2022年考研英語閱讀模擬試題二

2022年考研英語閱讀模擬試題(2)

Text2

Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney.Scientistsneed

journalsinwhichtopublishtheirresearch,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithout

monetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecialisedworkofpeerreviewalso

forfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandthe

productionofscientificknowledge.

Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfindamarket

foritsjournal.Untilthiscentury,universitylibrarieswerenotveryprice

sensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofitmarginsapproaching40%on

theiroperationsatatimewhentherestofthepublishingindustryisinan

existentialcrisis.

TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapers

producedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethan￡900mlastyear,whileUKuniversities

alonespentmorethan￡210min2022toenableresearcherstoaccesstheirownpublicly

fundedresearch;bothfiguresseemtoriseunstoppablydespiteincreasinglydesperate

effortstochangethem.

Themostdrastic,anthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceof

Sci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2022,which

nowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticlepublishedsince2022.The

successofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemselves

legallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersand

mustbetransformedsothatitworksforallparticipants.

InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfunding

bodies.Insomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritish

scientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms:eitherfreelyavailable

fromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthepublishers

canmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.

Yetthenewsystemhasnotyetworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.

Publishershaverespondedtothedemandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreaders

bychargingtheirwritersfeestocoverthecostsofprepringanarticle.Theserange

2

fromaround￡500to$5,000,andapparentlytheworkgetsmoreexpensivethemorethat

publishersdoit.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothofsubscriptions

andoftheseaarticlepreparationcosts“hadbeensteadilyrisingatarateabove

inflation.

Insomewaysthescientificpublishingmodelresemblestheeconomyofthesocial

internet:labourisprovidedfreeinexchangeforthehopeofstatus,whilehuge

profitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces.Inbothcases,weneed

arebalancingofpower.

26.Scientificpublishingisseenas“alicencetoprintmoney"partlybecause

[A]itsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincrease.

[B]itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful.

[C]itspaymentforpeerreviewisreduced.

[D]itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing.

27.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishersElsevierhave

[A]thrivedmainlyonuniversity1ibraries.

[B]gonethroughanexistentialcrisis.

[C]revivedthepublishingindustry.

[D]financedresearchersgenerously.

28.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuccessofSci-Hub

[A]Relieved.

[B]Puzzled.

[C]Concerned.

[D]Encouraged.

29.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs5and6thatopenaccessterms

[A]allowpublisherssomeroomtomakemoney.

[B]renderpublishingmucheasierforscientists.

[C]reducethecostofpublicationsubstantially.

[D]freeuniversitiesfromfinancialburdens.

30.Whichofthefollowingcharacterizesthescientificpublishingmodel

[A]Trialsubscriptionisoffered.

[B]Labourtriumphsoverstatus.

[C]Costsarewellcontrolled.

[D]Thefewfeedonthemany.

參考答案Text2

26.選D。解析：此題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問：^Scientificpublishingisseenasualicence

toprintmoney"partlybecause〃，意思是：科學(xué)出版行業(yè)被視為一本萬利，一局部原因

是定位到原文第一段第二句,“Scientistsneedjournalsinwhichtopublishtheir

research,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientists

performthespecialisedworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacentral

elementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproductionofscientificknowledge.v

意思是：科學(xué)家需要在學(xué)術(shù)期刊上發(fā)表他們的研究，所以他們會(huì)無償提供文章。其他科學(xué)家

做專業(yè)的同行評(píng)議工作也是免費(fèi)的，因?yàn)檫@是獲取(學(xué)術(shù))地位和科學(xué)知識(shí)生產(chǎn)的核心元素。

這說明，科學(xué)家奉獻(xiàn)內(nèi)容是無償?shù)?，換言之，其內(nèi)容獲取是沒有代價(jià)的(itscontent

acquisitioncostsnothing),應(yīng)選D。

27.選A。解析：此題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問：^AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientific

publishersElsevierhave...〃意思是：“根庵第2段和第3段，科學(xué)期刊出版商Elsevier...〃

定位到文章第2段和第3段，“Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,the

publisherneedsonlyfindamarketforitsjournal.Untilthiscentury,university

librarieswerenotverypricesensitive."意思是，”由于論文內(nèi)容是免費(fèi)獲取的，出

版商只需為自己的期刊找到市場(chǎng)即可。直到本世紀(jì)，大學(xué)圖書館對(duì)價(jià)格都不敏感。〃而第三

段說，TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapers

producedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethan￡900mlastyear,whileUKuniversities

alonespentmorethan￡210min2022toenableresearcherstoaccesstheirownpublicly

fundedresearch.意思是，“荷蘭出版巨頭Elsevier聲稱發(fā)表了全球25%的科學(xué)論文，去年

利潤(rùn)超過9億英鎊，而僅英國(guó)的大學(xué)在2022年就花費(fèi)了2.1億英鎊，為了研究人員能用公費(fèi)進(jìn)

行自己的研究。從而看出，科學(xué)期刊出版商Elsevier的興盛，主要依賴于大學(xué)的圖書館。應(yīng)選

A,thrivedmainlyonuniversitylibrarieso

28.選D。解析：此題為作者態(tài)度題。題干問：“Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthe

successofSci-Hub〃定位到原文第4段?！癟hemostdrastic,anthoroughlyillegal,

reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierfor

scientificpapers,setupin2022,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalled

articlepublishedsince2022.ThesuccessofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearchers

passingoncopiestheyhavethemselveslegallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystem

haslostlegitimacyamongitsusersandmustbetransformedsothatitworksforall

participants.〃意思是“最劇烈的、也是徹底不合法的對(duì)抗，是Sci-Hub的出現(xiàn)。這是一種

全球性的科學(xué)論文復(fù)印機(jī)，成立于2022年，聲稱可以訪問自2022年以來發(fā)表的每一篇付費(fèi)文

章。Sci-Hub的成功依賴于研究人員將自己合法獲取的副本傳遞出去，這說明合法生態(tài)體系在用

戶中已經(jīng)失去了合法性，必須進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)變，以使其為所有人效勞〃。

29.選A。解析：此題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問：“ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs5and

6thatopenaccessterms'"意思是，"從第5和第6段可以得知，開源期刊條款...〃定位

至嫄文第5段，InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenby

fundingbodies.Insomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.Morethanhalfofall

Britishscientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms:eitherfreely

availablefromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothat

thepublisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.意思是，

在英國(guó)，開源出版是由資助機(jī)構(gòu)推動(dòng)的。在某些方面，它己經(jīng)非常成功。當(dāng)前英國(guó)超過一半

的科學(xué)研究都是在開放獲取條款下出版的：要么從出版之日起就可以免費(fèi)獲得，要么在一年

或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)付費(fèi)，這樣出版商在公開發(fā)行前就可以獲利。定位到原文第6段，Yetthenew

systemhasnotyetworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.Publishershave

respondedtothedemandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreadersbychargingtheir

writersfeestocoverthecostsofpreparinganarticle.Theserangefromaround￡500

to$5,000,andapparentlytheworkgetsmoreexpensivethemorethatpublishersdo

it.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothofsubscriptionsandofthese

aarticlepreparationcosts"hadbeensteadilyrisingat