它們放在句末，而在句首使用形式主語it.

it用作形式主語的重要句型：①

It+be+adj.

(+for

sb.)+to

do

sth.It

is

very

important

for

me

to

learn

a

foreign

language.學(xué)一門外語對我來說非常重要。②

It+takes/took

(+sb.

)

+some

time+to

do

sth.It

took

him

fourteen

hours

to

go

to

New

Zealand

fromShanghai

by

plane.從上海乘飛機去新西蘭花了他14個小時。③It+be+過去分詞＋that.

.

.該句型中常見的動詞有：say,hope,think,suppose,expect,report,believe等。It

is

said

that

they

have

invented

a

new

type

of

puter.據(jù)說他們發(fā)明了一種新型電腦。It

is

believed

that

China

will

bee

one

of

the

strongestcountries

in

the

world.大家都相信中國將會步入世界強國之列。

④It's

time

to

do/for/that.

.

.It's

time

to

go

to

school.

到上學(xué)的時間了⑤It

seems

that.

.

.It

seems

that

he

has

known

everything.他似乎什么都知道了。⑥It's

one's

turn

to

do.

.

.It's

your

turn

to

read.

輪到你讀了。⑦It's+adj.

+that從句It's

clear

that

you're

making

mistakes.很顯然你正在犯錯誤。⑧It+be+名詞詞組＋doing

sth.It

is

no

good

telling

lies.

撒謊沒好處。

（3)it作形式賓語it作形式賓語常代替不定式、動名詞和that從句，此時將it置于謂語動詞之后，不定式、動名詞和that從句放在最后。I

find

it

hard

to

learn

gymnastics.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)體操很難。I

feel

it

necessary

to

take

plenty

of

exercise

every

day.我覺得每天進行大量的鍛煉很有必要。二）、物主代詞

物主代詞物主代詞是表示所有關(guān)系的代詞，分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。形容詞性物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞只能作定語，總是在所有修飾詞的最前面。Thank

you

for

your

last

letter.謝謝你上次的來信。My

second

English

teacher

is

Mr.

Green.我的第二任英語老師是格林先生。名詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞＋名詞”。名詞性物主代詞具有名詞的特性，常用于避免重復(fù)前面已提及的名詞，在句中可作主語、賓語或表語。This

isn't

my

pen.

Mine

is

new.這不是我的鋼筆。我的是新的。Are

those

books

yours,

Daniel?丹尼爾，那些書是你的嗎？形容詞性物主代詞變名詞性物主代詞的規(guī)律：一變二不變，其余加s.說明：一變指my變成mine,

二不變指his和its不變，其余加s指剩余的五個形容詞性物主代詞加s變?yōu)槊~性物主代詞。形容詞性物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，置于名詞之前，作定語。它們的人稱、數(shù)和性別取決于它們所指代的名詞或代詞。Is

this

your

seat,sir?先生，請問這是您的座位嗎？Jane

loves

her

job.

簡熱愛她的工作。

知識拓展

形容詞性物主代詞后可加own,也可構(gòu)成of

one's

own結(jié)構(gòu)表示強調(diào)。

Why

nnot

use

your

own

pen?為什么不用你自己的鋼筆呢？I

want

a

car

of

my

own.

我想要一輛我自己的車。名詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞＋名詞”，不能用于名詞之前，它們的形式取決于它們所指代的名詞或代詞。名詞性物主代詞在句中作主語、表語、賓語或與of連用作定語。名詞性物主代詞的句法功能：①作主語This

is

not

my

dictionary.

Mine

is

lent

to

Lucy.這不是我的詞典。我的借給露西了。②作表語This

camera

is

mine

and

that

is

yours.這部照相機是我的，那部是你的。③作賓語Every

person

showed

his

ticket,and

I

showed

mine

too.每個人都出示了票，我也出示了。=4\*GB3④與of連用作定語Adeline

is

a

friend

of

mine.艾德琳是我的一位朋友。、反身代詞反身代詞反身代詞表示“我自己”“你自己”“他自已”“我們自己”“你們自己”和“他們自己”，有人稱和數(shù)的變化。

（1)作動詞的賓語反身代詞經(jīng)常用在enjoy、teach、hurt、buy、introduce、dress、express、help、wash

等動詞的后面作賓語。

One

should

not

praise

oneself.人不應(yīng)該自吹自擂。She

is

teaching

herself

English.她正在自學(xué)英語。（2）作介詞的賓語介詞to、by、of、for等，后面經(jīng)常用反身代詞作賓語。

The

old

woman

often

talks

to

herself.那位老太太經(jīng)常自言自語。She

lives

by

herself

in

the

country.她獨自住在鄉(xiāng)下。（3）作同位語反身代詞作主語、賓語的同位語使用，用于加強語氣，通常直接跟在被說明的詞后，若作主語的同位語，有時還可放在句尾。Did

you

make

the

cake

yourself?這蛋糕是你親自做的嗎？（yourself作主語you的同位語）I

wish

I

could

hear

Beethoven

himself

playthis

music.我希望我能聽到貝多芬自己彈奏這首曲子。（himself作賓語

Beethoven的同位語）（4)常見的含有反身代詞的固定搭配help

oneself

to.

