Lesson7高級(jí)英語課程教案第一冊

PAGEPAGE15TextBook《高級(jí)英語》由張漢熙主編,外語教學(xué)與研究出版社TitleUnit7TheAgeofMiracleChipsTeachingAims1.ImprovingReadingSkillsunderstandingsciencewriting2.EnrichingVocabularyenlargingvocabularycultivatingstudents’senseofwordbuildingunderstandingthatsynonymshavefineshades3.ImprovingWritingskillsMakingeffectiveuseofspecificverbsandadjectivesEmployingvariousmethodstomakescientificwritingunderstandableandinterestingTeachingActivitiesVocabulary1hourTextAnalysis4hoursDiscussion3hoursPractice2hoursTeachingProcessI.WarmingupII．IntroductiontoAdditionalBackgroundKnowledgeIII.TextAnalysis IntroductiontothePassageEffectiveWritingSkillsRhetoricalDevicesSpecialDifficultiesIV.QuestionsAssignmentWriteashortcompositiononthetopic:Isthecomputerahumanizingordehumanizingfactor/ReferenceBooksLongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglishAHandbookofWritingEnglishRhetoric&WritingOxfordAdvancedLearner’sDictionaryofCurrentEnglish《英語修辭大全》AGuidetoAdvancedEnglishBritanniaEncyclopedia附頁TextBook《高級(jí)英語》由張漢熙主編,外語教學(xué)與研究出版社TitleUnit7TheAgeofMiracleChipsWarming-upActivitiesElicitsomeinformationabouttheelectronicrevolutionfromstudentsDiscusstheconveniencesandinconveniencesbroughtbycomputers.附頁TextBook《高級(jí)英語》由張漢熙主編,外語教學(xué)與研究出版社TitleUnit7TheAgeofMiracleChipsAdditionalBackgroundInformationAboutByzantineartDesignationofworksoftransitionalstyleoftheByzantineEmpire,whichcameintobeingasaresultoftheadaptationofEarlyRomanarttotherequirementsoftheChristianfaithandwhichflourishedfrom328-1453A.D.INarchitectureitwascharacterizedbydomesonsubstructureswith4ormorecorners.Inpaintingitwascharacterizedbyapreferencefrobrightcolors(gold,blue)andaustere,slenderfigures.AboutOxfordtutorialAsystemofinstructionpracticedatOxfordUniversity,AboutWellsianfantasyFantasyinthesciencefictionstories(TheTimeMachine,TheFirstMenintheMoon.Etc.)writtenbytheEnglishnovelistH.G.wells(1866-1946)附頁TextBook《高級(jí)英語》由張漢熙主編,外語教學(xué)與研究出版社TitleUnit7TheAgeofMiracleChipsTeachingActivities(Vocabulary)Inenrichingstudents’vocabulary,focusesaretobeonthefollowingaspects:SpellingandPronunciationSynonymsOppositesSimilarwordsandexpressionsCultivatestudents’sensitivenesstoworld-building附頁TextBook《高級(jí)英語》由張漢熙主編,外語教學(xué)與研究出版社TitleUnit7TheAgeofMiracleChipsTeachingActivities(Discussion)Specialdifficultiesunderstandingsometermsconcerningcomputerparaphrasingsomedifficultsentencespropernamesandtradenamesareusedascommonnouns.QuestionsWhatwasthecomputerof25yearsagolike?Whatisthemiraclechipoftodaylike?DescribeadayofMr.Aandhiswife.Whatrolewillcomputersplayineducation,motor-manufacturing?Whatisthesignificanceofthecomputerrevolution?Themethodstheauthoremployedtomakehiswritinginterestingthepronoun“it”isusedforseveraltimeswithoutrevealingwhatitrefersto,withtheintentionofarousingreaders’curiositytheapplicationofsomefigureofspeechthesimplepresenttensetheuseofwell-knownfiguresofsomeliteraryworkspropernamesandtradenamesareusedascommonnouns.