必修2 Unit 4 課下主題訓(xùn)練 科技發(fā)展與信息技術(shù)創(chuàng)新科學(xué)精神信息安全

PAGE第3頁共11頁課下主題訓(xùn)練科技發(fā)展與信息技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，科學(xué)精神，信息安全課時(shí)練(一)一、主題語基拓展練(一)主題詞匯盤查(已會(huì)詞匯，在□內(nèi)打“√”；欠熟練詞匯，多翻閱識(shí)記)①atmosphere□ ②gravity □③technological □ ④digital □⑤attack □ ⑥swiftly □⑦evident □ ⑧convenience □⑨advanced □ ⑩insert □?influence □ ?proposal □?appealing □ ?breakthrough □ ?significance □ ?accessible □?exploration □ ?introduction □?automatically □ ?engineer □(二)主題詞匯訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.選詞填空(有兩詞多余)atmosphere，gravity，digital，attack，insert，breakthrough，evident，influence，engineer1．Comparedwiththepast,manypeopledesiretohavearobotinthedigitaltimes.2．Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherewherehisemployeesenjoytheirwork.3．Whenadogattackedme，Ipickedupasticktodefendmyself.4．ThefallingofanapplefromatreehelpedNewtontodiscoverthelawofgravity.5．Thegapwaslargeenoughforhimtoinsertafinger.6．Determinedtomakeabreakthroughinhiscareer,heworksdayandnightinthecompany.7．Manyofthescientistsandengineersarejudgedintermsofhowgreattheirachievementsare.Ⅱ.單句語法填空1．Thelegalaidsystemshouldbeaccessible(access)tomorepeople.2．Ihavelongbeeninterestedinspaceexploration(explore)andIbelieveIcouldlearnalotfromtheastronautaboutit.3．Asweallknow，thesteamenginewasthegreatesttechnological(technology)advanceofthe19thcentury.4．Theyplantofocusonlearningadvanced(advance)technologyfromdevelopedcountries,andbuildupthefoodsupply.5．Privatecarshavebecomeapopularmeansoftransport，bringinggreatconvenience(convenient)toourlife.6．Mycomputerhasaprogramwhichcancorrectmyspellingsautomatically(automatic)．7．Puttingourselvesintheirshoesisofgreatsignificance(significant)whenwehaveconflictswithfriends.8．Withtheintroduction(introduce)ofdigitalequipment,agrowingaudiencehasbeenbroughtbacktothecinemainthepastyears.Ⅲ.用本單元詞匯替換加藍(lán)詞1．Artsometimesisinfluencedbythewayoflifeandbeliefofthepeople.affected2．Hepulledattheoarsandtheboatmovedswiftlythroughthewater.rapidly3．Shedoeslookratherappealinginthatdress.attractive4．MyteacherrecommendedmetobemonitorofourclassbutIdidn'twanttoaccepthisproposal.suggestion5．FromthelookonJoe'sfaceitwasevidentthatthenewscameasacompleteshock.obvious二、主題語篇押題練Ⅰ.閱讀理解TheInternethasbecomepartofmodernlife,bringingconvenientservicestoeveryonewhocanconnect.WhileitseemshardtolivewithouttheInternet,italsobringsnewproblems.Forexample,individuals,organizationsandevengovernmentscanbecometargetsofcyberattacks.The2020markedChina'ssixthannualCybersecurityWeek,heldfromSept.16to22nationwide.TheopeningceremonyandmajoractivitieswereheldinTianjin.Firstlaunchedin2014,theeventwasdesignedtoraisepublicawarenessoftheimportanceoffightingonlinethreatsandcyberattacks.Thethemeofthisyear'seventis“cybersecurityforthepeopleandbythepeople”．Theleaking(泄露)ofpersonalinformationnowstandsout.“Effortsshouldbemadetoraisepeople'ssenseoffulfillment,happinessandsecurityincyberspace，”saidanofficialinaninstructionfortheevent.