.

.

隨便?。裕取?。

.

.

.

.leave

one

by

oneself

把某人單獨留下say

to

oneself

自言自語（all)by

oneself

單獨地；獨自地enjoy

oneself

過得愉快；玩得高興 四）、指示代詞指示代詞是用來指代或標(biāo)記人或事物的代詞，表示“這個／些”“那個／些”。常用的指示代詞有

this,that,these,those.this,that指代單數(shù)；these,those指代復(fù)數(shù)。

指示代詞近指遠指單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)this√√that√√these√√those√√指示代詞的作用指示代詞在句中可以作主語、定語、表語、賓語等成分。作主語Charlie,this

is

my

friend

Amy.查利，這是我的朋友埃米。作定語These

books

are

intended

for

first

graders.這些書是專供一年級的學(xué)生用的作表語What

I

want

to

stress

is

this.我想強調(diào)的就是這一點。作賓語What

do

you

think

of

this?你覺得這個怎么樣？指示代詞用法詳解指示代詞this,these往往指在時間或空間上較近的人或物；that,those則指在時間或空間上較遠的人或物。

I

love

these

books

but

I

don't

like

those

(ones)

.我喜歡這些書，但不喜歡那些。（these近指，those遠指）知識拓展

①英國人打時，this

指自己，that

指別人。Hello!

This

is

is

that

speaking?喂！我是艾倫。您是哪位？②剛提到過的或已經(jīng)完成的事情用that,即將發(fā)生或?qū)⒁岬降氖虑橛胻his.

Little

George

broke

the

vase,but

he

didn't

admit

it.

Thatwas

very

annoying.

小喬治打碎了花瓶，但他自己還不承認。那真是太讓人惱火了。

（2)that與those常用來代替已提到的名詞，以避免重復(fù)，用法區(qū)別：

“that”，多才多藝，身體多樣化，既可指代不可數(shù)名詞，又可指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時等于the

one.

“those”，主攻一項，只能指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，相當(dāng)于the

ones.

This

puter

works

faster

than

that

(=the

one)

you

justbought.

這臺計算機比你剛買的那臺速度快。（that指代

theputer)The

climate

of

China

is

quite

similar

to

that

of

the

USA.中國的氣候和美國的氣候很相似。（that

代替

theclimate)

The

days

in

summer

are

longer

than

those

(=the

ones)

inwinter.

夏天的白天比冬天的白天更長。（those

代替

thedays)

五）不定代詞不明確指代某個（些）人或事物的代詞叫不定代詞。不定代詞沒有主格和賓格之分，在句中可作主語、賓語、表語或者定語。常用不定代詞的用法區(qū)別1、some和any的區(qū)別詞匯用法例句some（一些）可指代或修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞。一般用于肯定句中，但是在疑問句中，若要表示說話人希望得到肯定回答或表示請求，建議時用someWouldyoulikesomecoffee？你想喝點咖啡嗎？any可指代或修飾可數(shù)名詞。和不可數(shù)名詞。多用于疑問句、否定句和條件句中，表示“一些”；也可用冰箱里沒有牛于肯定句中，表示“任一”There

isn'tmilkinthefridge.冰箱里沒有牛奶了。few、a

few、little

與a

little詞匯用法例句few（很少的，不多的）表示否定含義，與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用Very

few

of

his

books

areworth

reading.a

few（一些，幾個）表示肯定含義，與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用I

recognized

a

few

of

theother

people.

我認出了一些其他的人。little（不多的）表示否定含義，與不可數(shù)名詞連用She

said

little

or

nothingabouther

experience.她對自己的經(jīng)歷幾乎只字不提。a

little（少量的，

一些）表示肯定含義，與不可數(shù)名詞連用I

have

only

read

a

little

ofthe

book

so

far.

到目前為止，這本書我才讀了一小部分。

3、other、theother、others、theothers與another詞匯用法例句other只作定語，常與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用；但如果前面有the、some、any、each、every、no、my等，則可與單數(shù)名詞連用Are

there

anyquestions?還有其他問題嗎？theother常與one連用，構(gòu)成“one.

.

.

,the

other.

.

.

”結(jié)構(gòu)；作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，表示“其余的全部”She

has

two

sons.

Oneis

in

Beijing,and

the

other

is

in

Shanghai.

她有兩個兒子。一個在北京，另一個在上海。others泛指別的人或物（但不是全部），不能作定語，可以構(gòu)成“some.

.

.

,others.

.

.

”結(jié)構(gòu)There

are

lots

of

peoplein

the

park.

Some

aredancing,

and

others

areboating.

公園里有許多人。有的在跳舞，有的在劃船。theothers特指在一個整體中剩余的全部There

are

forty

studentsin

our

class.