附頁TextBook《高級(jí)英語》由張漢熙主編,外語教學(xué)與研究出版社TitleUnit7TheAgeofMiracleChipsTeachingActivities(TextAnalysis1)IntroductiontothePassageThetextisascientificpieceofwriting,takenfroma15specialsectionentitled“TheComputerSociety”presentedbytheAmericanmagazineTime,February20,1978.Inthestorythewriterpredictsintheageofmiraclechips,whatourliveswillbelooklike.RhetoricalDevicesPersonification,synecdoche,metaphor,metonymyEffectiveWritingSkillsMakingeffectiveuseofspecificverbsandadjectivesEmployingvariousmethodstomakescientificwritingunderstandableandinteresting附頁TextBook《高級(jí)英語》由張漢熙主編,外語教學(xué)與研究出版社TitleUnit7TheAgeofMiracleChipsTeachingActivities(TextAnalysis2EnglishVersion)1.Miraclechips:Amiracleisaneventoractionthatapparentlycontradictsknownscientificlawsandishencethoughttobedutosupernaturalcauses,especiallytoanactofGod.Achipisatinysquareofamaterial,suchassilicon,processedtohavespecificelectroniccharacteristics.Therefore,miriclechipsarethesessiliconsquarescapableofaccomplishingincredibletasks.aerialviewofarailroadswitchingyard:Arailroadswitchingyardisanareawhererailroadtrainsaremadeupandcarsareswitched,stored,orserviced.Themiraclechiplookslikearailroadswitchingyardlookedatfromanairplaneorhelicopterflyingabove..fortheso-calledmiraclechips…25yearsago:Thistinyfleckcanstoreasmuchinformationasthehugecomputersofthepast.Thesechipshavesuchanextraordinarycapabilitythattheyalmostseemtoperformmiracle.UnlikethehulkingCalibans…infinitelyversatileandconvenient:Chipshaveevolvedfromcomputerswhichweremadeofmanyvacuumtubesandlotofwires.TheywereclumsyanduglylikeCaliban.(SeeNote4).Sincetheymadeofsilicon,chipscanbeproducedeasilyandinexpensivelyonalargescale(cheapandeasytoproduce).Theycandoalimitlessnumberofoperations(infinitelyversatile)anddothemrapidly(fast).Theyareeasytohandleandoperate(convenient).Thereforethechipsareamajoradvanceovertheearliermodelsofcomputers.thebulkingCalibansof…:vacuumtubesandtangledwireslikethehulkingCalibans,e.g.Sheisafineofawoman.Theywentintoacaveofaroom.Heisanidotofaman.Tangledwires:notliterallytangled;somanywiresthattheyappeartothecasualobserverasiftheyweretangledTheworld’sfirstelectroniccomputermadein1946intheU.S.had18,000electronictubes,weighing130tons,occupyingafloorspaceof170squaremetres.Themiraclechiprepresentsadevelopment…thediscoveryofthesteamengine:…isagreattechnicaldevelopmentformankind.Itisasimportantasthedevelopmentofhandtoolsortheinventionofthesteamengine.Beforetools,peoplehadonlytheirhandstousefordoingandmakingthings.Asteamengineisanenginethatconvertsheatenergyofpressurizedsteamintomechanicalenergy.Beforethesteamengine,everythingwasoeratedbysourcesofenergyfounddirectlyinnaturehuman,animal,windandwaterpower.Therefore,thedevelopmentof“miraclechips”isatechnicalbreakthrough,justlikethedevelopmentof….Withthechip,amazingfeatsofmemoryand…ababy’snurrury:Bymeansofthechip,wearenowabletoperformwonderfulfeatsofstoringinformationandcarryingoutprogrammedinstructionsineveryfieldfrom…toababy’snursery.memory:INelectronics,itmeansthecomponentsofacomputer,guidancesystem,etc.designedtoaccept,store,andrecallinformationorinstructionsLiving:Pushbuttonpower:Itmeanspushbuttonpowerwillplayanimportantpartinliving(dailyhouseholdchoreswillbeperformedbypushbuttonpowerintheageofmiraclechips).aselectiverundown(orderedupthenightbefore)ofallthe…political,monetary:Thenightbefore,Mr.A.hadplacedhisorderforasummaryoftheparticularworldnewsthatinterestshim,namelynewsabouttheeconomy.Apersoncaninstructthecomputertoselectonlythosekindsofitemsheisinterestedin.Thelatter-dayAladdin:themodernAladdin.Notetheanalogy.HerethefuturemaniscomparedtoAladdininTheArabianNights,andthemiracleshipsaretothegenie.ForAladdin,seeNote8tothetext.issuesastringofbusinessandpersonalmemos:Hegivesforthaseriesofbothapersonalandbusinessnature.Sinceitdoesnotsayotherwise,hemusthavegiventhemessagesorally.Hereitisnotnecessarytowriteitsincethe“geniescreen”willrecorditforhim.eyeball-to-eyeball:similartoface-to-faceandeye-to-eye.Ofthethree,face-to-faceistheleastforceful;eye-to-eyeismoreforcefulthanface-to-face,buteyeball-to-eyeballisthemostforceful.Asimilarphraseisnose-to-nose,butitimpliesonthevergeofconflict,e.g.thetwoboyswerenose-to-nosewhentheteacherarrivedandpreventedafight.memorybank:computerscanreceiveandstore,andsortoutatremendousamountofinformation.Theycanalsogiveforthinformationthathasbeenreceived,storedandsorted.Thestorageofinformationiscalledamemorybank.Thebringforthofthatinformationiscalledinformationretrieval.AlicethenjoinsateleviseddiscussiononByzantine:ThecomputerhasinformationstoredonByzantineart(seeNote12tothetext).Alicehasretrievedthisinformationfromthecomputer.Thecomputerteachesinthesamewayabookdoes.Nowshejoinsadiscussiongroupofpeopleindifferentlocationswhohearandseeeachotherthroughspecialtelevisionapparatus.Al(Laddy)Jr.:AlisusuallydiminutiveforAlbert,butinthiscaseitisforAladdin,whichcanalsobeshortenedtoLaddy.Jr.standsforjunior,whichmeansthesonhasthefirstnameashisfather.FatherwouldbeAlSr.(senior).Thisisonlydonewithmen’snames.Ifthenamecontinuesforthethirdgeneration,Romannumerals(I.II.III.etc.)areused.Thishappensmainlyamongupperclassfamilies,e.g.JohnRockefellerI,II,III.barringheadaches,tummyachesandheartaches:withtheexceptionof…Theauthorhereimpliesthatthesearetheonlyproblemsthecomputercan’tsetright.Llthankstothemiracle…timeconsumingtasks:Suchalifewillbepossiblebecauseoftheamazingcapabilitiesoftheveryinexpensivemicrocomputerswhichwillrelievehumansofatremendousvarietyofdrearyjobs.Superhasbecomeaverycommonprefix,meaningtoaverygreat,extraordinaryextent.Itcanrefertosize,amount,quality,degree,e.g.supermarket,superabundant,superman,supernatural.Theworditselfisanewslang,meaningideal,first-rate.Themicroelectronicrevolutionpromisesto…bytheutopians:Thebreakthroughinmicroelectronicswillchangepeople’slifeinwaysnoonehaseverthoughtofbefore.Herethewordpromisemeanstogiveabasis,causeforexpecting,e.g.1)Thedarkcloudspromiserain.2)Theautumncropspromisetobeagoodharvest.Utopians:zealousreformersofsocietybutnotatallpractical.Peoplewithavisionaryschemeforanideallyperfectsociety.Thesepeopleareoftenthoughtofasdreamers.Therefore,eventhosedreamersneverdreamedofsuchpossibilities.maybeinvestedwithinspiritingqualityofanOxfordtutorial:Publiceducationmaybefurnishedwithclose,individualattentiontostudentswhichtheOxfordtutorialsystemoffers.Usuallytoinvestmeanstoputmoneyintobusiness.Hereitmeanstofurnishwithpower,privilege,orauthority.Inthemicroelectronicvillage,thehomewillbeagainbe…beforetheIndustrialRevolution:BeforetheIndustrialRevolution,thehomewasthecenterofsociety,thecenterofproduction.Withthecomputer,societywillseemsmallerandclosertogether.Comment:ThehomewillnotbecomethecenterofproductionagainlikebeforetheIndustrialRevolution,butitwillbecomethecenterofmoresocialactivities.thedevice’subiquitouseye:figurative.Actuallyit’sasensor,i.e.adevicethatcanreceiveandrespondtosignalorstimulus,inthiscasepossiblyheat.Thusthedevicecantellwherepeopleareatalltimesasifithadeyeseverywhere.Paperclutterwilldisappear…thekitchenbulletinboard:Computerswillbeprogrammedtostoreandsortinformationhavingtodowiththemaintainingofthehousehold.Thiswilleliminatealotofpaperworkinvolvedinthiskindofjob.Whileitmaybeanumberofyearsbeforetheaveragehousewife…ever-growingnumberofsupermarkets:Anincreasingnumberofsupermarketshavethebasiccomputerequipmentwhichinanumberofyearscanbeadaptedtomakeshoppingwithoutleavinghomepossible.themass-producedhomogeneityoftheassemblyline:Theassemblylineisanefficientandusuallyquitehighlyautomatedmethodofproduction.Itcanproducelargequantitiesofexactlythesameitem.Homogeneitymeansuniforminstructureandcomposition.MiddleandupperclassAmericansstronglyreactagainstuniformity.Ideologyofindividualismemphasizesdifferencesamongpeople,notthecharacteristicstheyshareincommon.Thereforetheyaredispleasedbytheuniformresultsofassemblylinemassproduction.Uniformproductsareseenasdehumanizing,asrobbingpeopleoftheirhumanqualities,becauseeachpersonwantstobeseenasspecialordifferentfromeveryoneelse.theproductioncommandedanddirectedbycomputer:Theauthorimaginesacomputerprogrammedwithavastvarietyofclothingandshoestyleswhichcanbeputtogetherinanoriginaldesignbythecustomerasheorshepleases.Thenthecustomerpressesbuttonstoinstructthecomputerwhichcommandsanddirectsthemachinesthatmaketheproduct.Thecustomer-madeobject,nowrestrictedtotherich,willbewithineveryone’sreach:Sincecustom-madegoodsmustbeindividuallydesignedandproduced,theyrequiremuchmorelabourandtimethanassemblylineproductsandveryfewpeoplecannowaffordthem.Theauthorclaimseveryonewillbeabletoaffordtheminthefuturewhenthecomputerdirectstheirproduction.thecomputerhasbecomeahumanizingfactor…intimidatingdoctor:Thecomputermakeiteasierforthepatientstotalkmorefreelyandfranklyoftheirtroubles.Doctorsaretoooftenoverworkedanddonothavesufficienttimeforathroughcheckup.Becauseofthis,orapoorbedsidemanner,orbecausesomedoctorsspeakinatechnicallanguagemanypeopledon’tunderstand,orbecausetheirstatusissomuchhigherthanordinarypeople,theysometimesfrightenpatients.Thecomputer,however,cangetcompleteinformationonthepatient’ssymptoms,regimentandmedicalbackgroundComputertechnologymaymakethecar…antique:Theapplicationofcomputertechnologytotheautomobilemightmakethepresent-daycarsoout-of-datethatitwillbeputinamuseumasanexhibit.theultimateauto:theveryadvancedcarofthefuture.Tobeprecise,thewordultimateshouldnotbeusedforscientificortechnicaldevelopmentssinceitimpliesnofurtherprogressispossible.1978Cadillac:Cadillacisabrandname.Eachcompanymake3to4carswithbrandnames.SevilleisoneofthemodelsofCadillac,anexpensivecar.1978:theyearitwasmade.MostmodelsofAmericancarschangeevery2or3years;someeveryyear.Thereforetofullyidentifyacar,thenameofthecompany,brand,modelandtheyearitwasmademustbegiven.accommodateapencil-sizedportablephone:containatelephonethesizeofapencilthatcanbecarried(orpluggedintodeviceinacar)moreexampleswithaccommodate:Iwillaccommodatemyplanstoyours.(adjust)Thattablecanaccommodatemorethantendiners.(havespacefor)Thehotelbeingbuiltcanaccommodate800quests.(providelodgingfor)Thebankwillaccommodateuswithaloan.(helpbysupplying)32.Theyarerevivifyingsoporificstudents…beyondthekenofmostteachers:Thecomputersareinstillingnewenthusiasmintoboredstudentsbypromisingandprovidingintellectualstimulationinawaythatmostteachersdonotknowhowtodo TextBook《高級(jí)英語》由張漢熙主編,外語教學(xué)與研究出版社TitleUnit7TheAgeofMiracleChipsTeachingActivities(TextAnalysis2ChineseVersion)1.Itistiny：此處it指miraclechip。該詞一直到第二段才出現(xiàn)。這里，作者只介紹其性能和特點(diǎn)，而不直接點(diǎn)出其名稱，造成一種懸念，從而引起讀者的好奇心。2.Navahorug：一種由美國那伐鶴人(美國西南部的印第安人)編織的、上面飾有復(fù)雜幾何圖案的毯子。3.ItismademostlyOfsilicon，nexttooxygenthemostabundantelementonthesurfaceoftheearth：簡單句。Themostabundantelement為silicon的同位語，nexttooxygen可看作后置定語，修飾silicon。4．UnlikethehulkingCalibansof…andconvenient：簡單句。主語it指代前面提到的miraclechip。形容詞(短語)cheap，easytomassproduce，fast，versatileandconvenient作并列表語。Tomassproduce中的mass是名詞，作狀語。類似的說法還有，ThelatheisChinamade．這臺(tái)機(jī)床是中國制造的。Theseedingsaremachineplanted.這些秧苗是由機(jī)器插的。5.Caliban：凱列班，莎士比亞《暴風(fēng)雨》中一個(gè)半人半獸的怪物。這里用來喻指老式計(jì)算機(jī)。世界上第一臺(tái)電子計(jì)算機(jī)是1946年美國制造的，它有18000個(gè)電子管，重130噸，占有170立方米的空間。6.Themiraclechip…ofthesteamengine：復(fù)合句。注意that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾的是adevelopment，而不是mankind或technology。過去分詞短語associatedwith…orthediscoveryofthesteamengine作后置定語，修飾significance。句中的discovery一詞用在這里并非是最佳詞選，因?yàn)樵撛~含有“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，即“找到已經(jīng)存在之事物”的意思。