給排水設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算說(shuō)明書(shū)

華南地區(qū)A市排水工程初步設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算說(shuō)明書(shū)院系專(zhuān)業(yè)環(huán)境工程年級(jí)班級(jí)姓名學(xué)號(hào)環(huán)境工程系目錄TOC\o"1-3"\h\u一．設(shè)計(jì)資料的調(diào)查 II區(qū)總面積為373.42公頃，人口密度為511人／公頃設(shè)計(jì)人口=511×373.42=190818人總變化系數(shù)居民區(qū)生活污水量總變化系數(shù)值可按綜合分析得出的總變化系數(shù)與平均流量間的關(guān)系式求得，即K式中Q——平均日平均時(shí)污水流量（L/s）。當(dāng)Q<5L/s時(shí)，Kz=2.3；Q>1000L/s時(shí)，Kz=1.3。具體計(jì)算及相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)見(jiàn)表2：城鎮(zhèn)居住區(qū)生活污水設(shè)計(jì)流量計(jì)算表。設(shè)計(jì)工業(yè)廢水量設(shè)計(jì)工業(yè)廢水量包括工業(yè)企業(yè)生活污水及淋浴污水和工業(yè)生產(chǎn)廢水量?jī)刹糠种?。即Qm=Q2+Q3式中Qm——設(shè)計(jì)工業(yè)廢水量（L/s）(1)工業(yè)企業(yè)生活污水及淋浴污水的設(shè)計(jì)流量Q2按下式計(jì)算式中——工業(yè)企業(yè)生活污水及沐浴污水的設(shè)計(jì)流量（L/s）；——一般車(chē)間最大班職工人數(shù)（cap）；——熱車(chē)間最大班職工人數(shù)（cap）；——一般車(chē)間職工生活污水定額，以25（L/cap?班）計(jì)；——熱車(chē)間職工生活污水定額，以35（L/cap?班）計(jì)；——一般車(chē)間生活污水量時(shí)變化系數(shù)，以3.0計(jì)；——熱車(chē)間生活污水量時(shí)變化系數(shù)，以2.5計(jì)；——一般車(chē)間最大班使用沐浴的職工人數(shù)（cap）；——熱車(chē)間最大班使用沐浴的職工人數(shù)（cap）；——一般車(chē)間的沐浴污水定額，以40（L/cap?班）計(jì)；——高溫、污染嚴(yán)重車(chē)間的沐浴污水定額，以60（L/cap?班）計(jì)；T——每班工作時(shí)數(shù)（h）。沐浴時(shí)間以60min計(jì)。具體計(jì)算見(jiàn)表3：各工廠生活污水及沐浴污水設(shè)計(jì)流量計(jì)算表 (2)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)廢水設(shè)計(jì)流量Q3工業(yè)生產(chǎn)廢水設(shè)計(jì)流量Q3，即最大班排水量。具體計(jì)算見(jiàn)表4：城鎮(zhèn)生產(chǎn)廢水設(shè)計(jì)流量計(jì)算表。 城市污水設(shè)計(jì)總流量計(jì)算城市污水總的設(shè)計(jì)流量是綜合生活污水和設(shè)計(jì)工業(yè)廢水量?jī)刹糠种?，具體計(jì)算見(jiàn)表5：城鎮(zhèn)污水總流量綜合表。主干管和各干管設(shè)計(jì)流量計(jì)算計(jì)算比流量各個(gè)區(qū)域的比流量可以用下式求得：式中n——居住區(qū)生活污水定額（L/(cap?d)）；P——人口密度（cap/ha）。具體計(jì)算見(jiàn)表6：各區(qū)域生活污水比流量表。計(jì)算本段流量計(jì)算集中流量計(jì)算各管段設(shè)計(jì)流量具體計(jì)算見(jiàn)表7：污水干管設(shè)計(jì)流量計(jì)算表。污水管道的水力計(jì)算污水管道水力計(jì)算的設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)排水管渠粗糙系數(shù)表本設(shè)計(jì)管網(wǎng)采用鋼筋混凝土管，排水管渠粗糙系數(shù)選取n=0.014。設(shè)計(jì)充滿度在設(shè)計(jì)流量下，污水在管道中的水深h和管道直徑D的比值稱(chēng)為充滿度（或水深比），我國(guó)按不滿流方法進(jìn)行污水管道設(shè)計(jì)，其最大充滿度的規(guī)定見(jiàn)下表。設(shè)計(jì)流速和設(shè)計(jì)流量、設(shè)計(jì)充滿度相應(yīng)的水流平均速度叫做設(shè)計(jì)流速。污水在管內(nèi)流動(dòng)緩慢時(shí)，污水中所含雜質(zhì)可能下沉，產(chǎn)生淤積；當(dāng)污水流速增大時(shí)，可能產(chǎn)生沖刷現(xiàn)象，甚至損壞管道。故設(shè)計(jì)流速不宜過(guò)大或過(guò)小，應(yīng)在最大和最小設(shè)計(jì)流速范圍之內(nèi)。污水管道的最小設(shè)計(jì)流速為0.6m/s。