Thirty

ofus

e

to

school

bybike,and

the

others

allwalk

to

school.

我們班有40名學(xué)生。其中有30人騎自行車上學(xué)，其余的都步行上學(xué)。another指三者或者三者以上中的任何一個，用作形容詞或代詞Idon’tlikethisone.pleasegivemeanotherone我不喜歡這個請給我另一個溫馨提示①the

other后接day,night等時間名詞時，表示“幾天前”“幾天前的一個晚上”等。

I

met

your

sister

in

the

street

the

other

day前幾天我在街上見到你姐姐了。②another

常用在數(shù)詞前面，“another+數(shù)詞＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于“數(shù)詞＋more/other+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”，表示在原有的基礎(chǔ)上需要更多數(shù)量的東西。另外，another

不能與冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞等連用。

4、both、neither、either、all與some詞匯意義常用短語例句both(兩者都)both...and...······和··（兩者）都Bothofmygrandfathersarefarmers.

我的祖父和外祖父都是農(nóng)民。

neither（兩者都不）neither.

.

.nor.

.既不······也······

Neither

of

the

twoboys

is

clever.

兩個男孩都不聰明。either（兩者中的）任意一個either.

.

.or.

.

.

或者······或者······;要么······要么······There

are

flowers

oneither

side

of

the

street.街道兩旁都有花。all（三者或三者以上）所有，全部all

of.

.

.

（三者或三者以上）都All

of

the

flowers

aregone.所有的花都謝了some（三者或三者以上）都不none

of.

.

.

(三或三者者或三者以上）都不I

like

none

of

theflowers.

這些花我都不喜歡提醒：both表示“兩者都”，作主語時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；either表示“（兩者中的）任何一個或（兩者中的）每一個都”；neither表示“兩者都不”；either,neither作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。這三個詞都可單獨使用，也可作定語。

I

have

two

sisters.

Both

work

in

Shanghai.我有兩個姐姐，她們都在上海工作。（作主語）The

little

girl

can

write

with

either

hand.這個小姑娘哪只手寫字都行。（作定語）Neither

answer

is

correct.兩個簽案都不正確。（作定語）

5、it、one和that的區(qū)別詞匯意義舉例It指上文出現(xiàn)過的同一事物I

left

my

dictionary

on

the

desk,but

it

is

gone.

我把我的詞典放桌子上了，但它不見了。one代替與前面事物同一類的事物，并不是同一個事物I

don't

like

this

shirt.

Could

youshow

me

a

better

one?我不喜歡這件襯衫，可以給我拿一件更好的嗎？

that可替代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，也可代替不可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于“the+名詞”The

book

is

better

than

that

on

theshelf.

這本書比架子上那本好。

溫馨提示one只能代替可數(shù)名詞如果代替的是特指的不可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用that.

I'm

moving

to

the

countryside

because

the

air

there

ismuch

fresher

than

that

in

the

city.

我要搬到鄉(xiāng)下去，因為那里的空氣比城里的空氣新鮮得多。none和noone的用法代詞指代對象含義具體用法noone常指代人只能為可數(shù)回答who引起的特殊疑問句；noone

可用nobody替代，作主語時，其后的謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式none指代人或物可數(shù)、不可數(shù)皆可以回答

how

many/much引起的特殊疑問句；none往往指三者或三者以上“沒有一個”，可與of連用作主語指可數(shù)名詞時謂語動詞既可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)一each和every的區(qū)別代詞指代對象含義具體用法與of搭配情況each每個，強調(diào)個體做主語、賓語、定語、同位語；做主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)兩者或兩者以上可以與of搭配使用every每個描述整體只能作定語，修飾名詞做主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式三者或三者以上不可以與of搭配使用Each

child

was

given

a

nice

gift.每個孩子都得到了一份精美的禮物。Tokyo

and

London

are

two

large

cities.

I

really

love

each（of

them).

東京和倫敦是兩個大城市。兩個城市我確實都喜歡。

We

each

know

what

we

should

do

next.我們每個人都知道下一步該做什么。Every

student

will

be

involved

in

the

research.每個學(xué)生都將參與這項研究。

知識拓展

①表示“每隔···.

.

.

”“每·····.

”，要用“every+基數(shù)詞＋名詞”。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的every不能用each替代。

We

hand

in

our

homework

every

three

days.我們每隔兩天交一次作業(yè)。②each的位置和形式比較靈活，下列幾種表達都是正確的：I

bought

the

boys

each

an

ice

cream.

(=I

bought

each

ofthe

boys

an

ice

cream.

