英語(yǔ)中得獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

英語(yǔ)中得獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)就是由一個(gè)相當(dāng)于主語(yǔ)得名詞或代詞加上非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成得一種獨(dú)立主格成分。With(without)得復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可瞧作就是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)得一種形式。一、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)得特點(diǎn)1)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)得邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子得主語(yǔ)不同,它獨(dú)立存在。2)名詞或代詞與后面得分詞,形容詞,副詞,不定式,介詞等就是主謂關(guān)系。3)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)與主句分開。Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday、=Whenthetestwasfinished,webeganourholiday、4)當(dāng)表示人體部位得詞做邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí),及物動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在分詞,不及物動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去分詞二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)得構(gòu)成:名詞普通格或代詞主格+現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/不定式/名詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)。1.名詞(或代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞表示前面得名詞或代詞主動(dòng)進(jìn)行得動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。Heseatinghimselfatthedesk,hismotherbegantotellhimastory、Everyonebeingready,theteacherbeganhisclass、Thefoodbeingcooked,theboywaswatchingTV、注意:現(xiàn)在分詞being或havingbeen在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中可以省略。Theweather(being)fine,wedecidedtogoonanouting、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中得being在下列兩種情況下一般不能省略,一就是在“Therebeing+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,Therebeingnobus,wehadtowalkhome、二就是在邏輯主語(yǔ)就是代詞得情況下。ItbeingSunday,alltheofficesareclosed、2.名詞(或代詞)+不定式(短語(yǔ))不定式表示將來(lái)得動(dòng)作。Hesuggestedgoingforapicnic,Marytoprovidethefood、Manyflowersandgrasstobeplanted,ournewly-builtschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful、3.名詞(或代詞)+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞表示前面得名詞或代詞被動(dòng)完成得動(dòng)作。Thegirlslayonherback,herhandscrossedunderherhead、Theworkersworkedstillharder,theirlivingconditionsgreatlyimproved、Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,hiseyesfixedontheblackboard、4.名詞(或代詞)+形容詞(短語(yǔ))形容詞(短語(yǔ))在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中說(shuō)明前面名詞或代詞得性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)Thefloorwet,wehadtostayoutsideforawhile、Heturnedtome,hiseyessleepy、5.名詞(或代詞)+副詞副詞在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中也多就是說(shuō)明名詞或代詞得狀態(tài)。Themeetingover,weallwenthome、Schoolover,weallwenthome、6.名詞(或代詞)+介詞短語(yǔ)Arobberburstintotheroom,knifeinhand、Helefttheoffice,tearsineyes、注意:在“邏輯主語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成得獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)里,當(dāng)介詞就是in時(shí),其前后得兩個(gè)名詞均不加任何修飾成分。但with得復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不受此限制。例如:Theteachercamein,withabookinhishand、三、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)得作用:多用作狀語(yǔ)1、表示時(shí)間Hishomeworkdone(=Afterhishomeworkwasdone),Marydecidedtogoshopping、2、表示原因Therebeingnobuses(=Becausetherewerenobuses),wehadtowalkhome、3、表示條件Weatherpermitting(=Ifweatherpermits),we’llgotoplaybasketball、4、表示方式或伴隨Hesatatthetable,headdown、動(dòng)詞不定式表示動(dòng)作沒(méi)有發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生,動(dòng)詞-ed形式表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束,動(dòng)詞-ing形式往往表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。Themanagerlooksworried,manythingstobesettled、Themanagerlooksrelaxed,manythingssettled、Themanlaythere,hishandstrembling、四、With(without)得復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)得構(gòu)成以及句法功能(一)、with/without+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)得幾種情況:1、with+名詞/代詞+形容詞Hedoesn’tliketosleepwiththewindowsopen、=Hedoesn’tliketosleepwhenthewindowsareopen、注意:在“with+名詞/代詞+形容詞”構(gòu)成得獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中,也可用已形容詞化得-ing形式或-ed形式。