如果換用development(開發(fā))或invention(發(fā)明)則更好。7.JustastheindustrialRevolution…sothemicrocomputerisrapidly…inwaysthatmanhasonlybeguntograsp：主從復(fù)合句。這里的as…so不作“因?yàn)椤浴苯猓鳌罢瘛粯?，也……”解。其連詞as和so用來連接兩個(gè)概念，指出程度上或關(guān)系上相似的地方。as引出的是方式狀語從句(為了加強(qiáng)語氣，還可以在as之前加just)，so引出的是主句(有時(shí)可以倒裝)。又如；AsthesunisthecentralbodyOfthesolarsystem，soisthenucleustothecoreoftheatom．正如太陽是太陽系的中心體一樣，原子核也是原子的中心。JustaswateristhemostimportantOfliquids，soairistheimportantofgases．正如水是最重要的液體一樣，空氣也是最重要的氣體。IndustrialRevolution：產(chǎn)業(yè)革命，指從農(nóng)業(yè)和手工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)變到以工業(yè)和機(jī)器制造業(yè)為主的經(jīng)濟(jì)的過程。這一過程是18世紀(jì)在美國開始的，又從美國傳播到世界其他各地。產(chǎn)業(yè)革命既涉及到工藝方面，又涉及到社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化方面的。它經(jīng)歷了兩個(gè)階段：1760—1830年期間的第一次產(chǎn)業(yè)革命，大體上僅發(fā)生在美國；20世紀(jì)期間，尤其在20世紀(jì)后半葉才顯示出重大的意義的第二次產(chǎn)業(yè)革命或新產(chǎn)業(yè)革命。8.Withthechip，amazingfeatsofmemory.．．fromouterspacetoababy'snursery：此處使用排比修辭手法,即用三個(gè)“from…to…”并列結(jié)構(gòu)作ineverything的同位結(jié)構(gòu)，把計(jì)算機(jī)在各個(gè)行業(yè)和領(lǐng)域的作用表達(dá)得清清楚楚。9.Living：PushbuttonPower：這是一個(gè)副標(biāo)題，意思是在未來的生活中，許多事情只要一按電鈕就辦成了。注意，在這一部分的頭兩個(gè)自然段中，作者為了表達(dá)生動(dòng)形象，全部用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)來表示將來的動(dòng)作。10.burr：擬聲詞，意為“發(fā)出嘎嘎聲(makeawhirringsound)”，。這是發(fā)“r”音時(shí)小舌顫動(dòng)發(fā)出的音，多為英格蘭北部和蘇格蘭的地方音。

11.aselectiverundown.．．1egislative，political，monetary：注意句中三個(gè)形容詞，即legislative，political和monetary，都修飾events。12.Aladdin：阿拉丁，《天方夜譚》中的一個(gè)青年，一個(gè)窮寡婦的兒子。他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一盞神燈和魔圈，并借助它們的神力發(fā)了大財(cái)，后來娶了哈里發(fā)(伊斯蘭教國家政教合一的領(lǐng)袖的尊號(hào))的女兒為妻。注意此處作者采用比擬修辭手法，把未來的人比作阿拉丁，將神奇的硅集成電路比作神奇的寶物。13.issuesastringofbusinessandpersonalmemos：這一部分的意思為“發(fā)出一系列有關(guān)生意和個(gè)人私事方面的備忘錄信息(givesforthaseriesOfmessage“bothapersonalandbusinessnature)。memo是單數(shù)memorandum的簡縮形式，其復(fù)數(shù)形式有兩種，即memoranda和memorandums。14.AliceA．：指艾麗斯·阿拉丁夫人。作者選用“艾麗斯”這個(gè)名字，也許是想讓讀者眼前浮現(xiàn)出《艾麗斯漫游奇境記》中的小姑娘艾麗斯的形象來。15.eyeball-to-eyeball：面對(duì)面的，針鋒相對(duì)的。用作復(fù)合形容詞，意同1ace-to-face和eye-to-eye。其中face-to-face語氣最輕，eye-to-eye比face-to-face語氣重，eyeball-to-eyeball的語氣最重。Nose-to-nose也是這個(gè)意思，不過它暗示出近于發(fā)生沖突的地步。16.Pressingacoupleofkeys.．.，startingat7：15p．m．：簡單句。現(xiàn)在分詞短語Pressing…onthekitchenterminal作時(shí)間狀語。主語she共有3個(gè)并列謂語，即orders…，tells…anddirects…。Startingat?；15p．m．作伴隨狀語，說明作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式短語toreach…，也就是說，其邏輯主語是theovens。17.Byzantineart：拜占廷藝術(shù)。指中世紀(jì)拜占廷帝國(以君士坦丁堡為中心)以及受其影響的諸地區(qū)的建筑、繪畫以及其他視覺藝術(shù)。具有拜占廷式藝術(shù)特征的繪畫與建筑風(fēng)格最早形成于6世紀(jì)，這種風(fēng)格直到1453年土耳其人攻占君士坦丁堡，帝國最終瓦解時(shí)為止。18.A1("Lady”)Jr：A1通常是Albert的昵稱。但此處是Aladdin的昵稱。Aladdin可簡寫為Laddy。Jr．是單詞junior的縮寫形式，常用在與父同名的兒子的姓名后，如JohnSmithJr．(小約翰·史密斯)。如果是連續(xù)三代同名，一般是在姓名后加上羅馬數(shù)字表示，如JohnRockefellerI(約翰·洛克菲勒一世)。