2021年北京市首都師范大學附屬麗澤中學高三英語下學期期末試卷及答案

2021年北京市首都師范大學附屬麗澤中學高三英語下學期期末試卷及第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項AFourTrulyUniqueCanadianCampingExperiencesMountRobsonProvincialPark,BritishColumbiaNamedafterthehighestmountainintheCanadianRockies,thisparkgivesyoubreathtakingviewsofmountainlandscapesalongwithlakes,waterfalls,canyons,andcaves.TheBergLakecampgroundislocatedrightIfyou'vegrowntirMakesureyouvisittheBayofFundywheretheworld'shighesttidesmakeforsomegreatsurfing.Youalsocan'tmisstheamazingAcadianforestwaterfall.Ifyou'relookingforevenmoreentertainment,theparkalsohostsmusicandculturalfestivalseachsummerandhasitsowngolfcourse.KluaneNationalParkandReserveYukonFromMaytoSeptember,theKathleenLakecampgroundseesvisitorscomefromfarandwidetocamp,hikeandfish.MountaineeringisespeciallypopularasKluaneishometo17ofCanada's20highestpeaks.Flioverthepark'sglaciersandrafting(漂流)thewindingAlsekRiverwillalsokeepyououtenjoyingthewilderness.Ifyou'relookingforafamily-friendlypark,thisoneiswonderful.Betweenthesevenbeachesandmorethan50kilometersofhikingandcyclingtrails,you'llcertainlybekeptbusy.Literaturelovers,youcanseewhatinspiredL.M.Montgomery'sAnneofGreenGablesatthenearbyGreenGablesHeritagePlaceandevenexploretheoriginal1.Whereistheparkofferingyurtrentalslocated?A.InBritishColumbia.2.WhatcanyoudoinKluaneNationalParkandReserve?A.ClimbthehighestmountaininCanada.B.Experiencethehighesttides.C.RaftthewindingAlsekRiver.D.Attendmusicandculturalfestivals.3.WhichwillyouchooseifyouareafanofAnneofGreenGables?A.MountRobsonProvincialPark.B.FundyNationalPark.C.KluaneNationalParkandReserve.D.PrinceEdwardIslandNationalPark.BEverwonderedifdogscanlearnnewwords?Yes,sayresearchersastheyhavefoundthattalenteddogsmayhavetheabilitytograspnewwordsafterhearingthemonlyfourtimes.Whilepreviousevidenceseemstoshowthatmostdogsdonotlearnwords,unlesseventuallyverywelltrained,afewindividualshaveshownsomeextraordinaryabilities,accordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalScientific“Wewantedtoknowunderwhichconditionsthegifteddogsmaylearnnovelwords”saidresearcherxuekwClaudiaFugazzafromtheE?tv?sLorándUniversityinHungary.Forthestudy,theteaminvolvedtwogifteddogs,WhiskyandVickyNina.Theteamexposedthedogstothenewwordsintwodifferentconditions.Intheexclusion-basedtask,presentedwithsevenknowntoysandonenewtoy,thedogswereabletoselectthenewtoywhenpresentedwithanewname.Researcherssaythisprovesthatdogscanchoosebyexclusionwhenfacedwithanewword,theyselectedtheonlytoywhichdidnothaveaknownname.However,thiswasnotthewaytheywouldlearnthenameofthetoy.Infact,whentheywerepresentedwithonemoreequallynewnametotesttheirabilitytorecognizethetoybyitsname,thedogsgottotallyconfusedandfailed.Theothercondition,thesocialone,wherethedogsplayedwiththeirownerswhopronouncedthenameofthetoywhileplayingwiththedog,provedtobethesuccessfulwaytolearnthenameofthetoy,evenafterhearingitonly4times.“Therapidlearningthatweobservedseemstoequalchildren’sabilitytolearnmanynewwordsatafastratearoundtheageof18months,”Fugazzasays.“Butwedonotknowwhetherthelearningmechanisms(機制)behindthislearningarethesameforhumansanddogs.”Totestwhethermostdogswouldlearnwordsthisway,20otherdogsweretestedinthesamecondition,butnoneofthemshowedanyevidenceoflearningthetoynames,confirmingthattheabilitytolearnwordsrapidlyintheabsenceofformaltrainingisveryrareandisonlypresentinafewgifteddogs.4.WhatwasthepurposeofthestudypublishedinScientificReports?A.Tobettertraindogs’abilitytolearnnewwords.B.Tofurtherconfirmpreviousevidenceaboutdogs.C.Toproveextraordinarymemoryabilitiesofgifteddogs.D.Toexplorefavorableconditionsforgifteddog5.Howdidthedogsreactwhenexposedtotwonewnamesinthefirstcondition?6.Whatwasfoundaboutdogs’new-wordlearninginthesocialcondition?A.Learningthroughplayingappliedtomostdogs.B.Thesocialconditionhelpeddogslearnnewwords.CDogs’new-wordlearningturnedouttobelesseffective.D.Dogssharedsimilarlearningmechanismswithchildren.7.