)

我給男孩子們每人買了一個冰激凌。

溫馨提示①each

作主語的同位語時，不影響謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。

②every是限定詞，只能作定語修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。③every與否定詞not連用，表示部分否定。10、復(fù)合不定代詞分類someanynoevery人somebody(某人)anybody(任何人)nobody(沒有人)everybody(每人)someone(某人)anyone(任何人)no

one(沒有人)everyone(每人)物something(某物)anything(任何東西)nothing(沒有東西)everything(每件東西)由－one和－body構(gòu)成的不定代詞可以相互換用，只是前者較文雅，后者常用于口語中。Someone/Somebody

has

left

his

handbag

behind.有人把手提包落下了。（2)some一類復(fù)合不定代詞主要用于肯定句中，any一類復(fù)合不定代詞主要用于否定句、疑問句和條件句中。當(dāng)some一類復(fù)合不定代詞用于否定句、疑問句和條件句時，往往表示希望對方給予肯定的答復(fù)，表示肯定的意義。當(dāng)any一類復(fù)合不定代詞用于肯定句時表示“任何”之意。

If

you

don't

know

the

answer,ask

somebody/someoneelse.

如果你不知道答案，就問問別人。

If

anybody

calls,tell

him

I'm

out,but

take

down

his

nameand

phone

number.

如果有人來，告訴他我出去了，但要寫下他的姓名和號碼。

Why

don't

you

do

something

for

the

family?你為什么不為家庭做點事情呢？（something用于否定的特殊疑問句，表示強烈建議對方做點事情）

（3)復(fù)合不定代詞后可加－＇s構(gòu)成所有格。I'd

rather

do

the

work

without

anyone's

help.我寧愿自己干這活兒而不要任何人的幫助。（4）復(fù)合不定代詞后常加else,表示“另外······的”，所有格是else's.

I

got

the

job

because

nobody

else

wanted

it.我得到了這份工作，因為沒有其他人想做這份工作。（5)此類復(fù)合不定代詞的定語（介詞短語、形容詞、定語從句等）常置于不定代詞的后面。

We're

trying

to

do

everything

possible

to

help

you.我們正盡一切可能幫助你。（6)everyone指“每個人”、“人人”，只指人；every

one指“每個”，既可指人，也可指物。everyone后不能跟

of短語，而every

one后可加

of短語。anyone與

any

one的區(qū)別類似于everyone與every

one的區(qū)別。Every

one

of

us

objected

to

the

new

plan.我們每個人都反對這個新計劃。Has

any

one

of

you

been

to

our

city

before?你們中有人以前來過我們的城市嗎？（7)somebody,anybody

可指有一點地位或小有名氣的人物；nobody指沒有地位的人或默默無聞的人物；something往往指了不起的東西；nothing指無關(guān)緊要的東西。Those

who

think

themselves

somebodies

are

usuallynobodies.

那些自以為是重量級人物的人往往無足輕重。

知識拓展something

構(gòu)成的習(xí)慣用法

①something

like

大約，左右The

cost

of

this

trip

will

be

something

like

500

US

dollars.這次旅行的花費大約會是500美金。②something

of

有幾分The

news

came

as

something

of

a

surprise.這消息讓人感到有點意外。Don't

you

think

that

he

is

something

of

a

liar?你不認為他不太老實嗎？③or

something(放在名詞后，表示沒有把握）諸如此類，或什么的

I

hear

that

your

team

has

won

first

prize

or

something.我聽說你們隊獲得了一等獎什么的。六）、相互代詞

相互代詞主要有each

other,one

another,意為“互相，相互”。

I

think

you

and

I

must

have

misunderstood

each

other/oneanother.

我想你我之間一定是有什么誤會。

We

are

good

friends,andwe

often

help

each

other.

（1)在句中只能作動詞和介詞的賓語。The

twin

sisters

look

very

much

like

each

other

and

theylove

and

respect

each

other.

這對孿生姐妹長得非常像，并且她們互愛互敬。each

other

和

one

another的所有格形式為eachother's和

one

another's.

We

can

wear

each

other's/one

another's

clothes.我們可以相互換著衣服穿。each

other

與one

another

不能作主語，但可以用each(of).

.

.the

other.

.

.

替代。

Each

shouldn't

blame

the

other

but

should

help

the

other.彼此不應(yīng)相互埋怨，而應(yīng)相互幫助。七）、疑問代詞用來進行提問的代詞便是疑問代詞。疑問代詞主要包括who,whom,whose,which,what等。疑問代詞有主格、賓格和屬格之分，在句中所作的成分也不相同。疑問代詞各有其不同的含義，在選用疑問代詞時需根據(jù)其具體的含義而定。形式功能主語賓語表語定語指人主格who√√√賓格whom√屬格whose√√√√指物which√√√what√√√√who,whom的用法who的意思是“誰”，可以指代單數(shù)，也可指代復(fù)數(shù)。在語和介詞賓語。作動詞賓語時可與who互換。作介詞賓語時只能用whom,但如果不出現(xiàn)在介詞后，也可用who替代。Whom/Who

did

you

often

play

with

when

you

wereachild?小時候你常和誰玩？（作介詞with的賓語）With

whom

did

you

discuss

the

question?你和誰一起討論的這個問題？（whom不可用who替代，因為前面有介詞with)whose的用法表示“誰的”，既可置于名詞（可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)、可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞）前作定語，也可單獨使用。在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語。Their

handwriting

is

very

good,but

whose

is

the

best?他們的字都很好，但誰的最好？Whose

car

do

you

love

better,

Jack's

or

Sally's?你更喜歡誰的汽車呢，杰克的還是薩莉的？which的用法表示“哪一個，哪一些”，既可指人也可指物，既可指可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，也可指可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，還可指不可數(shù)名詞。在句中作主語、賓語、定語等。Which

are

cheaper,these

printers

or

those?這些打印機和那些打印機，哪些更便宜？（作主語，指代復(fù)數(shù)）Which

foreign

language

have

you

leamed?你已經(jīng)學(xué)了哪種外語？what的用法表示“什么”，可單獨使用，也可放在名詞前，既可以指代或修飾單數(shù)，也可以指代或修飾復(fù)數(shù)。在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、定語。What

makes

you

love

your

hometown

so

much?是什么使你這么熱愛你的家鄉(xiāng)？（作主語，指代單數(shù)）What

are

your

reasons

for

resigning?你辭職的原因有哪些？（作主語，指代復(fù)數(shù)）重點難點①“What

be+主語？”和“What

do/does+主語＋do?”可用于詢問職業(yè)。What

is

your

elder

sister?

你姐姐是干什么的？What

(=What

job)

does

he

do?他是做什么工作的？②“What

be+主語＋like?”和“What

do/does+主語＋looklike?”前者詢問品行和天氣狀況，后者詢問長相。I

have

never

met

her.

What

does

she

look

like?我從未見過她。她長什么樣？One

of

the

twins

is

very

talkative,friendly

and

open.

Whatis

the

other

like?這對雙胞胎中的一個很健談，待人友好，坦誠直率。另一個什么樣？③“What.

.

.for?”和“What

for?”用于詢問原因和目的。－What

did

you

put

it

into

the

soup

for?－你為什么把那東西放到湯里去？－It

would

improve

the

taste.－它會使湯的味道更好。－I'm

going

to

the

grocery

store.－我打算去食品雜貨店。－What

for?

We

still

have

enough

food

in

the

fridge.－為什么?。课覀儽淅镞€有足夠的食品。④“What

if.

.

.

?”表示“要是······會怎么樣”。What

if

the

train

is

late?火車要是晚點會怎么樣呢？what的習(xí)慣用法⑤“What

do

you

mean(by.

.

.

)?”表示“憤怒、不滿”等情緒。

What

do

you

mean

by

shutting

the

door

so

loudly?你關(guān)門這么大聲音是什么意思？⑥“What/How

about.

.

.

?”用于征求對方的意見、詢問對方的情況或提出建議。

It

is

hot

today.

What

about

going

swimming?今天天很熱。去游泳怎么樣？I'm

going

to

tour

around

Shanghai

over

the

vacation.

Whatabout

you?假期里我準(zhǔn)備周游上海。你呢？⑦“What

age/height/depth/length/width/weight/colour/size/material/shape+be.

.

.

?”用于詢問人或事物的性質(zhì)和特征，在口語中常用“How

old/big/long/heavy.

.

.

?”結(jié)構(gòu)。What

age

are

you?

(=What

is

your

age?

=How

old

are

you?)你多大了？What

size

are

the

shoes?這雙鞋是多大號的？What

colour

is

the

flower?這種花是什么顏色的？

知識拓展

疑問代詞作主語時，動詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式要根據(jù)它們代表的數(shù)決定。如果數(shù)的概念不清，動詞多用單數(shù)形式。Who

are

in

the

playground?誰在操場上？（問話者和聽話者都知道操場上有一些人）Who

is

in

the

room?誰在屋內(nèi)？（問話者和聽話者可能都不知道屋內(nèi)是否有人或有多少人）解題策略：策略1區(qū)別代詞的格人稱代詞主要考查具體語言環(huán)境中主格和賓格的選擇。主格主要看是否在句中作主語，賓格主要看是否放在動詞或介詞后面。在解答人稱代詞相關(guān)題目時，我們應(yīng)首先分析上下文，劃分好句子成分，弄清代詞所指代的對象，從而避免誤判。典例、－Hi,Bob!Shall

we

flykites

this

Sunday?－Good

idea!

Remember

to

callthen.

IBme解析句意：－嗨，鮑勃！這個星期天我們?nèi)シ棚L(fēng)箏好嗎？－好主意！記得到時候給我打。動詞call

后接賓格作賓語。故選B.策略2區(qū)別物主代詞區(qū)別形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的一個方法是看設(shè)空處后面有沒有名詞。如果有名詞，則用形容詞性物主代詞；如果沒有名詞，則用名詞性物主代詞。典例－Is

this

Linda'snotebook?－No,it's

mine.

