電子商務(wù)物流中英文對(duì)照外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)

濟(jì)南大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯2-1-電子商務(wù)物流中英文對(duì)照外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)電子商務(wù)物流中英文對(duì)照外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)(文檔含英文原文和中文翻譯)IntoducngCommodtyFwtoanAgent-BasedModelE-commeceSystemAbstractInourmodelent-baede-commeceytem2]ehaveaumedthatacetainnumberofitemsofagivenpoductisavailableforal.Inthisnoteeintoduceamodellgiticsubytemanddicushowitwillbeintgatedwiththeystem.Keywords:e-commece;lgiticssystem;agentItoctionurrentl,wearedelopingandimplementingamodelagent-baede-commerceytem(ee[2]andreferencescollectedthere).Inthisytemmultipleuyeragentsattemptatmakingpurchaebyparticipatinginpricengotiationsine-toresandelectingthebeto?e,whilee-storesattemptatmaximizingprofitreultingfromproductale.Thusarourattentionasfocuedonuye-ellerinteraction.yaumingthatproductsareinthearehoueweheomittedthequestionwheredothycomefrom.Theaimofthisorkistodecribehwourytemcanbextendedtoincludeproductretockingprocee.eforeproceedingletusmaeafwoberation.Firt,thepropoedlogiticsubytemisnot“tandalone”(e.g.imilartothatconideredin[,,]).Intead,ithasbeencreatedwithinthecontxtofoure-commerceytem,whichhasdirectlyinfluenceditsdeign.Second,whileomwhatimila,proceesioledine-toreretockingaarehouederfromclientmakingapurchaeinane-tore(e.g.inproductdemandprediction,interactionswithwholealer,methodsofpricengotiationsthatiolemore“condition”offerelectioncriteria,etc.)Thereforewehecreatedaeparatelogiticsubytem(inteadofreuingalreadymodeledfunction;e.g.pricengotiation).Third,thisnoteisdotedtotheagenttructureandagentinteractionsand,duetothepacelimitation,weomitimportanttopicslie:forecatsderation,o?eraluationetc.Hwe,theefunctionscanbeencapulatedintomodulesthatcanbecomeapartofanappropriateagent.Thereforereadershouldeviionthat,forintance,whenwewritethat“receedo?ersarealuated”thentheiroritemethodofo?eraluationhasbeenutilized.oproceed,firt,webrieflydecribeoure-commerceytem.efollwwithassumptionsthatunderlinethelogiticsubytemanddecriptionofnwagentsthatwereintroduced.Finall,wepreenttheequencediagramofretockingandueittodicusindetailhwthisprocesswilltakeplaceinoursystem.2.SystemDescriptionOurytemisadistriutedmarketplaceinwhichoftareagentsperforme-commercefunctions(ee[2]fordetails,theUseasediagraminparticular).Use-ClientisrepreentedbytheClientAgent(A).TheAisautonomousandwhenapurchaeorderiscommunicatedbytheUse-Client,itorksuntileitheritiscompleted,orpurchaeisabandoned.TheAcommunicateswiththeClientInformationenter(I),whichacilitatesinformationwhiche-storessellwhichproducts(yellwmatchmaking).oreachtorethatellstherequetedproduct,theAdelgatesaBuyerAent(A)toparticipateinpricengotiationsandifucceful,poiblyattemptatmakingapu-chae(uccefulpricengotiationsreultinaproductreerationforapecifictime;afterwhichproductsthathenotbeenpurchaedareailableforaleagain).SincemultipleAsrepreenngtheamecanwinpricengotiationstheAmaesthedeciionifeitherofailableo?ersisgoodenoughtomaeapurchae.BuyerAentscanparticipateinngotiationsonlyiftheGateeeperAent(GA)admitsthem(ifthyaretruted;e.g.Asthatwinpricengotiationsutdonotmaeapurchaemaybebarredfromubequentngotiation).TheGArepreentsagene-toreandiscreatedbytheShopAent(SA).TheSAisthecentralmanagerandacilitatingthesellingprocessitutilizestheGA,andaetofSellerAents(SeA)thatngotiatepricewithincomingA,aswellasaaehoueAent(A)thatisreponibleforientoryandreerationmanagement.Thusa,theAasreponibleformanagingproductreerationsandtheientor.Specificall,(1)beforeanwpricengotiationtheA“reered”agenproduct—othatifngotiationendeduccefullythereasanitemthatcouldbeold;(2)whenareerationendedinpurchae,itadjutedproductcounter;and(3)whenareerationxpireditaloadjutedproductscounter.Hwe,theAasaayseviionedasthe“gatay”betweenthetoreandupplier,whichisoneofthefociofthisnote.3.AssmtioseidtelogisticssystemLetusnwpecifyaumptionsthatunderlinedeignofthelogiticsubytem:1.Naday,xceptoflagettore-chains(e.g.TESO,alMart),companiesoutourcetranportationactvities(coniderednon-coreuinesactvities)tospecialists(e.g.UPS,Mayflwer).Hwve,weassumeherethatsuppliersaretillreponibleforacilitatingtranportation.Therefore,weomittransportationrelatedproceesandfocusonlyininteractionsbetweene-toresandupplier2.Asareultof(1),tranportationcotsareaumedtobepaidbytheupplierandincludeddirectlyinproductprice(e.g.dicountondelerycot,willmanifestitselfinthetotalprice).3.hileintheoriginalytemauction-baedpricengotiationswereued,hereweoptedforthesimplicityoftheFIAontactetPotocol[4].Therefore,inthelogiticsubytem,aingleroundofngotiationsconitingofacallforpropoalsandaluationofrepone,isued.4.NewfctiosadagetsInordertoperformlogitic-relatedtak,eralnwroleswereintroduced;omeofthemhebeendelgatedtoagentsxitingintheytem,whileothersarrantedaddingnwagent.Specifically:?demandetimation—todrwinformationfromsalesdataand/orxternalpremiestopredictfuturealesofproduct,?aehouemonitoing—toobereupplylelsandreactincaeofarikofdroppingbelwaluesconideredu?cienttoatifyetimateddemand,?odermanement—tocoordinateiuingordersforgood,toaitinaluatingreceedo?er,?odeinggood—tocontactuppliersfortheirof-fersandtoelectthebeto?e,?ellinggood—inthesystemsupplierswerealsomodeled;whilegoodsareacquiredwithoutxtenepricengotiation,“omeone”hastodelerpropoalstoorderingcomponent,?logisticsyellowpage—theroleofthe“l(fā)ogisticsCIC”isverysimilartotheoriginalIC([]);ithastoprvidelitsofpotentialuppliersofproduct;ovioul,itispoibleforahoptobecomeaup-plierforanotherhopandtouggetthatthetoICscouldbejoined,utwedecidedtoclearlyeparatetheclient-idefromthehopandfromtheupply-ide.Anotherreaonforthiseparationasthatwhileomehopsmaynotbeinteetedinbecomingwholeale,weouldhetomaechangestotheoriginalICdatatructure(e.g.wholeale—yes/no).Finall,incethelogisticsubytemdoesnotioleauction,theeparationisenmorearranted.Letusnweehwtheetaks/rolescouldbeplacedinourytem.ThedemandetimationroleasattriutedtothexistingShopDeciionAent(SA),reponibleforthe“knwledgemanagement”functions(e.g.trutmanagement,alestrenddatamining,etc.)inthehop.TheaehouemonitoingroleisalreadyapartofthexistingA.Thedi?erenceisthatnwAbecomesaproactemanagerofupplie;actingonpredictionsuppliedbytheSA.FulfillmentoftheodermanementrolerequiredintroductionoftheLgiticsAent(LA),whichbecamethe“centralmanager”ofthelogiticsubytem.ItisreponibleforcontactingthelogisticsICforthelistofpotentialuppliersandmanagingapoolofagentsreponiblefororderinggoodsfrom“wholealer”Finall,itcollectsandmanagesdatarelatedtoupplierreliabilit.Thisdata,inturn,willbeoneofactorsinselectingthesupplie.TheodeinggoodsprocessisacilitatedbytheOdeingAent(A),whichisaloanwagent.Itstakistoiueacallforpropoal,collectreponesandelectthebeto?ertakingintoaccountactorsuchas:price,delerytime,reliabilityetc.Letusrecallthatduetothemodularityofagentdeign([]),ourytemisflxibleenoughothatanymethodofelectingano?ercanbeapplied(itcanbeencapulatedinamoduleandpluggedintotheA).TheellinggoodsroleisrealizedbyaeryimpleWholealeAent(WhA).ItsroleistorepondtoFPsincomingfromAs.CurrentlyweassumethatWhAsreceeintructionsinwhataytogenerateatreamofreponestotheFP.Finall,logisticsyellowpagesareacilitatedbythelogisticsICAgen.Itsroleistostoreacompletelistofuppliersandproductsthatthyell.Ovioul,thelogisticsICuestheoriginalproductontology([]),xtendedbythelogiticsontolog.hentheytemisinitialized,eachWhArgisterswiththelogisticsICandprvidesitwithalitofproductsforale.hatasdecribedthusarisummarizedinanUMLuecaediagrampreentedinFigure1.Figure1.UseCaseofthelogisticssubsystem5.ypicalPoductRestockingPocessLetusnwdecribetheproceesioledinretockingthearehoue.Here,wekipthedecriptionofsysteminitialization,andtartwiththeShopDecisionAentendingaforecattotheaehoueAent.Theequenceofactionsresultingformuchaforecastisdepicted,asaUMLequencediagraminFigure2.TheSAcommunicatestheforecattotheAbyendingaFIAInfommeagecontainingthePedictionDescription(whichcontainsallnecearydataucha:productID,amountofpredictedale,tandarddviationofale,xpectedpurchaeprice,periodforwhichthisforecatisalid,etc.).eaumethattheSAforecatsareofthetype:untilanwfore-cat,weeklyalesarexpectedtobe45itemsofagenproduct.orecatscanbeiuedatpecifictimes(e.g.onceaweekoronceamonth)andtheirfrequenyde-pendsontheinformationfoundindataanalyzedbytheSAtodereforecat().TheAtartsbyxaminingcurrenttockofagenproduct,andifcurrentuppliesareu?cient,itetsuptochecktheirlelsattheendofthetimeunitpecifiedintheforecat(i.e.forecatspecifiedonweeklybaisarechecedonceaweek).Iftocksareinu?cient,theAutilizestheFIARequetPotocol(FIApecificationS00026)andFIASLlanguage[](uedinallagentinteraction),tocom-municatewiththeLgiticsAent.TheinitialmessagefromtheAistheFIARequetmeageentoheLAanditcontainsOdeRequetactionwiththeO-derRequestDescription.TheOderRequestDescriptioncontainsthenecearyinformationpecifyingtheordertobemade:productID,preferreddelerytime,amountandmaximumprice.Delerytimeandamountarecomputedbaedonthecurrentproductlel,predicteddelverytimeandanoveralliventorytratg.Uponrecevingtherequet,theLAdipatchesaquerytothelogisticsICtoobtainalistofuppliersofagenproduct.EnuingcoerationconformstotheFIAQueyPotocol,tartingwiththeFIAQuey-RefmeecontainingtheIQueyactionwiththePoductID.ThelogisticsICrepondswiththeFIAInfom-RefmeagecontainingtheIReponewithalist(possiblyempty)ofuppliers.EmptylistresultsinaFIAailuemessage(withOderRequestResultettoailure)endbytheLAtotheA.SimilarreponeissentwhenthelogisticsICcannotbecontacted.henthenon-emptylitasreceed,theLAremestheseuppliersthathvetheirreliabilityaluebelwacertainthreshold.ThentheLAAentDeciptionslistisformedbyupplementingeachIAentDecponreceedfromthelogisticsICwiththereliabilityinformation.IfagenWhAsisnotknwnadeaulttrutalueisued.Afterpreparingthelist,theLAutilizestheFIARequetPotocoltofindafreeA.uyagentswillre-pondwithFIARefuemeage.Ifallagentsrepondinuchaa,thisprocesmayneedtoberepeatedun-tilafreeAisfoundandrepondswiththeFIAAgeemeage.TheLAthensendstheorderingrequesttotheelectedAandaitsfortheresultoftheorderingpro-ce.LAsmeagecontainstheIueOderactionwiththeOderDescriptionandtheLAAentDeciption.AfterobtainingtherequetfromtheLA,theengagesintheFIAontactetPotocolinteractionswithWhAsfromthelist.ItsendstheFIAalloPopoalmeage,containingFPRequetwithOderDescriptiontotheWhA.WhAsaluatetheFPandubmittheiro?ersbyendingFIAPopoemeagescontainingtheFPReponeactionwithO?eDescriptiono,iftermscontainedintheFPareunacceptabl/notintereting,reponduingtheFIARefuemeage.eponesmutarrewithinatimefamepeci-fiedbytheA,afterwhichtheAproceedstoalu-atethem.Firt,itfiltersunacceptableo?ers.NotethatitispoiblethatomeWhAsmayrepondknwinglywithpropoalsthatviolateomeoftheconditionsandinpecialcircumtancewhennobettero?erswerefoundtheAmayneedtoacceptucho?er.Inthenxttep,o?ersareranedandthewinnerisdetemined.innerisentaFIAAcceptPopoalmeagecontainingtheonfimationRequetactionwithitsofferquoted.ThewinningWhAmustinturnreplywiththeFIAInfommeagecontainingonfimationReponeactionwiththeOdeonfimationwhichhasuniqueodeIDgeneratedbytheupplie.Thisuccefullycompletestheorderingproce.Thewinnercanalowithdrwtheo?erbyendingaFIAailuemeage.Inthiscae,runne-upsarecontactedinaniteratemanne.Incaewhentherearenomoreo?ersleftortherewerenoo?erstobginwith,theAendsaFIAailuemessagetotheLA,which,inturn,foardsittotheA.henthewinnerconfirmstheorde,theAsendstotheLAaFIAInfommeagecontainingtheInformResultactionwiththeWhA-receedOdeonfimation,thuscompletingtheprotocol.AtthistimetheLAsendsinformationtotheA,inideameageoftheFIAAgeetype.ThisperformateisuedincompliancewiththeprotocoltoindicatethattheLAisperformingthedeiredtak(ordering),utitse?ortsdonotguaranteeucces(orderinguccesorderucce),andthusendingthefinalrepone(FIAInfom)isinappropriateatthistage.MeanwhiletheAreturnstothepoolofailableOdeingAentNwthepurchaeentersthedeliveymonitoingtage.Here,theLAaitsforthedeleryfromtheWhAtobergisteredwiththeA.henadeleryarrestheAends(totheLA)aplainFIAInfommeagecontainingtheADeliveyactionwiththeDeliveyDeciption,whichhasuppliersAentIDandthealreadymentionedodeId.TheLAdoesnotneedtorepondtothismeage,utitchecksthemeagestoseeifitiscurrentlyaitingadelverywiththegenodeIdcomingfromaupplierAentID.Ifitfindsamatch,theorderingprocesiscompleted.Asareult,thereliabilityalueofuppliedAentIDisincreaed.IfadelerynotificationdoesnotcomewithintimeagreedintheOdeonfim,actionsmutbeundertaen(recall,thatrecevinguppliesisvitaltothee-ShopasitsarehoueislielytorunoutoftockThoeactionsare:(1)retrytheordering(endingremindertotheWhA/chooingnwWhA),ifthereisstilltime,and(2)markingthataretryhasbeenmade.Ifthereistilltimebeforethedeadline(establishedbytheA),thenordercanberetried.Ifitisthefirsttimeanattempttoretrytheorderismade,areminderissenttotheWhA.othisend,LAcontactsafreeAwithaFIARequetPotocolmessagewithaReminderactioncontainingAentIDoftheWhAandtheodeId.TheAacceptsthejob(theFIAAgee)andcontactstheWhA(alouingFIARequetProtocol),endingitthexactsameaction. TheWhAisxpectedtoreplywithinatimefameuingeitheraFIAailue(o?eriswithdrwn)oraFIAInfomprvdngnwOdeonfimationwithanwdelverytime,whichisforardedtotheLAunchanged.Inthecaeofanagreement,theLAreturnstoaitingdeler,inthecaeofailure,theLAremesthisWhAfromtheLAAgentDescriptionlitandlocatesanAtoperformentirelynwearchforaupplie.Nwearchisaloorderedifaremindertotheupplierwhoedelerywewereaitingresultedinaailure.Themonitoringstageendswhen:(1)deleryisreceed,or(2)remindertotheupplierasmade,utitasrefued,whiledeadlinehasalreadypaed.Notethatweassumethattheactualorderailureoccursonlywhenthedelerydeadlinehaspaedandthereminderailed.Thisisbecaueitispoiblethatthereisanorderdelayandgoodsmayarrelate.ThisinformationcanbeobtainedfromtheWhA,andthustheneedforthereminde.Figure2.Restokingpocess:sequencedigramhenthemonitoringtageend,theAisnotifiedaboutthereultbytheFIAInfomortheFIAailuemessagetocompletetheFIARequetprotocol.ThemeagewillcontaintheOdeRequetactionwiththeOderRequestResultetappropriatel.Furthemore,atthistagethereliabilitybonuesand/orpenaltiesarecalculatedandapplied.Finall,inthecaseofauccefulorde,theAsendstotheSAaFIAIn-formmeagecontainingtatusinformationaboutthere-tockingofthearehoue.6.oligeaInthisnotewehedicuedtheayinwhichthelogiticsubytemisbeingintroducedintoourmodelagent-baede-commerceytem.ehepreenteduedUMsuecaeandequencediagramstoformallydepictanddicusthemotimportantfeaturesofourapproach.Duetothelackofpace,wehefocuedourattentiononagentsandtheirinteraction.Thepropoedytemhasbeenimplementedandisinthefinaltestingphase.Refeences[1]C.Bádicá,A.Báditá,.Ganzha,M.Paprzycki,DelopingaodelAgent-basedE-commerceSstem.In:JieLuet.al.(eds.)E-Servicentelligence—Methodologies,lisdAliti,Sri,Berli,[2]C.A.Btlerad..Ea.Sftarettlfrlel,rl-timeliticsiinrt.USArmyRehRetAA,.3[3].ingandS.Dayong.Multi-agentframrkforthirdpartylogisticsine-commercesta.ExpertSystemswithAlictis,():,At引入第三方物流企業(yè)的以代理人為基礎(chǔ)的電子商務(wù)系統(tǒng)模型摘要在我們的模型以代理人為基礎(chǔ)的電子商務(wù)系統(tǒng)[2]的基礎(chǔ)上,我們假定一定數(shù)量的物品的某一特定的產(chǎn)品是適合出售的。摘要本文我們介紹了模型的物流系統(tǒng)并且討論了如何將它與系統(tǒng)結(jié)合。關(guān)鍵詞:電子商務(wù)；物流系統(tǒng)；代理1.簡(jiǎn)要目前,我們正在開發(fā)和實(shí)施模式以代理人為基礎(chǔ)的電子商務(wù)系統(tǒng)(參見(jiàn)[2]的基礎(chǔ)上,參考文獻(xiàn)收藏)。在該系統(tǒng)中當(dāng)網(wǎng)上商店試圖獲得產(chǎn)品銷售利潤(rùn)最大化的時(shí)候，多買方代理試圖通過(guò)在電子商店參與價(jià)格談判做出購(gòu)買價(jià)格并且選擇最好的供貨者。到目前為止我們的注意力都集中在計(jì)劃之間的相互作用。假定,我們忽略產(chǎn)品來(lái)自哪里，產(chǎn)品在倉(cāng)庫(kù)里。這個(gè)工作的目的是描述我們的系統(tǒng)可以擴(kuò)展到包括產(chǎn)品進(jìn)貨過(guò)程。之前,讓我們做一些評(píng)論。首先,本文提出的物流系統(tǒng)不是“獨(dú)立”的（例如與【3,1,6】中提到的相似）相反，它已經(jīng)建立在我們的電子商務(wù)系統(tǒng)中，對(duì)它的設(shè)計(jì)有直接影響。第二，雖然有些類似，電子商店補(bǔ)庫(kù)存的過(guò)程與顧客在電子商店購(gòu)買物品的過(guò)程是不一樣的。（例如在產(chǎn)品的需求預(yù)測(cè),與批發(fā)商的交流,涉及更多條件的議價(jià)方法,提供更多的選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等等）因此我們已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)單獨(dú)的物流系統(tǒng)而不是模仿功能的重用（例如議價(jià)）第三，這個(gè)筆記是專注于代理結(jié)構(gòu)和代理交互的，由于空間的限制，我們省略了重要的信息控制系統(tǒng)，比如推導(dǎo)預(yù)測(cè),提供評(píng)估等等?？墒牵@些功能可以封裝成模塊,可以成為一個(gè)合適的代理的一部分。因此,讀者應(yīng)展望,例如,當(dāng)我們寫的是“報(bào)價(jià)評(píng)估”,那么提供評(píng)價(jià)最好的方法會(huì)被利用。繼續(xù),首先簡(jiǎn)要介紹一下我們的電子商務(wù)系統(tǒng)。假設(shè)我們同意假定物流系統(tǒng)以及代理人的介紹。最后,我們給出了進(jìn)貨的序列圖,并且用它來(lái)詳細(xì)討論這個(gè)過(guò)程在我們的系統(tǒng)如何作用的。2.系統(tǒng)描述本系統(tǒng)是在分布式市場(chǎng)中進(jìn)行商務(wù)功能的軟件代理(有關(guān)詳情參見(jiàn)[2],用例圖)。使用者客戶端是為客戶代理(CA)表現(xiàn)的?？蛻舸硎怯凶灾餍缘摹?dāng)采購(gòu)訂單是由使用者客戶端溝通,它一直工作直到購(gòu)買完成或者被放棄。客戶代理與顧客信息中心交流(CIC),顧客信息中心能介紹哪個(gè)電子商店銷售哪種商品(黃頁(yè)配對(duì))。每個(gè)商店出售被要求的產(chǎn)品,客戶代理代表買房代理進(jìn)行價(jià)格談判,如果成功的話,就可能購(gòu)買(成功的價(jià)格談判導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)品預(yù)訂一個(gè)特定的時(shí)間,之后,并沒(méi)有被購(gòu)買的產(chǎn)品都會(huì)再出售）。