19.Wellsianfantasy：威爾士式的科學(xué)幻想。英國科幻小說作家H．G·威爾士(1866—1946)寫了大量的科幻小說，小說中提出的許多幻想(如他的科幻小說《第一批登上月球的人》所提出的幻想等)，后來都成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。Wellsian是Wells的形容詞，是作者杜撰的一個(gè)詞。這個(gè)問句實(shí)際上是一個(gè)省略疑問句，也可稱片斷疑問句。完整的形式應(yīng)該是：IsallthisaWellsianfantasy?20.Allthankstothemiracle.．.time-consumingtasks：這個(gè)句子可看作是Allisthanksto…，即省去了連系動(dòng)詞is。Thesupercheapchip…是前面themicrocomputer的同位語。that從句為主語從句，修飾其前的thesupercheapchip。supercheap是一個(gè)杜撰詞。super是一個(gè)普通的前綴，意思是“超越的”，“巨大的”，可指范圍、數(shù)量、質(zhì)量、程度(如supermarket，superabundant，superman，superpower等)。此處的super本身是一個(gè)新的俚語詞，意思是“理想的”、“第一流的”。21.Massproductionofthemiraclechip.．.andpriceswillcontinuetofall：注意，句中的possible是賓語補(bǔ)足語。由于賓語homecomputersystems后跟有一個(gè)較長的定語從句，為避免頭重足輕，故將其補(bǔ)足語前置。22.Energycostswillbe…where“isnot：多重復(fù)合句。Energycostswillbecutbyacomputerizeddevice為主句，thatwilldirect…為定語從句，修飾其前的device；這個(gè)定語從句有兩個(gè)并列謂語，即willdirect…和turnitdown…，兩個(gè)并列成分各自帶有一個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語從句，即whereitisneeded和whereitisnot(needed)。23.While“maybeanumberOfyears.．.ofsupermarkets:根據(jù)這一段的邏輯意義來看，連詞while在這里引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語從句，與although同義，作“雖然”、“盡管”解。while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句只能位于句首。又如：Whileyouarenottheonlypersontoblame，youareprincipallyresponsibleforit.你雖不是唯一承擔(dān)過失的人，卻是負(fù)主要責(zé)任的人。24.InnoareaofAmericanlifeispersonalservicesopreciousasinmedicalcare：此句語序倒裝以示強(qiáng)調(diào)。其正常的語序應(yīng)是：PersonalserviceinanyotherareaofAmericanlifeisnotsopreciousasinmedicalcare．25.thecomputerhasbecomeahumanizingfactorthan…toaharassedandpossiblyintimidatingdoctor：該句謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，是為了表朋所敘之事已經(jīng)發(fā)生，雖然目前還限于小范圍內(nèi)，處于試驗(yàn)階段。

26.Smithsonian(Institution)：由美國科學(xué)家卜史密森捐款創(chuàng)建的研究機(jī)構(gòu)，按照美國國會(huì)法令于1846年在首都華盛頓建立。設(shè)有董事會(huì)，由美國副總統(tǒng)、最高法院院長、3名參議員、3名眾議員和6名非官方人士組成。史密森學(xué)會(huì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)美國藝術(shù)檔案館、庫珀-休伊特裝飾藝術(shù)和設(shè)計(jì)博物館、國家航空航天博物館、國立歷史和技術(shù)博物館等近20個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)。27.FordMotorCo．：福特汽車公司，美國第二大汽車制造業(yè)公司，1903年6月由H·福特(1863—1947)和11位同業(yè)投資人所創(chuàng)辦。19)9年7月公司改組，福特及其妻、兒獲得公司的全部股權(quán)。直到1956年1月公司的普通股票公開在市場出售以前，福特家族和福特基金會(huì)(1936年成立)是公司僅有的股東?，F(xiàn)在公司的業(yè)務(wù)為制造、裝配、銷售轎車(福特、水星、林肯、大陸等牌)、卡車、拖拉機(jī)及有關(guān)的零件和附件；它還研制、生產(chǎn)消費(fèi)用(飛歌牌)和航天工業(yè)用(包括通訊衛(wèi)星和氣象衛(wèi)星)的電子產(chǎn)品和器具。28.ContinentMarkV：大陸牌V型轎車，屬福特汽車公司生產(chǎn)的一種豪華型轎車，其價(jià)格大約為普通轎車的四倍。29.GeneralMotors(Corporation):通用汽車公司，美國最大的汽車制造公司，也為世界銷售量最大的工業(yè)公司(除石油生產(chǎn)商以外)。1908年合并幾家汽車公司成立?，F(xiàn)在美國、加拿大和其他許多國家從事汽車的裝配、制造和銷售業(yè)務(wù)。產(chǎn)品有轎車、卡車、汽車部件、機(jī)車、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、礦業(yè)和建筑業(yè)機(jī)械、國防和航空航天器材、商用和家用器械等。30.1978CadillacSeville：Cadillac是商標(biāo)名，即汽車牌名。每一個(gè)公司制有3到4種不同牌名的轎車。Seville是Cadillac的一種型號(hào)，一種很貴重的轎車。每一種牌多不止一種型號(hào)，有的有幾種型號(hào)。1978是轎車制造(或出廠)的年份。大多數(shù)美國轎車的型號(hào)每