The

thick

one

on

the

desk

is解析句意：－這是琳達的筆記本嗎？不，它是我的。書桌上那本厚的是她的（筆記本）?？仗幈硎尽八模üP記本）”，應(yīng)用名詞性物主代詞hers.故選C.策略3區(qū)別不定代詞不定代詞的應(yīng)用是中考的重點，熟記常用不定代詞的用法，注意每個不定代詞的用法及含義上的不同是解題的關(guān)鍵。解題時結(jié)合語境具體分析，理解不定代詞的“數(shù)量關(guān)系”，如neither、both、all、each、every、other、another等。典例Some

animals

movefrom

one

place

toat

certain

times

ofthe

year.解析句意：有些動物在一年中的某些時候從一個地方遷移到另一個地方。another“另一；又一”，泛指三者或三者以上中的任何一個；other“另外；其他”；the

other

特指兩者中的另一個或兩部分中的另一部分；others泛指其他的人或物。根據(jù)句意可知選A.七、強化訓(xùn)練省內(nèi)中考模擬題(中考真題+名校最新真題)1．（2023·江蘇無錫·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—You’vebeensoquiettoday,Tom.Talktome.Saysomething.________!—WhatamIsupposedtosayafterallthis?Justleavemealone!A．Something B．Anything C．Everything D．Nothing2．（2023·江蘇無錫·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Thinkaboutitandask________:haveyoureallydoneeverythingright?A．you B．yourself C．me D．myself3．（2023·江蘇揚州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Thechildrenhavepaintedsince________couldfirstpickupabrush.A．they B．them C．their D．themselves4．（2022·江蘇鹽城·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Coffeeormilk,Jeff?—________isOK.Icarelittleaboutit.A．Both B．None C．Either D．Neither5．（2022·江蘇常州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Learningisalifelongjourney,foritbringsus________neweveryday.A．everything B．nothing C．a(chǎn)nything D．something6．（2022·江蘇徐州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）________isourdutytomakeourcountrybetterandstronger.A．It B．This C．That D．One7．（2022·江蘇無錫·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Coffeeortea,Frank?—Coffee,please.Togetrelaxed,________isbetterthanacupofcoffee.A．nothing B．a(chǎn)nything C．something D．everything8．（2022·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Thereisn’t________intheclassroom.AllthestudentsarehavingaPElessonintheplayground.A．somebody B．a(chǎn)nybody C．nobody D．everybody9．（2022·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考中考真題）OurEnglishteacher,MissLi,iskindandpatient.Wealllike________.A．she B．her C．hers D．herself10．（2021·江蘇淮安·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Pandasaresocute.Mostchildrenlike________.A．they B．them C．their D．themselves11．（2021·江蘇徐州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Ihavemyownadvantagesandmyfriendshave________.A．his B．hers C．theirs D．ours12．（2021·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Ienjoyplayingbadminton.WhenI’mrunningwithabatinmyhand,Idon’tworryabout________.A．something B．a(chǎn)nything C．everything D．nothing13．（2021·江蘇無錫·統(tǒng)考中考真題）一CanIaskyouonequestion?Andonlyone.一Sure.________.A．Something B．Anything C．Someone D．Anyone14．（2021·江蘇無錫·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Asparents,wemustask________:Arewelistening?Arewepatientenough?A．us B．ourselves C．me D．myself15．（2021·江蘇常州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）________isbetterworthmyrespectthanYuanLongping.HeistheprideofChina.A．Somebody B．Anybody C．Nobody D．Everybody16．（2021·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Is________here?—Yes.Weareallready.A．somebody B．neither C．everybody D．none17．（2021·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Amyhidunder________deskinahurrywhentheearthquakehappened.A．she B．her C．hers D．herself18．（2021·江蘇鹽城·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Whyareyoulaughing,Daniel?—Thereis________funnyinthenewspaper.eandsee.A．a(chǎn)nything B．something C．everything D．nothing19．（2021·江蘇蘇州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）ThegravityonMarsisonlyaboutthereeighthsof________ontheEarth.A．that B．those C．one D．ones20．（2021·江蘇揚州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Whichcolourdoyoulike,redorblue?—________.Ilikegreen.A．Either B．Both C．Neither D．None21．（2021·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Lookatthesign,please.Youcanparkyourcaron________sideofthestreet.A．both B．other C．either D．a(chǎn)ll22．（2021·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考中考真題）MissLi,ahumorousteacher,taught________mathslastterm.A．us B．our C．ours D．ourselves23．（2020·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—WhereareLilyandLucyfrom?—____arefromtheUSA．A．Ours B．We C．Theirs D．They24．（2020·江蘇常州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Wereyourequired___________homeduringtheoutbreakofCOVID19?—Yes.Luckily,theInternetmadeitpossibleformanyofus________fromhome.A．tostay;towork B．staying;towork C．tostay;work D．staying;work25．（2020·江蘇徐州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）It’saneitherorsituation—wecanbuyacamerathisyearorwecangoonholidaybutwecan’tdo________.A．other B．either C．a(chǎn)ll D．both26．（2020·江蘇常州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Takeiteasy.Therewillbe_________twobusesinginafewminutes.A．a(chǎn)nother B．other C．others D．theother27．（2020·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Haveyouasked___________aboutthecase?

—No,exceptBob.A．everybody B．a(chǎn)nybody C．nobody D．somebody28．（2020·江蘇無錫·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—WhatdoweknowaboutthenextOlympicGames?—Very________.Theonlynewsisthattheywon’tcancelit.A．a(chǎn)few B．few C．a(chǎn)little D．little29．（2020·江蘇泰州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Whoisatthedoor?—Adeliveryman(快遞員)or________wantingtosellhisnewproducts.A．everybody B．a(chǎn)nybody C．somebody D．nobody30．（2020·江蘇淮安·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Whenshallwegoonapicnic,SaturdayorSunday?—_________isOK.I'mfreethewholeweekend.A．Neither B．All C．Either D．Both31．（2020·江蘇淮安·統(tǒng)考中考真題）MyEnglishteacherhasagoodsenseofhumor.Wealllike_________.A．she B．her C．hers D．herself32．（2020·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Howdelicious!Didthestudentsmakethefruitsaladallby________?A．they B．them C．their D．themselves33．（2023·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考二模）Maryisakindgirlandsheneversays________aboutothersbehindtheirbacks.A．somethinggood B．nothingbad C．everythinggood D．a(chǎn)nythingbad34．（2023·江蘇常州·?？家荒＃狪sthere________newontheInternetthesedays?—Ofcourse.Anewchatrobot,GPT,beespopularamongtheyoungnetizens.A．a(chǎn)nything B．something C．everything D．nothing35．（2023·江蘇徐州·統(tǒng)考三模）—Whatdoyouthinkofthetwobooks?—________ofthemareinteresting.Iplantoreadthemagain.A．Both B．Neither C．Either D．All36．（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考二模）AliceisnowaCEOofabigpany.She’sreally________inZhenjiang.A．somebody B．everybody C．nobody D．a(chǎn)nybody37．（2023·江蘇揚州·校考一模）—Whohelpsyoudoyourhomework,yourfatheroryourmother?—________.Afterthe“doublereduction”policyiscarriedout,Icanfinishmyhomeworkatschool.A．None B．Either C．Both D．Neither38．（2023·江蘇南京·南師附中樹人學(xué)校?？既＃猅hisisthemostinterestingnovelIhaveeverread.—ButIdon’tthink________willlikeit.A．everybody B．a(chǎn)nybody C．somebody D．nobody39．（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考二模）—Whohelpsyouwithyourhomework,yourfatheroryourmother?—________Afterthe“doublereduction”policy（雙減政策）iscarriedout,I’mabletofinishmyhomeworkatschool.A．None. B．Either. C．Both. D．Neither.40．（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考二模）Now,theInternethasmade________muchfasterandeasiertotravel.Forexample,youcanbookticketsonlineandsearchforinformationeasily.A．this B．that C．it D．one41．（2023·江蘇連云港·?？既＃〢smilecosts________butitgivessomuch.Soweshouldlearntosmile.A．nothing B．something C．a(chǎn)nything D．everything42．（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考二模）—Whosefootballsarethese?Aretheyyours?—No,theyarenotours.Theybelongto________,theboysoverthere.A．they B．their C．them D．theirs43．（2023·江蘇南京·南京外國語學(xué)校仙林分校?？既＃狪sthereanynewmovieonatthecinema?—Yes.________thefilmGodspeed(《人生路不熟》)andarewonderful.Youcanchoose________ofthemtosee.A．Both;neither B．None;each C．All;none D．Both;either44．（2023·江蘇泰州·校考三模）—Whoteaches________English?—Mr.Huang,________isagoodteacher,andoftenmakes________lessonsinteresting.A．your;She;our B．your;He;us C．you;He;our D．you;She;us45．（2023·江蘇蘇州·蘇州高新區(qū)第二中學(xué)?？级＃㎡fthethreeforeigners,oneisfromChicago,and________twoarefromLondon.A．other B．theothers C．theother D．others46．（2023·江蘇泰州·?？既＃狧owdoyoufindyourclassmates?—Mostarekind,but________ofthemisasfriendlytomeasCathy.A．none B．noone C．nobody D．everyone47．（2023·江蘇鹽城·校考二模）Aftertheeducationreform(改革)inJiangsuProvince,itishopedthatthepupilswillhave________timetorelaxand________problemstoworryabout.A．less;more B．more;less C．fewer;more D．more;fewer48．（2023·江蘇連云港·連云港市新海實驗中學(xué)?？既＃￤here’syourbrother?Iwanttogive________abook.A．he B．you C．him D．her49．（2023·江蘇揚州·?？既＃猀uanHongchanmadethewholesportsworldrememberhername.Itseemsthatshewasbornanathlete.