金屬管道的最大設(shè)計(jì)流速為10m/s，非金屬管道的最大設(shè)計(jì)流速為5m/s。最小管徑一般情況下，采用較大的管徑，可選用較小的坡度，使管道埋深減小。通常規(guī)定在街區(qū)和廠區(qū)內(nèi)的最小管徑為200mm，在街道下為300mm。在進(jìn)行管道水力計(jì)算時(shí)，上游管段由于服務(wù)的排水面積小，因而設(shè)計(jì)流量小，按此流量計(jì)算得出的管徑小于最小管徑，此時(shí)就采用最小管徑值。最小設(shè)計(jì)坡度對(duì)應(yīng)管內(nèi)流速為最小設(shè)計(jì)流速時(shí)管道坡度叫做最小設(shè)計(jì)坡度。具體規(guī)定：管徑200mm的最小設(shè)計(jì)坡度0.004；管徑300mm的最小設(shè)計(jì)坡度0.003。300mm以上的設(shè)計(jì)管徑根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)流量，滿足最小設(shè)計(jì)流速的最大充滿度而定。一般管徑超過(guò)300mm的管段設(shè)計(jì)坡度不會(huì)超過(guò)3‰。埋設(shè)深度污水管道的最小埋深深度，應(yīng)滿足下述三個(gè)要求：A.必須防止管道內(nèi)污水冰凍和因土壤凍脹而損壞管道；B.必須防止關(guān)閉因地面荷載而受到破壞。車(chē)行道下污水管最小覆土厚度不宜小于0.7m；C.必須滿足街區(qū)污水連接管銜接的要求。污水出戶管的最小埋深一般采取0.5—0.7，故街坊污水管道起點(diǎn)最小埋深應(yīng)有0.6-0.7m。污水管道的最大埋深在干燥土壤中一般不能超過(guò)7—8m。主干管，部分干管水力計(jì)算（1）部分干管的水力計(jì)算通常規(guī)定在街道下的管道最小管徑為300mm。管徑300mm的鋼筋混凝土管在最小設(shè)計(jì)流速0.6m/s和最大充滿度0.55的情況下能通過(guò)的最大流量為24L/s。低于該值時(shí)可視作不計(jì)算管段，直接采用最小管徑300mm，和最小坡度0.003而不再進(jìn)行水力計(jì)算，當(dāng)有適當(dāng)?shù)臎_洗水源時(shí)，可考慮設(shè)置沖洗井。本管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)主干管上點(diǎn)1為管道水力計(jì)算起始點(diǎn)，離污水處理廠最遠(yuǎn)的干管起點(diǎn)有13，25，35，44，53，58，66，這些點(diǎn)都可能成為管道系統(tǒng)的控制點(diǎn)。對(duì)干管13-2，25-6進(jìn)行水力計(jì)算，13，25兩干管起始點(diǎn)的埋深可用最小覆土厚度的限值確定。各檢查井處地面標(biāo)高通過(guò)比值法借助已有等高線確定，管段在檢查井處的銜接方法為，管徑不同采用管頂平接，管徑相同采用水面平接。同時(shí)保證下游管段上端管底標(biāo)高，水面標(biāo)高均小于或等于上游管段下端管底標(biāo)高，水面標(biāo)高。為確保滿足干管和主干管銜接的要求，設(shè)計(jì)管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)應(yīng)對(duì)所有干管進(jìn)行水力計(jì)算校核，本次設(shè)計(jì)中由北至南地面坡度約為0.001398，整個(gè)管網(wǎng)上無(wú)個(gè)別低洼點(diǎn)，各區(qū)域地面坡度較接近，而干管13-2,25-6在七根干管中流量最大，結(jié)合其埋深數(shù)據(jù)，可合理推測(cè)剩余干管與主干管銜接點(diǎn)處埋深均在2~3m范圍內(nèi)，不再計(jì)算。具體計(jì)算見(jiàn)表8：污水干管13-2水力計(jì)算表。表9：污水干管25-6水力計(jì)算表。主干管的水力計(jì)算點(diǎn)2對(duì)主干管埋深起主要作用，綜合考慮冰凍線，地面荷載，污水管連接管銜接要求，定點(diǎn)2埋深為2.33m。具體計(jì)算見(jiàn)表11：污水主干管水力計(jì)算表。計(jì)算結(jié)果表明主干管末端管段埋深超過(guò)8m，考慮在76號(hào)檢查井處設(shè)置一個(gè)提升泵站，將該出作為一個(gè)控制點(diǎn)，并對(duì)干管53-10進(jìn)行水力計(jì)算以得到銜接處埋深數(shù)據(jù)，從而確定泵站提升高度。具體計(jì)算見(jiàn)表10：污水干管53-10水力計(jì)算表。為使主干管有較好的水力條件，若干管標(biāo)高比主干管的管底標(biāo)高高出許多，需要在連接處前的干管上設(shè)置跌水井。特殊路段管道敷設(shè)由于城市中間有一條鐵路穿過(guò)將城市分為兩塊，而敷設(shè)干管時(shí)81-82管段必須經(jīng)過(guò)該鐵路，根據(jù)《給排水手冊(cè)》第五冊(cè)1.5.7“管道穿越鐵路或公路”一部分進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。管線垂直于鐵路，以縮短穿越長(zhǎng)度，管材采用加固管，其斷面，坡度，流量，流速，等設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)與上下游管段相同或相當(dāng)，高程應(yīng)相互銜接，管道尺寸按相應(yīng)外部載荷設(shè)計(jì)，并經(jīng)有關(guān)鐵路交通管理部門(mén)同意，且不小于900mm。此外，頂營(yíng)或套管管頂與鐵路軌底之間的垂直距離應(yīng)不小于l.2m。鐵路穿越管道示意圖見(jiàn)下圖1-15。污水管道平面圖和縱剖面圖的繪制八．附表