“Thecountrywillsafeguardthesecurityofpersonalinformationandcitizens'legalrightsandinterestsincyberspace.”Accordingtoareportfromthe2017ChinaInternetSecurityConference,morethan90percentofAndroidsmartphonesforsaleinChinacontainedserioussafetybugs.Suchflaws(缺陷)allowhackerstocontrolentirephonesandobtaintheusers'passwords,bankinformationandmore.Toprotectpersonalinformation,ChinaissueditsfirstcybersecuritylawinJune2017.Onekeypartofthislawismeanttoprotectpersonalinformation.Itrulesthatnetworkoperatorsarenotallowedtoleak,changeordamagethepersonalinformationtheygather.Theyarealsonotallowedtogivepersonalinformationtoothersfreely.ApartfromChina,issuinglawstoprotectpersonalinformationandpreventjunkelectronicinformationisacommonpracticeinothercountries.語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)帶來的新問題——個(gè)人信息泄露，同時(shí)提到了中國對(duì)此采取的措施。1．Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．TointroducethenewInternet-basedproblems.B．ToshowreadersanewInternet-basedtrend.C．Tomakealistofnewcybercrimesonline.D．Tocallforprotectionofpersonalsecurity.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句可知，本段的主要目的是引出文章的中心話題：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)帶來的問題。故選A。2．WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A．Androidsmartphonessalesareonthedecrease.B．Personaldataprotectioncomesintofocus.C．Netizensaresensitivetoonlineinformation.D．Nearlyallsmartphonescontainsecurityflaws.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段首句可知，本段主要在闡述個(gè)人信息通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)泄露的問題，由此可推知，保護(hù)個(gè)人信息安全引起了人們的關(guān)注。故選B。3．WhodoesChina'sfirstcybersecuritylawmainlyintendtoregulate?A．Websitedesigners. B．Illegalhackers.C．Networkoperators. D．Internet-basedcompanies.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句“Itrulesthatnetworkoperators...freely.”可知，中國首部網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全法的主要目的是規(guī)范網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)營商。故選C。4．Whatwillbeprobablymentionedafterthelastparagraph?A．Foreignpracticestosafeguardcybersecurity.B．Countriesproducinglawsofnationalsecurity.C．Effectivewaystodealwithpersonalsecurity.D．Adviceonhowtoavoidleakingpersonaldata.解析：選A推理判斷題。最后一段提及除中國外其他國家也在保護(hù)個(gè)人信息安全，由此可以推知，后文要講述其他國家在這方面采取的措施。故選A。Ⅱ.完形填空(2021·長治質(zhì)檢)OneofmyearliestmemorieswaswatchingmyMomtalkonouroldtelephone.Iwas__1__thatshecouldtalktosomeonewhowasn'tactuallyinthe__2__withher.Whenshefinallyhungupandlefttheroom,Islowlywalkedovertothephoneand__3__atitforawhile.Iwaswonderinghowshemanagedtotalkwithsomeoneshecouldn't__4__.Thatwasalongtimeago.__5__wehadmobilephonesthatcouldbe__6__aroundtheroom.Thencamecomputersandsmartphones.ThesedaysIcansenda(n)__7__halfwayaroundtheworldinasecond.Mydaughter'ssmartphonehasahundredappsandadozensocialmediaaccounts.She__8__allofherinformationinamysteriousplace__9__as“thecloud”．Itseemsthatwearemore__10__inthisworldthaneverbefore.__11__，whatbothersmeisthatwe__12__connectwitheachothernowadays.Fewpeoplewriteletterstoeachotherthesedays.Fewtakethetimetotalk__13__.Insteadoftalkingonthephone,wetext.Insteadoflookingintotheeyesofourlovedones,westareatour__14__.Itseemsasifthemostconnectedgenerationswerealsothe__15__.Don'tlettechnologytakeourtimeand__16__ourlife.Makethetimetotalk,tolive,andtolove.Makethetimetomeetandtocommunicatewitheachother.Takeawalkonthebeachwitha__17__.Sitontheporchandwatchthesunset.Playagamewiththepeoplearoundyou.Havealongconversationwiththephonesoffandthe__18__on.Connectofflineaswellasonline.Weshould__19__eachother,helpeachotherandmakethisworlda__20__place.Whenyourtechnologycanhelpyoutodothesethingsthenuseit.Butwhenitcan'tturnitoff.語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。隨著現(xiàn)代科技的發(fā)展，很多人沉迷于手機(jī)，嚴(yán)重地影響了人們的生活。讓我們主動(dòng)放下手機(jī)，開心地享受生活。1．A.disappointed B．fascinatedC．shocked D．a(chǎn)nnoyed解析：選B根據(jù)空處所在的句子可知，作者的媽媽通過電話與在其他地方的人進(jìn)行交談，這強(qiáng)烈地吸引了(fascinated)作者。故選B。2．A.office B．kitchenC．room D．yard解析：選C根據(jù)下文“Whenshefinallyhungupandlefttheroom”可知，作者的媽媽在房間里(room)與他人通話。故選C。3．A.knocked B．smiledC．pointed D．stared解析：選D根據(jù)語境可知，作者對(duì)此很好奇，因此走到電話旁，盯著電話看了一會(huì)兒。stareat是固定搭配，意為“盯著”。故選D。4．A.see B．hearC．know D．touch解析：選A根據(jù)前文可知，作者想知道媽媽是如何設(shè)法與看(see)不見的人交談的。故選A。5．A.Yet B．LaterC．Shortly D．Once解析：選B根據(jù)上文的“Thatwasalongtimeago.”可知，這里交代時(shí)間的先后順序，先有電話，之后(Later)就有了可以隨身攜帶的(carried)手機(jī)。故選B。6．A.borrowed B．repairedC．carried D．sold解析：選C參見上題解析。7．A.letter B．invitationC．telegraph D．e-mail解析：選D根據(jù)空處所在的句子可知，現(xiàn)在能在很短時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)電子郵件(e-mail)。故選D。8．A.stores B．sharesC．downloads D．updates解析：選A根據(jù)空后的“thecloud”和常識(shí)可知，“云空間”是儲(chǔ)存信息的地方，作者的女兒把所有的信息儲(chǔ)存(stores)在云盤里。故選A。9．A.appointed B．knownC．remembered D．considered解析：選B根據(jù)語境可知，作者的女兒把信息儲(chǔ)存在一個(gè)被稱為“云空間”的神秘的地方。beknownas是固定搭配，意為“被稱作……”。故選B。10．A.convenient B．informedC．connected D．knowledgeable解析：選C根據(jù)空處所在的句子和常識(shí)可知，智能手機(jī)讓我們比以前聯(lián)系(connected)更密切了。故選C。11．A.Meanwhile B．MoreoverC．Therefore D．However解析：選D根據(jù)空處所在句可知，智能手機(jī)雖然讓我們更親密了，然而(however)人與人之間的“聯(lián)系”越來越少(rarely)了。故選D。12．A.rarely B．nearlyC．usually D．never解析：選A參見上題解析。13．A.handinhand B．facetofaceC．sidebyside D．backtoback解析：選B根據(jù)空處所在句可知，很少人花費(fèi)時(shí)間去面對(duì)面地(facetoface)與他人進(jìn)行交談。故選B。14．A.notebooks B．bulletinboardC．smartphones D．bluesky解析：選C根據(jù)空處所在句可知，我們不是看著親人的眼睛，而是盯著智能手機(jī)(smartphones)看。故選C。15．A.healthiest B．wealthiestC．happiest D．loneliest解析：選D根據(jù)空處所在句可知，聯(lián)系最方便的這代人也是最孤獨(dú)的(loneliest)。故選D。16．A.ruin B．enrichC．improve D．change解析：選A根據(jù)空處所在句可知，不要讓先進(jìn)的技術(shù)奪走我們的時(shí)間，毀掉(ruin)我們的生活。故選A。17．A.guide B．friendC．stranger D．tourist解析：選B根據(jù)空處所在句可知，和你的朋友(friend)一起去海濱散步。故選B。18．A.electricity B．musicC．hearts D．lights解析：選C關(guān)掉電話，敞開心扉(hearts)，進(jìn)行一次長談。故選C。19．A.beat B．impressC．influence D．love解析：選D根據(jù)空所在的句子可知，我們應(yīng)該彼此相愛(love)，互相幫助，讓這個(gè)世界更加美好(better)。故選D。20．A.better B．cleanerC．newer D．quieter解析：選A參見上題解析。課時(shí)練(二)一、主題語基拓展練(一)主題詞匯盤查(已會(huì)詞匯，在□內(nèi)打“√”；欠熟練詞匯，多翻閱識(shí)記)①substitute □ ②popularity □③portable □ ④software □⑤download □ ⑥electronic □⑦milestone □ ⑧alternative □⑨accelerate □ ⑩transplant □?sacrifice □ ?equipment □?connection □ ?effective □?patent □ ?advantage □?determination □ ?achievement □?update □ ?invention □(二)主題詞匯訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.