—Infact,________wasborngoodatallthingsexcellentwithoutenoughpractice.A．somebody B．nobody C．everybody D．a(chǎn)nybody50．（2023·江蘇揚州·統(tǒng)考二模）Sorry,Ican’thelpyoutogettheenginestarted.Iknowabouthowtofixcars.A．something B．a(chǎn)nything C．everything D．nothing51．（2023·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考二模）Vickyfinds________importantforpeopletohaveabalanceddieteveryday.A．it B．one C．this D．that52．（2023·江蘇南通·統(tǒng)考二模）Youarethefutureofourcountry.Don’tkeepaskingwhatourcountrycandoforyou.Ask________whatyoucandoforourcountry.A．you B．yourselves C．us D．ourselves53．（2023·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考二模）—Timmy,weareworkingthewholeafternoon.Let’shavearest!—That’sagoodidea.Togetrelaxed,________isbetterthanlisteningtosoftmusic.A．nothing B．a(chǎn)nything C．something D．everything54．（2023·江蘇淮安·統(tǒng)考二模）TuYouyouwilletoourschool.Ican’twaittosee.A．she B．her C．hers D．you55．（2023·江蘇無錫·統(tǒng)考二模）—Coffeeorjuice,York?—________isOK.Icarelittleaboutit.A．Both B．None C．Neither D．Either56．（2023·江蘇無錫·統(tǒng)考三模）—You’dbetterencourageyourlittlebrothermore.—Iagree.Alittlepraiseisbetterthan________.A．nothing B．something C．everything D．a(chǎn)nything57．（2023·江蘇常州·校考一模）Wedevelopedtwonewpills,but_______ofthemprovedtoworkwell.A．neither B．none C．both D．a(chǎn)ll58．（2023·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考一模）I’malittlethirsty,Mum.CanIhave________todrink?A．a(chǎn)nythingnice B．somethingnice C．nicesomething D．niceanything59．（2023·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考一模）—Daniel,wouldyouliketogotothelibrarybybikeoronfootthisSunday?—isOK.It’suptoyou.A．All B．Neither C．Both D．Either60．（2023·江蘇宿遷·?？家荒＃猈henshallwegoonapicnic,SaturdayorSunday?—________isOK.I’mbusythisingweekend.A．Either B．All C．Neither D．Both61．（2023·江蘇揚州·統(tǒng)考一模）—Teaorcoffee,Sandy?—________,thankyou.Ihavenotimetostay.A．Either B．Both C．Neither D．None62．（2023·江蘇淮安·統(tǒng)考一模）—________waterdoyouhave?Canyougivemesome?I’msothirstynow.—Noneleft.YoumayaskJaneforsome.A．Howmuch B．Howmany C．Howlong D．Howfar63．（2023·江蘇蘇州·模擬預(yù)測）TherearemanywaystoprotectyoufromCOVID19.Oneistowearthemaskwell.________istokeepthesafedistancefromthecrowd.A．Other B．Theother C．Another D．Others64．（2023·江蘇連云港·模擬預(yù)測）NotonlymyfatherbutalsoI________crazyaboutthefootballmatch,so________ofuswantstomissthematchtonight.A．a(chǎn)m;both B．is;either C．a(chǎn)m;neither D．is;both65．（2023·江蘇·一模）Mr.Maisawiseman,andheusuallygivesusafew________.A．suggestions B．a(chǎn)dvice C．information D．knowledge66．（2023·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考一模）IknowtheproductwasmadeinShanghai,butIdon’tknow________brand.A．their B．its C．his D．her67．（2023·江蘇·一模）Thedoctorwhoseemedprofessionalsaidthattherewas________wrongwithme,butIdidn’tfeelbetteratall.A．everything B．a(chǎn)nything C．nothing D．something68．（2023·江蘇·一模）—Boysandgirls,whatcanwelearnfromRobinsonCrusoe?—Weshoulddependon________whenwemeetdifficulties.A．we B．us C．our D．ourselves69．（2023·江蘇連云港·模擬預(yù)測）paredwithLinda’shouse,________isquiteoldbutfortable.A．my B．I C．mine D．myself70．（2023·江蘇無錫·統(tǒng)考一模）—________ismorefortablethanstayingathomeinsuchbadweather.—You’retheboss.So,wouldyoucareforacupoftea?A．Something B．Everything C．Anything D．Nothing71．（2023·江蘇徐州·統(tǒng)考一模）—Whoseshirtisthis?IsitTom’s?—No,itisn’t.________iswhite.A．My B．Hers C．His D．Your72．（2023·江蘇連云港·模擬預(yù)測）Ileft________pensathome.CanIborrow________?A．me;your B．my;your C．mine;yours D．my;yours73．（2023·江蘇淮安·統(tǒng)考一模）—Whatdoyouthinkofthetwofilms?—________ofthemareinteresting.Iplantoreadthemagain.A．Neither B．Either C．Both D．All74．（2023·江蘇南京·模擬預(yù)測）Duringthetwohourpartyyesterday,allthepeoplewereenjoying________verymuch.A．they B．them