表1：街區(qū)面積II區(qū)I區(qū)編號(hào)面積(/ha)編號(hào)面積(/ha)編號(hào)面積(/ha)編號(hào)面積(/ha)編號(hào)面積(/ha)編號(hào)面積(/ha)編號(hào)面積(/ha)編號(hào)面積(/ha)14.18219.844111.155529.51755.94951.761157.1013510.9024.94224.26425.455610.41764.35966.9511612.8013616.2838.242310.01439.99577.45776.98979.961179.9013715.0841.75248.57445.12582.67784.509815.6311811.9113813.4150.092510.79458.57594.96794.57994.071197.8313916.3769.18269.42469.94605.178031.671001.6212013.9314016.68710.51276.734710.72617.258111.731019.5312112.5714115.898（廠B）12.64280.094810.19628.04829.411022.9612217.8699.74291.75491.656310.448318.691031.141239.70102.73302.73506.73646.62847.711049.111241.30115.12319.74519.42656.55856.6510516.0312511.53129.94328.245210.79665.77863.8810620.4012610.16135.45334.94534.266719.13878.5110716.6012712.45144.92344.18549.84686.97886.731084.6012812.71152.43352.43698.888912.751094.8612912.29161.65364.92709.80900.771104.5713010.981710.193712.64719.359111.921118.6413110.241810.723810.51726.769213.0411215.691329.111911.15399.18735.88934.6211316.1313311.12207.84407.8474（廠A）15.149410.8811414.1513411.32133.41138.82113.83186.76185.30184.41216.78104.62386.07877.87表2：城鎮(zhèn)居住區(qū)生活污水設(shè)計(jì)流量計(jì)算表排水流域居住區(qū)面積（ha）人口密度（cap/ha）居民人數(shù)（cap）生活污水定額L/(cap*d)平均污水量設(shè)計(jì)流量（m3/d）（m3/h）(L/s)總變化系數(shù)（m3/h）(L/s)I862.7342636752312044102.761837.62510.451.42498.87694.13II373.42511190818150286231192.63331.281.41700.77472.43合計(jì)1236.15——558341——72725.763030.24841.731.33900.061083.35表3：各工廠生活污水及沐浴污水設(shè)計(jì)流量計(jì)算表車(chē)間名稱(chēng)班數(shù)每班時(shí)數(shù)(h)車(chē)間類(lèi)型生活污水淋浴污水合計(jì)職工人數(shù)污水定額L/（cap*班）日流量(m3)最大班流量(m3)時(shí)變化系數(shù)Kh最大時(shí)流量(m3)最大秒流量(L)使用淋浴的職工人數(shù)污水定額L/（cap*班）日流量(m3)最大時(shí)流量(m3)最大秒流量(L)日流量(m3)最大時(shí)流量(m3)最大秒流量(L)日總(cap)最大班(cap)日(cap)最大班(cap)A38一般車(chē)間5972012514.935.0331.880.521585640.006.322.240.6221.254.121.15熱車(chē)間6622352.310.772.50.240.07602160.003.601.260.355.911.500.42B38一般車(chē)間6152072515.385.1831.940.541675740.006.682.280.6322.064.221.17熱車(chē)間10836353.781.262.50.390.111023460.006.122.040.579.902.430.68合計(jì)————————————36.3912.23——4.461.24————————7.822.1759.1112.283.41表4：城鎮(zhèn)生產(