選詞填空download,substitute,electronic,accelerate,alternative,update,advantage1．Thedriversteppedonthegasandacceleratedthecar.2．WhenevernecessarytheycandownloadallkindsofinformationfromtheInternet.3．Wemustsubstituteanewchairforthebrokenone.4．Ihavenoalternativebuttoreporthimtothepolice.5．Theadvantageofcyclingtoworkisthatwecanlivealow-carbonlife.6．Inaddition,manyofthecomputersintheelectronicreadingroomdon'tworkwell.7．Newsurveyssuggestthatpeoplearemorestressfulandworkinglongerhoursthaneverwithtechnologicaltoolsconstantlyupdated.Ⅱ.單句語法填空1．Wehavetakeneffective(effect)measurestopreserveournaturalresources.2．Maryfeltcutofffromtheoutsideworld,sinceshelackedanInternetconnection(connect)andcouldn'treceiveanye-mail.3．Withthepopularity(popular)oftheInternet,moreandmorepeopleprefertogoshoppingonlinebecauseofitsadvantages.4．Mostoftheteachingequipment(equip)presentedbytheHopeProject,aswellasthebooks,ismadegooduseofinthevillageschool.5．Bravemenandwomensacrificeeverythingtomakethisworldasaferplace.6．Manypeopleconsiderthecellphoneasoneofthegreatestinventions(invent)ofthelastcentury.7．ShewasawardedtheNobelPrizeinChemistryforherscientificachievements(achieve)．8．Whenfacedwithproblems,weshouldovercomethemwithgreatdetermination(determine)andstrongwillpower.Ⅲ.寫出下列句中加藍(lán)詞的漢語意思1．Thekeyboardisalargeandclumsyinstrumentasfarasportablecomputersareconcerned.便攜的2．Inourcountry，startingschoolisamilestoneforbothchildrenandparents.里程碑3．Iwouldclonealotofhumanorgans,soIcanletthosewhoneedorgantransplantregaintheirlives.移植4．ThetrademarkisregisteredonthebookofthePatentOffice.專利5．Youcanusethissoftwaretoburncustomcompilationsofyourfavoritetunes.軟件二、主題語篇押題練Ⅰ.閱讀理解Peoplearelesswillingtorelyontheirknowledgeandsaytheyknowsomethingwhentheyhaveaccess(接近)totheInternet,suggestingthatourconnectiontothewebisaffectinghowwethink.ProfessorEvanRisko,oftheDepartmentofPsychologyattheUniversityofWaterloo,ledarecentstudywheretheteamaskedabout100participants(參與者)aseriesofgeneral-knowledgequestions,suchasnamingthecapitalofFrance.Forhalfofthestudy,participantshadaccesstotheInternet.Theyhadtolookuptheanswerwhentheyrespondedthattheydidnotknowtheanswer.Intheotherhalfofthestudy,participantsdidnothaveaccesstotheInternet.Theteamfoundthatthepeoplewhohadaccesstothewebwereabout5percentmorelikelytosaythattheydidnotknowtheanswertothequestion.Furthermore,insomecases,thepeoplewithaccesstotheInternetreportedfeelingasthoughtheyknewlesscomparedtothepeoplewithoutaccess.“WiththepopularityoftheInternet,wearealmostfrequentlyconnectedtolargeamountsofinformation.Andwhenthatdataiswithinreach,peopleseemlesslikelytorelyontheirownknowledge，”saidProfessorRisko.Studyingtheresults,theresearchersthoughtthataccesstotheInternetmightmakeitlessacceptabletosayyouknowsomethingbutareincorrect.Itisalsopossiblethatparticipantsweremorelikelytosaytheydidn'tknowananswerwhentheyhadaccesstothewebbecauseonlinesearchingoffersanopportunitytoconfirmtheiranswer,andtheprocessoffindingouttheanswerisrewarding.