因?yàn)榇硗粋€(gè)客戶代理許多買方代理能夠贏得價(jià)格談判，客戶代理作出決定是否有足夠好的供應(yīng)商來(lái)購(gòu)買產(chǎn)品。只有在GA允許的情況下，買方代理才可以參與價(jià)格談判（如果買房代理是可信的，例如贏得了價(jià)格談判，但是不買將會(huì)禁止后續(xù)的談判）?？蛻舸泶硪粋€(gè)給定的電子商店,是由商店代理人創(chuàng)造的(SA)。SA是中央管理和銷售過(guò)程,它運(yùn)用GA,建立一系列的賣方代理(SeA),價(jià)格談判的買房代理與負(fù)責(zé)庫(kù)存和管理的倉(cāng)庫(kù)代理。迄今為止,倉(cāng)庫(kù)代理是負(fù)責(zé)管理產(chǎn)品預(yù)訂及庫(kù)存。確切地說(shuō),(1)在一個(gè)新的價(jià)格談判之前WA“保留”一個(gè)給定的商品-所以如果談判最后成功，還有一件產(chǎn)品可以賣掉;(2)當(dāng)購(gòu)買時(shí)保留結(jié)束,調(diào)整產(chǎn)品數(shù)量;(3)當(dāng)保留過(guò)期，也調(diào)整產(chǎn)品數(shù)量,可是倉(cāng)庫(kù)代理總是被設(shè)想為商店和供應(yīng)商之間的門戶,這也是本說(shuō)明的重點(diǎn)。3.物流系統(tǒng)背后的假定現(xiàn)在讓我們指定強(qiáng)調(diào)一下物流系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的假設(shè)。1如今，除了最大的連鎖店（例如樂(lè)購(gòu)，沃爾瑪），公司將業(yè)務(wù)外包運(yùn)輸活動(dòng)（被認(rèn)為是非核心業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)）交給專家（例如UPS，五月花）。然而，我們假定，供應(yīng)商負(fù)責(zé)推動(dòng)交通。因此，我們忽略交通相關(guān)流程，并且把焦點(diǎn)集中在電子商店和供應(yīng)商的互動(dòng)上。2作為1的結(jié)果、運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用被認(rèn)為是由供應(yīng)商支付的,包括直接在產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格(比如運(yùn)費(fèi)折扣,表現(xiàn)它自己在總價(jià))。3而在原系統(tǒng)中，采用基于拍賣價(jià)格談判,我們選擇了這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的FIPA合同網(wǎng)協(xié)議[4]。因此,在整個(gè)物流系統(tǒng)中,包含提議和評(píng)價(jià)反應(yīng)的一輪談判被使用。4.新功能和代理為了完成物流相關(guān)工作,介紹了幾種新的角色,他們中的一些已經(jīng)被委托給系統(tǒng)存在的代理人,而另一些角色則授權(quán)添加新的代理人。特別地:需求估計(jì)--從銷售數(shù)據(jù)繪制資訊及/或外部場(chǎng)所來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)的產(chǎn)品銷售,倉(cāng)庫(kù)監(jiān)控--觀察供應(yīng)水平和遇到降低到不能滿足預(yù)計(jì)需求的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí)的反映訂單管理--協(xié)調(diào)訂貨,來(lái)協(xié)助評(píng)估產(chǎn)品報(bào)價(jià),訂貨--聯(lián)系供應(yīng)商訂貨并且選擇最佳的提議,銷售貨物--在系統(tǒng)中，供應(yīng)商也被效仿了;當(dāng)商品沒(méi)有廣泛的價(jià)格談判而被收購(gòu)時(shí)，“有人”已經(jīng)提供建議訂購(gòu)部件,物流黃頁(yè)簿--“物流CIC”的這個(gè)角色是非常相似于原CIC([2]);它具有潛在的供應(yīng)商提供的產(chǎn)品清單;顯然,一個(gè)店成為另外一個(gè)店的供應(yīng)者是可能的,表明這兩個(gè)CIC是可以聯(lián)合在一起的,但我們決定要明確區(qū)分顧客的一方和供應(yīng)者一方。要做這種區(qū)分的另外一種原因是,有些商店,不得有興趣成為批發(fā)商,我們就得改變?cè)瑿IC數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)(如批發(fā)商-是/否)。最后,由于物流系統(tǒng)并不需要拍賣，分離是更被批準(zhǔn)的?，F(xiàn)在讓我們來(lái)看看這些任務(wù)/角色是如何放置在我們的系統(tǒng)的。需求估計(jì)角色歸于購(gòu)物決策代理人(SDA),在商店里負(fù)責(zé)“知識(shí)管理”功能(如信托管理、銷售趨勢(shì)數(shù)據(jù)挖掘等)。倉(cāng)庫(kù)監(jiān)控角色已是倉(cāng)庫(kù)代理的一部分。不同的是,現(xiàn)在倉(cāng)庫(kù)代理成為一個(gè)積極的供應(yīng)管理者;通過(guò)購(gòu)物決策代理人作用于預(yù)測(cè)供應(yīng)。完成訂單管理角色要求引進(jìn)作為物流系統(tǒng)中心的物流代理(LA)。負(fù)責(zé)聯(lián)系物流CIC，獲得潛在的供應(yīng)商和管理的代理商的產(chǎn)品清單，以便從“批發(fā)商”訂購(gòu)貨物?！弊詈?它收集和管理與供應(yīng)商的可靠性相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)。