chǎn)廢水設(shè)計(jì)流量計(jì)算表車(chē)間名稱(chēng)班數(shù)每班時(shí)數(shù)最大班排水量設(shè)計(jì)流量(m3/d)(m3/h)(m3/h)(L/s)A廠382520105.00105.0029.17B廠38235097.9297.9227.20合計(jì)4870202.92202.9256.37表5：城鎮(zhèn)污水總流量綜合表排水工程對(duì)象平均日污水流量（m3/d)最大時(shí)污水流量(m3/h)設(shè)計(jì)流量(L/s)生活污水進(jìn)入城鎮(zhèn)污水管道的生產(chǎn)廢水生活污水進(jìn)入城鎮(zhèn)污水管道的生產(chǎn)污水生活污水進(jìn)入城鎮(zhèn)污水管道的生產(chǎn)污水居住區(qū)72725.76——3900.06——1083.35——廠A27.162520.005.63105.001.5629.17廠B31.962350.006.6597.921.8527.20火車(chē)站1420.00——59.17——16.44——合計(jì)74204.874870.003971.51202.921103.2056.37總計(jì)79074.874174.431159.57表6：各區(qū)域生活污水比流量表區(qū)域人口密度cap/ha生活污水定額比流量L/(cap?d)L/(s?ha）I4261200.592II5111500.887表7：污水干管設(shè)計(jì)流量計(jì)算表管段編號(hào)居住區(qū)生活污水量Q1集中流量設(shè)計(jì)流量(L/s)本段流量轉(zhuǎn)輸流量q2(L/s)合計(jì)平均流量（L/s)總變化系數(shù)Kz生活污水設(shè)計(jì)流量Q1(L/s)本段轉(zhuǎn)輸街區(qū)編號(hào)街區(qū)面積(ha)比流量q0(L/s?ha)流量q1(L/s)(L/s)(L/s)1-2506.730.8875.975.972.213.1413.1413-1415.4015.402.030.7730.7714-7932.8632.861.860.4329.0589.4779-1537.7037.701.868.2829.0597.3315-1651.0551.051.889.4429.05118.4916-1760.5660.561.7104.1229.05133.1717-1874.8474.841.7125.7129.05154.7518-19219.840.8878.7374.8483.571.7138.6729.05167.7219-2093.1493.141.6152.7329.05181.7720-2194.7894.781.6155.1029.05184.1521-22105.84105.841.6171.1229.05200.1722-23123.58123.581.6196.4229.05225.4723-24140.41140.411.6220.0729.05249.1224-2156.84156.841.5242.8329.05271.882-3519.420.8878.36162.81171.171.5262.4929.05291.533-45210.790.8879.57171.17180.741.5275.5129.05304.564-5549.840.8878.73180.74189.471.5287.3229.05316.375-6189.47189.471.5287.3229.05316.3725-801.631.632.33.753.7580-2612.6912.692.025.9225.9226-2719.2219.222.037.4937.4927-2819.2219.222.037.4916.4453.9228-2936.0636.061.865.6316.4482.0629-3052.5452.541.791.7516.44108.1830-3166.8766.871.7113.7116.44130.1531-3282.2682.261.7136.7416.44153.1832-3399.7399.731.6162.3016.44178.7433-34127.48127.481.6201.9416.44218.3734-6141.76141.761.6221.9516.44238.386-81331.23331.231.4472.3745.48517.8582-7331.23331.231.4472.3745.48517.857-88318.690.59211.06331.23342.291.4486.3845.48531.8635-3628.0428.041.952.4752.4736-3738.3338.331.869.3069.3037-386719.130.59211.3252.3163.631.7108.80108.8038-39686.970.5924.1363.6367.761.7115.06115.0639-4073.0173.011.7122.97122.9740-4182.5582.551.7137.17137.1741-4286.0686.061.7142.3530.73173.0842-4392.8692.861.6152.3230.73183.0543-8118.56118.561.6189.3030.73220.048