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.GiftedDogsCanLearnNewWordsRapidly.C.DogsCanAcquireVocabularythroughTonsofTraining.D.GiftedDogsHaveSimilarLearningAbilitiestoHumans.CTheworld'slargesticebergisfloatingtowardSouthGeorgiainthesouthernAtlanticOcean.Scientistsfeartheicebergcouldcrashintotheislandandblockmajorfeedingareasforalargepopulationofpenguinsandseals.Iftheiceberghitstheisland,itcouldpreventthepenguinsandsealsfromreachingfoodsupplies.ThehugeicebergisnamedA68a.ItbrokeawayfromAntarctica'sLarsenCIceShelfin2017.Satelliteimagesshowtheiceberghasremainedinonepiece.Itisestwide.ItistravelingatonekilometerperhourandiThisisthetimeofyearwhensealsandpenguinsspendalotoftimecaringfortheiryoung.Thedistancethatparentshavetotraveltofindfoodiscrucial.Thatmeanstheyhavetogoalotfurtherorgoaroundtheicebergtofindsourcesoffood.Ecologistssayanicebergcrashwouldalsodisturbmaterialssettledontheseabed,possiblypollutingthesurroundingseas.Astheicebergmelts,itwouldalsoreleaselargeamountsoffreshwaterintotheocean.Thiscouldaffectkrill（磷蝦）populationsthatareamajorsourceoffoodfortheisland'swilremainforupto10yearsandchangethearea'swholeecosystem.Thesearegloballysignificantpopulationsofthesespecies.Ifthesespeciesfailinthisparticulararea,thenthenumbersgloballyaregoingtogodownquitedramatically.ProfessorGeraintTarling,anecologistattheBritishAntarcticSurvey,said,"ThebreakingoffoficebergsfromAntarcticaisanaturalprocess.Buttheprocessischangingwithclimatechange.Whatwe'reseeingwithmodelsandsomeobservationsnowisthatthisishappeningatanincreamoreofausualthinginthefuture."8.Whyarethescientistsworriedaboutthecomingicebergcrash?A.Itwillbringextremelycoldweather.B.Itwilldestroythefeedingareasoftheanimals.C.ItwillputwildlifeonthD.Itwillpreventanimalsfrommovingtootherplaces.9.Whatisparagraph2mainlyA.Thecharacteristicoftheiceberg.B.Theimportanceoftheiceberg.C.Thetravelingspeedoftheiceberg.D.Theformingprocessoftheiceberg.10.Whatdamagecananicebergcrashbringaccordingtoparagraph4?A.Usingupmuchfreshwater.B.Pollutingthesurroundingfarms.C.Changingtheworld'secosystem.D.Affectingthenumberofcertainspecies.11.HowdoesTarlingthinkofthebreakingoffoficebergsfromAntarctica?A.ItmayslowdowninthC.IthasagreatinfluenceonthecD.IthelpsscientistDThisisScientificAmerica's60-SecondScience.IamChristopherIntagliata.TheApollomissionsbroughtback842poundsofrockandsoilfromthemoon,that'snearly2200differentsamples.Butthemostinterestingone,accordingtoascientistMeenakshiWadhwa,isasamplenamed"Apollo1-0-0-8-5collectedbyNeilArmstrongonApollo11.“Hewasabouttostepbackintothelunarmodule(登月艙)whenheturnedaroundandsawtherewerelittlespacesintherockbox.Heknewthatgeologistsonearthwouldbejustsoexcitedtostudythesematerials,sohejustscoopedupninescoops(勺)ofsoilandputitintothebox."Wadhwaexplained.ItwasoneofthemostwellstudiedsamplesoftheApollomissions.AndageologistnamedJohnWoodnoticedwhiteflecks(微粒)ofrockinthesoil,whichinspiredhimtodigdeeperintothemoon'sancientpast.“Thiswasquitealeapofimagination—heproposedthatthewholeofthemoonhadbeenalmostcoveredwithamagma(巖漿)oceannearly4.5billionyearsago.Thiswasarevolutionaryideaatthetime,becausepeoplehadthoughtthemoonhadformedcold,soitcompletelychangedourideahowthemoonformed.”ButWadhwahasamorepersonalreasontoappreciatethissample.ShemetherhusbandScottParazynskialsobecauseofthisrocksample.Scott,amountaineeratthattime,wantedtoclimbMountEverestwithamoonrockwhileWadhwawasthechairmanoftheNASAcommitteethatgivesaccesstothesamplesforscientificpurposes.NeilArmstrong'slast-minutescoopofmoondustbroughttwopeopletogetherhereonEarthandupturnedThankyouforlisteningforScientificAmerican's60-SecondScience.12.ItcanbelearnedfroA.NeilArmstrongwasexcitedtofindthesoilB.thespaceshipwasabouttolandonthemoonC.Sample"Apollo1-008-5"wascollectedatthelastminuteD.scientistswerenotsatisfiedwiththesamplesbroughtbackbyNeil13.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.Scottmadeanewproposalaboutthemoon'sorigin.B.TheApollomissionsbroughtback842rocksamples.C."Apollo1-0-0-8-5"broughtnewevidencetothemoon'sformation.D.WadhwaandherhusbandclimbedMountEverestwithamoonrock.A.Ashortinterview.B.Anintroductiontoascientist.C.Aninspiringspeech.D.Abroadcaststoryofaprogram.15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.AromanticstoryofamoonC.AnunusualtaskforApollomissions.D.Anunexpecteddiscoveryinmoonexploration.閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項Meetingnewpeopleandmakingfriendscanbedifficult,butwithaoutsideofyourcomfortzone,youcaneasilymakefriends. 16.Ifyouwanttomakefriends,youfirstneedtoputyourselfouttheresomehowinordertomeetpeople.Ifyoujustsitalone,friendsmightcometoyou,butthat’snotlikely.Forexample,ifyou'restillinschool,sitsomewherewithotherpeople.17,buttrytochooseonewithatleast2otherpeople.Pursuecommoninterests.Ifyou'vediscoveredthatthepersonyou'retalkingtosharesacommoninterestwithyou,askthemmoreaboutitand,ifappropriate,whethertheygettogetherwithotherstopursuethisinterest.Ifso,thisisaperfectopportunitytoaskaboutjoiningthem.18,they'llprobablyinviteyou.Bereliable.Whenyousayyou'lldosomething,doit.19.Ifyoushotreatmentofothers,itwillattractotherswhoappreciatereliabilityandwhowillbereliableinreturn.Keepintouchwithyourfriends.Peopleoftenlosecontactwiththeirfriendsbecausethey'reeithertoobusyorjustdon'tvaluetheirfriendsenough.20,thefriendshipmayendup.Andwhenyoudotrytocontactthemagain,itcanbehardtorestorethefriendship.A.MakeyourselfavailableB.ChooseyourfriendswiselyC.IfyouclearlyexpressinterestE.WhenyouloseyourconnectionwithafriendF.ThisgivesthepersontheopportunitytocontactyouG.Besomeonethatpeopleknowthattheycancounton第二部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項Anthonywasrunningtothefieldtoplaybaseballwithhisfriends,He21亂的)hair.Hisshirtwasnottuckedintohistrousersandtherewasevenaholeinhisschoolbag.AnthonySuddenlysomeoneranpasttheboy,pushinghimjust25theboyandlaughed.Anthonyhimselfstoodbytowatchwitha（n）26offascinationandamusementastheboyputonhisthinthattheheavyschoolbagseemedtothrowhimoff29.Havingtriedseveraltimes,hefinallystoodup.ItwasthenthatAnthony30thattheboywaslimping(跛行).Hewasholdingsomethingblackinhis31.Ithantheother.Anthonywalkedtowardstheboyand32himtoremovehisleftshoe.Anthony33tintotheshoefortheboyandthenwalkedaway.HowhewishAnthonyrantothetoiletandtearswelledupinhiseyes.Helookeddowand35theadditionalsoleglued(粘住)totheshoe36itknewabouthisphysical“Thisisit!Iamnotgoingto38myselfanymore!"declaredAnthony.Hetwentout,readytofacetheworld.Hewas40toaccepthissituation."MyfriendsneedtoknowaboutmysituationandacceptmeforwhoIam.”21.A.noticedB.refused22.A.depressedB.disgustedC.delightedD.devoted23.A.untidyB.unlucky24.A.smoothlyB.differentlyC.roughly25.A.calledonB.too26.A.chance27.A.merelyB.hardly29.A.groundB.balance30.A.decidedB32.A.allowedB.forcedC.gesturedD.ordered33.A.changedB.acceptedC.admittedD.slipped34.A.beliefB.kindness35.A.testedB.threwC.checkedD.c閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）51.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共10處語言錯誤，每句最多有兩處。每處錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加:在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改:在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意:1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；ThewinterholidayIamlookingforwardtoisdrawingnear.Itimetomakegooduse.Withsomanythingstodo,Ihadalreadymadeaplan.Firstofall,Iwillgotovisitmygrandparents.Itwasthemwhobroughtmeup.Nothavingseenthemfornearsixmonths,Imissedthemvemuch.WhenIcomeback,I’lldevotemytimetogooverthenotes,whatisofgreathelptomystudy.Throughamonth’shardwork,andI'msuretomakegreatprogresses.Howsatisfyingtheresultwillbe!第二節(jié)書面表達（滿分25分）52.閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個完整的故事。MichellewaseightyearsoldwhensheheardherMomandDadtalkingaboutherlittlebrother,Jacaninfant(嬰兒).Hewasverysickandtheywerecompletelyoutofmoney.OnlyaverycostlyoperationcouldsaveJackthebabynowbuttherewasnoonetowhomtheycouldturnforthemoneyneeded.SheheardDaddysaytohertearfulMom,“Onlyamiraclecansavehimnow.”Atthewords,Michellewenttoherbedroomandtookoutallthecoinsfromherlittlemonecountingthecoinsthreetimes,sheslippedoutthebackdoorandmadeherwayto