這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù),反過(guò)來(lái),將成為選擇供應(yīng)商的其中一個(gè)因素這個(gè)商品訂購(gòu)過(guò)程是由一種新型的代理-訂購(gòu)代理(OA)促成的。它的任務(wù)是要提出建議,收集反應(yīng)和考慮一些因素如:價(jià)格、交貨時(shí)間、可靠等來(lái)選擇最佳的提議,。讓我們回想一下,由于模塊化的代理設(shè)計(jì)([2]),我們的系統(tǒng)有足夠的靈活性,以便任何提供選擇的方法可以應(yīng)用(它可以在一個(gè)模塊也可以插入到OA)。銷售商品的角色是用非常簡(jiǎn)單的批發(fā)代理(WhA)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。它的作用是為了回應(yīng)來(lái)自訂購(gòu)代理的CFP。目前我們認(rèn)為批發(fā)代理通過(guò)某種方式收到指示產(chǎn)生CFP的一些反應(yīng)。最后,物流黃頁(yè)是由物流CIC代理促成的。它的主要作用是儲(chǔ)存的一張完全的供應(yīng)商表,以及他們出售的產(chǎn)品表。很明顯,物流CIC利用原有的產(chǎn)品本體([2])、延長(zhǎng)物流本體。當(dāng)系統(tǒng)初始化后,每個(gè)批發(fā)代理登記物流CIC，并且提供這一系列的產(chǎn)品銷售。迄今為止所描述的是總結(jié)了在圖1中的UML用例圖。5.典型的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)貨過(guò)程現(xiàn)在讓我們來(lái)描述涉及到進(jìn)貨的過(guò)程,我們跳過(guò)描述系統(tǒng)的初始化,并從商店決策代理人到倉(cāng)庫(kù)的代理發(fā)送一個(gè)預(yù)測(cè)開始。行為的結(jié)果是產(chǎn)生預(yù)測(cè)的序列,在圖2中作為一種統(tǒng)一建模語(yǔ)言(UML)的順序圖。圖1.物理系統(tǒng)的用例圖商店的決策代理人通過(guò)發(fā)送包含預(yù)測(cè)描述的FIPA通知消息傳達(dá)預(yù)測(cè)到倉(cāng)庫(kù)的代理人(包含所有必要的資料,如:產(chǎn)品ID,預(yù)測(cè)銷售數(shù)量,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差的銷售,期望購(gòu)買價(jià)格,這一預(yù)測(cè)的有效期等)。我們認(rèn)為這個(gè)商店的決策代理人的預(yù)測(cè)是這種類型，在這種預(yù)測(cè)下，每周銷售預(yù)計(jì)將45件產(chǎn)品。預(yù)測(cè)在特定的時(shí)間可以發(fā)布(例如每周或每月一次)，他們的頻率取決于通過(guò)商店決策代理人的數(shù)據(jù)分析中得到的信息來(lái)獲得預(yù)測(cè)。通過(guò)檢查倉(cāng)庫(kù)的經(jīng)紀(jì)人開始流通股票的產(chǎn)品,如果現(xiàn)在的供應(yīng)是充足的,它建立指定的單位來(lái)檢查他們的在某一時(shí)間最后的水平(例如預(yù)測(cè)每周指定檢查一周一次)。如果股票的不足、倉(cāng)庫(kù)代理要求采用FIPA請(qǐng)求協(xié)議（FIPASC00026規(guī)格）和FIPASL語(yǔ)言[4](適用于所有的代理人交流)來(lái)和物流代理交流。最初的來(lái)自批發(fā)商代理的消息是發(fā)送到物流代理的FIPA請(qǐng)求消息，它包含帶有訂購(gòu)要求的描述訂購(gòu)要求行動(dòng)。訂購(gòu)要求描述包含來(lái)做訂購(gòu)的必要的信息：產(chǎn)品ID,首選的交貨時(shí)間、數(shù)量和最大的價(jià)格?；诋?dāng)前的產(chǎn)品水平和預(yù)測(cè)的交貨時(shí)間和全面的庫(kù)存策略，交貨時(shí)間、數(shù)量被確定下來(lái)。在收到請(qǐng)求后,物流代理詢問(wèn)物流顧客信息中心以獲得包含某一特定的產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)商的一個(gè)列表。隨后談話符合FIPA查詢協(xié)議,則開始通過(guò)包含用產(chǎn)品ID從顧客中心信息查詢的FIPA查詢信息。物流CIC響應(yīng)包含有供應(yīng)商列表（可能為空）的CIC回應(yīng)的FIPA通知消息。空的名單導(dǎo)致一個(gè)從物流代理發(fā)送到批發(fā)商代理的FIPA失敗的消息(存在失敗的訂購(gòu)要求結(jié)果集)。當(dāng)物流CIC無(wú)法聯(lián)絡(luò)的時(shí)候，類似的反應(yīng)被發(fā)送。當(dāng)收到空清單,物流代理移除可靠性的價(jià)值低于某個(gè)閾值的這些供應(yīng)商,然后LA代理描述列表是由從有可靠性信息的物流顧客信息中心得到的顧客信息中心代理描述來(lái)補(bǔ)充組成的。如果給定的批發(fā)商是不被知的，那么一個(gè)預(yù)設(shè)的信賴被使用。在準(zhǔn)備這份清單后,物流代理利用FIPA請(qǐng)求協(xié)議找到一個(gè)免費(fèi)的訂購(gòu)代理。繁忙的代理人會(huì)報(bào)以FIPA拒絕的訊息。如果所有的代理反應(yīng)都是這樣一種方式,這個(gè)過(guò)程可能需要重復(fù),直到找到一個(gè)免費(fèi)的訂購(gòu)代理和響應(yīng)FIPA同意的信息。物流代理服務(wù)器發(fā)送訂購(gòu)要求到選定的訂購(gòu)代理并且會(huì)等待著結(jié)果.物流代理信息包括有訂單描述的問(wèn)題訂單處理以及物流系統(tǒng)代理描述。從物流系統(tǒng)得到請(qǐng)求后,訂購(gòu)代理參加FIPA合同網(wǎng)協(xié)議同在列表