-75847.710.5924.57460.85465.421.4639.3576.22715.5775-9856.650.5923.94465.42469.351.4644.1676.22720.3844-453.883.882.39.039.0345-4611.4211.422.123.5823.5846-4723.2323.231.944.3844.3847-4842.3342.331.875.6975.6948-4946.4846.481.882.2782.2749-5051.7751.771.790.5590.5550-5160.3360.331.7103.77103.7751-5261.1161.111.7104.95104.9552-973.1873.181.7123.21123.219-7613616.280.5929.64542.53552.161.3744.4076.22820.6176-1013715.080.5928.93552.16561.091.3755.1076.22831.3253-5414.8914.892.029.8629.8654-5529.2929.291.954.5454.5455-5649.2249.221.886.5786.5756-5762.0662.061.7106.40106.4057-1073.5173.511.7123.71123.7110-7713813.410.5927.94634.60642.541.3851.9176.22928.1377-1113916.370.5929.69642.54652.241.3863.3476.22939.5658-599.029.022.119.1219.1259-6019.4719.471.937.9337.9360-6128.7328.731.953.6153.6161-6240.8040.801.873.2773.2762-6350.3550.351.888.3488.3463-6457.7957.791.799.8799.8764-6565.1665.161.7111.12111.1265-1171.7471.741.7121.06121680.5929.88723.98733.851.3958.8676.221035.0766-678.008.002.117.1917.1967-6815.4815.482.030.9330.9368-6918.8518.852.036.8536.8569-7024.4624.461.946.4546.4570-7138.4938.491.869.5569.5571-7254.4454.441.794.7094.7072-7370.7670.761.7119.58119.5873-7485.5685.561.7141.60141.6074-1298.7198.711.6160.82160.8212-7814115.890.5929.41832.56841.971.31083.6276.221159.84注：81-82為穿鐵路管線表8：污水干管13-2水力計(jì)算表管段編號(hào)管道長(zhǎng)度L（m）設(shè)計(jì)流量Q(L/S)管徑D（mm）坡度I（‰）流速v（m/s）充滿度降落量I*L(m)標(biāo)高（m）埋設(shè)深度（m）h/Dh(m)地面水面管內(nèi)底上端下端上端下端上端下端上端下端13-14424.3730.773501.7420.60.530.1860.739165.60165.20165.339164.600164.600163.8611.001.3414-79240.2989.474501.9960.820.650.2930.48165.20164.96164.241163.761163.761163.2811.441.6879-15166.2697.335001.8710.820.580.2900.311164.96164.78163.521163.210163.231162.9201.731.8615-16204118.495001.6920.820.690.3450.345164.78164.56163.210162.865162.865162.5201.922.0416-17205.54133.176001.5130.820.580.3480.311164.56164.33162.768162.457162.420162.1092.142.2217-18442.86154.756001.3890.820.630.3780.615164.33163.82162.457161.842162.079161.4642.252.3618-19241167.726001.3370.820.680.4080.322163.82163.76161.842161.520161.434161.1122.392.6519-20161.79181.776001.450.860.70.4200.235163.76163.57161.520161.285161.100160.8652.662.7120-21451.88184.156001.4880.870.70.4200.672163.57163.06161.285160.613160.865160.1932.712.8721-22243.74200.177001.3540.870.580.4060.33163.06162.70160.499160.169160.093159.7632.