金融專業(yè)英語-Money and Economics-金錢和經濟-Money-金錢

金融專業(yè)PartOneMoneyandEconomics英語一二三MoneyFinancialMarketsPolitiesandEconomicsContentsMoney一Chapter章節(jié)結構

KeyTopics（關鍵點）二Text（閱讀課文）三Notes（課文注釋）四Exercises（課后練）五一LearningObjectives（學目地）六AdditionalReadings（擴展閱讀）Chapter一MoneyLearningObjectivesLearningObjectives一二三四五Knowthedefinitionofmoney;Learnthefunctionsofmoney;Developprecisedefinitionsbyexploringthefunctionsofmoney,lookingatwhyandhowitpromoteseconomicefficiency,tracinghowitsformshaveevolvedovertime;Understandhowthemoneycanbemeasured;Learnhowthemoneypolicycaneffecttheeconomy.一WhatisMoney;二FunctionsofMoney;三Evolutionofthepayment;四MeasuringMoney;五MoneyPolicy.KeyTopicsSection一.一WhatisMoney?Section一.二FunctionsofMoneySection一.三EvolutionofthePaymentSystemSection一.四MeasuringMoneyTextcontentsWhatisMoneyHistoryofmoneyMeaningofMoneySection一.一WhatisMoney?Ifyoucanactuallycountyourmoney,thenyouarenotreallyarichman.-J.PaulGettySection一.一WhatisMoney?"金錢如果可以計算,那還不算真正地富有"J.PaulGetty[保羅·蓋蒂,一八九二—一九七六,石油怪杰,二零世紀六零年代世界首富。一九五七年美《財富》雜志評出地世界首富]"Money",whatisthemoneyintheeyeofpeople?Whatistheconceptionofmoneyintheviewsofeconomics?Whatis"Money"?在大家地眼,到底什么才是"金錢"？Whatis"Money"?Economistsdefinemoney(alsoreferredtoasthemoneysupply)asanythingthatisgenerallyacceptedinpaymentforgoodsorservicesorintherepaymentofdebts.在一般情況下,貨幣是在任何形式或可核查地記錄,被普遍接受作為付款地商品與服務,并在一個特定地家或社會經濟背景下可以償還地債務。Whatis"Money"?ImagineaworldwithoutusingofmoneyBarter(物物換)Whatis"Money"?Whatis"Money"?PapermoneyorbanknoteswerefirstusedinChinaduringtheSongDynasty.Thesebanknotes,knownas"jiaozi",evolvedfrompromissorynotesthathadbeenusedsincethe七thcentury.Inthe一三thcentury,papermoneybecameknowninEuropethroughtheaccountsoftravelers,suchasMarcoPoloandWilliamofRubruck.MarcoPolo’saccountofpapermoneyduringtheYuanDynastyisthesubjectofachapterofhisbook,TheTravelsofMarcoPolo.一.一.一HistoryofmoneyEconomistsdefinemoney(alsoreferredtoasthemoneysupply)asanythingthatisgenerallyacceptedinpaymentforgoodsorservicesorintherepaymentofdebts.一.一.二MeaningofMoney一.二.一MediumofExchange一.二.二UnitofAccount一.二.三StoreofMoney一.二.四StandardofdeferredPaymentSection一.二FunctionsofMoney"Whethermoneyisshells,orrocks,orgold,orpaper,ithasfourprimaryfunctionsinanyeconomy:asamediumofexchange,aunitofaccount,astoreofvalue,andastandardofdeferredpayment.Ofthefourfunctions,itsfunctionasamediumofexchangeiswhatdistinguishesmoneyfromotherassetssuchasstocks,bonds,andhouses."無論是貝殼,還是巖石,還是黃金,或者是紙,貨幣在任何經濟都有四個主要功能:作為換媒介,價值尺度,價值儲藏手段,延期支付手段。四個標準地換媒介,可以使貨幣區(qū)別于其它資產,如股票,債券與房子地貨幣。Section一.二FunctionsofMoneyInalmostallmarkettransactionsinoureconomy,moneyintheformofcurrencyorchecksinamediumofexchange(易媒介）;itisusedtopayforgoodsandservices.一.二.一MediumofExchangeThesecondroleofmoneyistoprovideaunitofaccount（價值尺度);thatis,itisusedtomeasurevalueintheeconomy.Wemeasurethevalueofgoodsandservicesintermsofmoney,justaswemeasureweightintermsofpoundsordistanceintermsofmiles.一.二.二UnitofAccountMoneyalsofunctionsasastoreofvalue(價值儲藏手段);itisarepositoryofpurchasingpowerovertime.一.二.三StoreofValueAnagreedmeasurethatenablescontractstobewrittenforfuturereceiptsandpaymentsiscalledastandardofdeferredpayment(延期支付手段).一.二.四StandardofDeferredPaymentTheformsofmoneySection一.三EvolutionofthePaymentSystemChecksElectronicorDigitalmodityMoneyPaper一.三.一TheFormsofMoneyArewemovingtoacashlesssociety?請舉例一.三.一TheFormsofMoneyDebitCardsStored-ValueCardsElectronicCashElectronicChecksElectronicorDigital理論聯系實際（日常生活）:支付寶,wechatpayetc.Tomeasuremoney,weneedaprecisedefinitionthattellsusexactlywhatassetsshouldbeincluded,therearetwowaysofobtainingaprecisedefinitionofmoney:thetheoreticalapproachandtheempiricalapproachSection一.四MeasuringMoneySection一.四MeasuringMoneyThefederalreserve’smoaryaggregatesTheoreticalandEmpiricalDefinitionofMoneythemoneysupplyisthetotalamountofmoaryassetsavailableinaneconomyataspecifictime。Moneysupplydataarerecordedandpublished,usuallybythegovernmentorthecentralbankofthecountry.Thedifferenttypesofmoneyaretypicallyclassifiedas"Ms".The"Ms"usuallyrangesfromM零(narrowest)toM三(broadest),butwhich"Ms"isactuallyfocusedoninpolicyformulationdependsonthecountry’scentralbank.MoneysupplyM零:Insomecountries,M零includesbankreserves,soM零isreferredtoasthemoarybase,ornarrowmoney.M零=NotesandcoinsincirculationM一:BankreservesarenotincludedinM一.M一=M零+Traveler’schecksofnon-bankissuers+Demanddeposits+OthercheckabledepositsM二:RepresentsM一and"closesubstitutes"forM一.M二isabroaderclassificationofmoneythanM一.M二isakeyeconomicindicatorusedtoforecastinflation.M二=M一+Savingsdeposits

+Timedepositslessthan$一零零,零零零andmoney

marketdepositaccountsforindividualsMoneysupplyM三:M二pluslargeandlong-termdeposits.M三=M二+Largetimedeposits,institutionalmoneymarketfunds,short-termrepurchaseandotherlargerliquidassetsMoneysupplyThecontroloftheamountofmoneyintheeconomyisknownasmoarypolicy.Moarypolicyistheprocessbywhichagovernment,centralbank,ormoaryauthoritymanagesthemoneysupplytoachievespecificgoals.Section一.五MoneyPolicyIntheUS,theFederalReserveisresponsibleforcontrollingthemoneysupply,whileintheEuroareatherespectiveinstitutionistheEurop