“OurresultssuggestthataccesstotheInternetaffectsthedecisionswemakeaboutwhatweknowanddon'tknow，”saidRisko.“Wehopethisresearchhelpsusunderstandhoweasyaccesstolargeamountsofinformationcaninfluenceourthinkingandbehaviour.”語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了人們現(xiàn)在更多地是依靠互聯(lián)網(wǎng)獲取知識(shí)，而不是依賴自身掌握的知識(shí)。這說明了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)在影響著人們的思想，人們也越來越依靠互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。1．ThestudybyProfessorRiskoshowsthat________.A．weareeasilycheatedbythewebB．thewebismakingourlifeharderC．wearebecomingdependentonthewebD．thewebhelpsusmakecorrectdecisions解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段可知，Risko教授的研究表明人們?cè)絹碓揭揽炕ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)，故選C。2．Whatdoweknowaboutthequestionsaskedinthestudy?A．Theywerefunny. B．Theyweresimple.C．Theywerepersonal. D．Theyweredifficult.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“general-knowledgequestions”可知，這些問題非常簡單。故選B。3．Inthestudy,theparticipantswithaccesstotheweb________.A．mademoreprogressB．showedlessconfidenceC．gavewronganswersD．showedmoreoptimism解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，能使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的人不如那些不能使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的人對(duì)自己有信心。故選B。4．Whatdoestheword“data”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Goal. B．Dream.C．Distance. D．Information.解析：選D詞義猜測(cè)題。畫線部分的上句提到，隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及人們能夠頻繁地接觸到大量的信息，由此可推知，data指的是上一句提到的information，故選D。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五StudyLinksVideoGameUsetoProblemsinSchoolAnewstudywarnsthattoomuchtimespentplayingcomputergamescouldaffectachild'sperformanceatschool.__1__Theyshowthattoomanyhoursspentplayinggamescanreducestudents'chancesofsuccessinschool.Morethan600teenagersbetweentheagesof14and16tookpartintheresearchproject.__2__Itissaidtobethefirsteverlong-termstudyinNorthernIrelandontheinfluenceofinformationtechnologyonschooltestresults.Thestudyfoundthatteenagerswhoplayedcomputergameslessthanonceaweekweremoresuccessfulinschoolthanthosewhoplayedthemtwiceadayormore.41%ofthestudentswhousedgamingdevicestwoormoretimesadayreceivedpassinggradesonschoolexams.__3__Thestudyfoundthatsocialmediausedidnotaffectschoolperformance.CalineMcStravickisthedirectoroftheNationalChildren'sBureauNorthernIreland.Shesaysthestudyshowednoconnectionbetweensocialmediaandtestresults.“__4__Ithinkthat'smorebecausesocialmediaispartofeverychild'slife.It'sthewaytheycommunicate.It'sthewaytheykeepintouchwiththeirfriends.”Manyparentssaytheirchildrenarebecomingincreasinglydependentoncomputergames.Somehavecomparedgamingtoadrugaddiction.__5__Itsuggestedthatcomputergamescancausechildrentostayawakelateatnight.Lesssleepmakeschildrentiredandunabletopayattentioninschoolthenextday.A．However,thestudydidnotexploreaddiction.B．Thenewgamesaremuchdifferentfromolderones.C．Itwasclearthatsocialmediadidn'thaveanyeffect.D．Ittookplaceoveraperiodofthreeyearsfrom2013to2015.E．Thatcomparedwith77%ofthosewhora