972.9422-23439.4225.477001.2680.870.640.4480.557162.70162.03160.169159.612159.721159.1642.982.8723-24371.96249.127001.2110.870.70.490.45162.03161.48159.612159.162159.122158.6722.912.8124-23.275271.887001.4260.940.70.490.005161.48161.00159.162159.157158.672158.6672.812.33表9：污水干管25-6水力計(jì)算表管段編號(hào)管道長(zhǎng)度L（m）設(shè)計(jì)流量Q(L/S)管徑D（mm）坡度I（‰）流速v（m/s）充滿度降落量I*L(m)標(biāo)高（m）埋設(shè)深度（m）h/Dh(m)地面水面管內(nèi)底上端下端上端下端上端下端上端下端25-80481.423.753003——————1.444165.79165.24————164.790163.3461.001.8980-26247.6525.9230030.70.520.1560.743165.24164.95163.502162.759163.346162.6031.892.3526-27291.1137.493502.3060.70.540.1890.671164.95164.57162.742162.071162.553161.8822.402.6927-28177.9353.924001.8220.70.590.2360.324164.57164.34162.068161.744161.832161.5082.742.8328-29360.1682.064501.8380.780.630.2840.662164.34163.87161.742161.080161.458160.7962.883.0729-30193.01108.185001.5930.790.660.3300.307163.87163.58161.076160.769160.746160.4393.123.1430-31136.91130.156001.3920.790.570.3420.191163.58163.38160.681160.490160.339160.1483.243.2331-32435.79153.186001.2720.790.650.3900.554163.38162.77160.490159.936160.100159.5463.283.2232-33408.38178.746001.4020.850.70.4200.573162.77162.19159.936159.363159.516158.9433.253.2533-34413.82218.377001.2150.850.630.4410.503162.19161.57159.284158.781158.843158.3403.353.2334-6478.75238.387001.1660.850.680.4760.558161.57160.81158.781158.223158.305157.7473.263.0625-80屬于不計(jì)算管段表10：污水干管53-10水力計(jì)算表管段編號(hào)管道長(zhǎng)度L（m）設(shè)計(jì)流量Q(L/S)管徑D（mm）坡度I（‰）流速v（m/s）充滿度降落量I*L(m)標(biāo)高（m）埋設(shè)深度（m）h/Dh(m)地面水面管內(nèi)底上端下端上端下端上端下端上端下端53-54326.9329.863501.7760.60.510.1790.581163.62163.18162.749162.168162.570161.9891.051.1954-55446.5954.544002.0680.740.570.2280.924163.18162.61162.167161.243161.939161.0151.241.6055-56388.0286.574501.8690.790.650.2930.725162.61162.05161.258160.533160.965160.2401.651.8156-57329.01106.405001.6220.790.650.3250.534162.05161.53160.515159.981160.190159.6561.861.8757-10501.03123.715001.7760.840.700.3500.890161.53160.75159.981159.091159.631158.7411.902.01表11：污水主干管水力計(jì)算表管段編號(hào)管道長(zhǎng)度L（m）設(shè)計(jì)流量Q(L/S)管徑D（mm）坡度I（‰）流速v（m/s）充滿度降落量I*L(m)標(biāo)高（m）埋設(shè)深度（m）h/Dh(m)地面水面管內(nèi)底上端下端上端下端上端下端上端下端1-2219.8213.143003.1020.600.350.1050.682160.98161.00160.085159.403159.98159.2981.001.702-3273.38291.538000.8040.780.700.5600.220161.00161.00159.230159.010158.670158.4502.332.553-4357