兩年或三年更換一次，有的是每年換一次。因此，在辨認(rèn)一輛小轎車時(shí)，要注意它的公司名、牌名、型號(hào)和制造年份。31.M．I．T．：是MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(麻省理工學(xué)院)的縮略詞。它是一所私立的男女合校的高等學(xué)府，以其科學(xué)訓(xùn)練和研究聞名。1861年獲得馬薩諸塞州頒發(fā)的辦學(xué)許可證。盡管該學(xué)院也開設(shè)文科和人文科學(xué)課程，但它最強(qiáng)調(diào)的仍然是工程、社會(huì)科學(xué)、自然科學(xué)和管理學(xué)的基本研究。32．hassled：意為“令人討厭的”，“搗亂的”(bothered，troubled)，是一個(gè)非正式用詞，現(xiàn)在被廣泛地使用，尤其是在青少年中間。附頁TextBook《高級(jí)英語》由張漢熙主編,外語教學(xué)與研究出版社TitleUnit7TheAgeofMiracleChipsTeachingActivities(Practice)ParaphrasingsomedifficultsentencesThemicroelectronicrevolutionpromisestoease,enhanceandsimplifylifeinmanywasundreamedofevenbytheutopians.Thecustom-madeobject,nowrestrictedtotherich,willbewithineveryone’sreach.……TranslatingsomesentencesandparagraphsEx.IIIthethreeprefixesthatarefrequentlyusedMicro-,mini-,andsuperReviewingsomeoftheimportantexpressionsusedinthetextPerform,tobecapableof,capability,rundown,tomass-produce,tobewithinthereach,toestimate,toaffect,tube,tobeconvenientOralworkISthecomputerahumanizingordehumanizingfactor?Theauthortriestomakehissciencewritinginterestingandpopular.Whataresomeofthemethodsheemploystoachievethis?附頁TextBook《高級(jí)英語》由張漢熙主編,外語教學(xué)與研究出版社TitleUnit7TheAgeofMiracleChipsTranslation神奇的集成電路片時(shí)代(節(jié)選)新生的微型技術(shù)將使社會(huì)發(fā)生巨變這是一個(gè)極小的薄片，只有大約四分之一英寸見方。在顯微鏡下看起來，它就像一幅繁花似錦的那伐鶴地毯，或是一幅鐵路調(diào)車場的鳥瞰圖。像海灘上的沙粒一樣，它的主要成分是硅——地球表面除氧之外蘊(yùn)含量最為豐富的元素。然而，這種惰性小薄片——大多數(shù)美國人尚不熟悉——卻具有驚人的本領(lǐng)，正在使我們的社會(huì)發(fā)生著巨變。這種被稱為神奇的集成電路片的東西有著與二十五年前制造出的足有一間房子大的老式計(jì)算機(jī)相同的計(jì)算能力。那種老式計(jì)算機(jī)內(nèi)有許許多多的真空電子管和亂麻似的導(dǎo)線，又大又笨，形似怪物。集成電路片是由老式計(jì)算機(jī)衍化而來的，所不同的是它造價(jià)低廉，易于批量生產(chǎn)，計(jì)算速度快，功能繁多，使用方便。神奇的集成電路片代表了人類科技的新發(fā)展。近幾年來，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展勢頭之迅猛和意義之深遠(yuǎn)足可與人類歷史上生產(chǎn)工具的出現(xiàn)和蒸汽機(jī)的發(fā)明相提并論。正如工業(yè)革命替人類承擔(dān)了大量繁重的體力勞動(dòng)，并極大地發(fā)展了生產(chǎn)力一樣，微型計(jì)算機(jī)正迅速地替人類承擔(dān)起大量繁重的腦力勞動(dòng)，并以人們現(xiàn)在才開始掌握的各種方式擴(kuò)大了人腦的功能。有了集成電路片，計(jì)算機(jī)存儲(chǔ)信息和執(zhí)行指令的驚人本領(lǐng)就在以汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)到大學(xué)和醫(yī)院，從農(nóng)場到銀行和公司辦公室，從外層空間到托兒所等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮作用。日常生活：按鈕的神通早晨七點(diǎn)半鐘，鬧鐘鈴聲——響，臥室的窗簾輕輕地自動(dòng)往兩邊分開，百葉遮陽簾啪地一聲向上卷起，恒溫器將室溫上調(diào)到令人愜意的華氏七十度。廚房里的咖啡壺開始咕咕作響；后門自動(dòng)打開放狗子出去。電視機(jī)熒光屏閃亮，開始播放當(dāng)天的第一套新聞節(jié)目，這是(頭天晚上預(yù)設(shè)好的)選擇性新聞提要，內(nèi)容包括世界上最近發(fā)生的一切對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)有影響的，涉及立法、政治以及金融方面的重大事件。新聞播完后，屏幕上便接著顯示出早晨收到的信函，來函者都是通過將信息輸入計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)而將信函傳遞過來的。此時(shí)仍舒舒服服躺在床上的那位現(xiàn)代阿拉丁緊接著便按下床頭柜上的一個(gè)按鈕，發(fā)出一連串公私事務(wù)上的備忘錄信息，這些信息立刻便出現(xiàn)在那魔幻似的屏幕上。浴室里淋浴器準(zhǔn)時(shí)地自動(dòng)打開，水溫也調(diào)控得恰到好處。阿先生洗完淋浴后，即得到一陣蜂鳴器的響聲和熒光屏上一道藍(lán)光的提示。他的上司——公司總經(jīng)理已經(jīng)