Withhissonsodisappointing,theoldmanfeltunhappy、Withhisfatherwell-known,theboydidn’twanttostudy、2、with+名詞/代詞+副詞Theboywaswalking,withhisfatherahead、=Theboywaswalkingandhisfatherwasahead、3、with+名詞/代詞+介詞短語(yǔ)Hestoodatthedoor,withaputerinhishand、=Hestoodatthedoor,andaputerwasinhishand、4、with+名詞/代詞+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞Withhishomeworkdone,Peterwentouttoplay、=Whenhishomeworkwasdone,Peterwentouttoplay、5、with+名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞Thegirlhidherboxwithoutanyoneknowingwhereitwas、=Thegirlhidherboxandnooneknewwhereitwas、Withoutanyonenoticing,heslippedthroughthewindow、=Whennoonewasnoticing,heslippedthroughthewindow、6、with+名詞/代詞+動(dòng)詞不定式Thelittleboylookssad,withsomuchhomeworktodo、=Thelittleboylookssadbecausehehassomuchhomeworktodo、(二)、With(without)得復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)得句法功能:定語(yǔ)與狀語(yǔ)1、Thereisamagazinewithamoderngirlonitscover、(定語(yǔ))2、Hestoodintherain,withhisclotheswet、=Hestoodintherain,andhisclotheswerewet、(伴隨狀語(yǔ))3Thekidfeelsexcitedwithsomanyplacesofinteresttovisit、=Thekidfeelsexcitedastherearesomanyplacesofinteresttovisit、(原因狀語(yǔ))4.Withthesignalgiven,thetrainstarted、=Afterthesignalwasgiven,thetrainstarted、(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))五、選擇題1、Everything___intoconsideration,theyoughttohaveanotherchance、A、totakeB、takenC、tobetakenD、taking2、Anexpert___tohelpthemtomorrow,theyaresuretoworkouttheproblem、A、willeB,ingC、toeD、havinge3、Themeeting___over,hewenttopickuphissondirectlyA、tobeB、isC、wasD、being4、---Theysatstillintheroom,___、---Whydidtheydolikethat?A、drawingthecurtainsB、withthecurtainsdrawnC、withthecurtainsdrawingD、havingthecurtainsdrawn5、Thesun___,theycontinuedtheirway、A、hasrisenB、havingrisenC、hasraisedD、havingraised6、Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecent___attheendoflastMarch、A、hasbeenlaunchedB、havingbeenlaunchedC、beinglaunchedD、tobelaunched7、Herearetwovolumes,thethirdone____nextmonth、A、esoutB、cameoutC、ingoutD、toeout8、Withhisson___,theoldmanfeltunhappy、A、todisappointB、tobedisappointingC、disappointingD、beingdisappointed9.---eon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject、---Sorry、Withsomuchwork___mymind,Ialmostbreakdown、A、filledB、fillingC、tofillD、beingfilled10.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork___,hegladlyacceptedit、A、finishedB、finishingC、havingfinishedD、wasfinished11、__,Ihadtoaskfortwodays’leave、A、MotherbeingillB、MotherillC、AsmotherwasillD、A,BandC12、Withsomanybooks???___,Icouldn’tgotosurftheInternet、A、toreadB、tobereadC、readingD、read13、Thethiefstoodbeforethepoliceman____admittingwhathehaddone、A、withhisdroppingheadB、droppinghisheadC、raisinghisheadD、withhisheaddown14、Winter___,itistimetobuywarmclothes、A、haseonB、isingonC、ingonD、eson15、Theoldmanlayonhisbackatthecornerofthestreet,hiseyes___andhishands___、A、close,trembleB、closed,tremblingC、closing,tremblingD、closed,trembled16、Withnothing__toburn,thefirebecameweakandfinallydiedout、A、leavingB、leaveC、leftD、toleave17、Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdied___hisworksunfinished、A、forB、withC、ofD、from18、Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwiththatnoise___on、A、togoB、wentC、goingD、goes19、___twoexamstoworryabout,Ihavetoworkreallyhardthisweekend、A、BecauseofB、WithC、AsforD、Besides20、Tomcamehome,___、A、adogfollowinghimB、adogfollowedhimC、beingfollowedhimD、adogwasfollowedhim獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)——練習(xí)【現(xiàn)學(xué)現(xiàn)用】11、Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest_________inayear、A、follows B、followed C、tofollow D、beingfollowed2、Allthings_________,IthinkweoughttogivethejobtoGeorge、A、considered

B、considering C、toconsider D、beingconsidered3、Theriver_________inthenight,thecrossingwasimpossible、A、torise B、rose C、havingrisen D、beingrisen4、Moretime_________,weshouldhavedonethejobmuchbetter、A、togive B、give C、beinggiven D、given5、Weshallplaythematchtomorrow,weather_________、A、permits B、permitting C、topermit D、permitted6、Themonitor_________ill,we’dbetterputthemeetingoff、A、being B、tobe C、been D、tohavebeen7、Animportantlecture_________giventomorrow,theprofessorhastostayuplateintothenight、A、tobe B、being C、been D、tohavebeen8、Hewaslyingonthegrass,hishands_________underhishead、A、tocross B、crossed C、crossing D、tobecrossing9、Tom_________lateoverandover,hisbosswasverydisappointed、A、havingbeen

B、been C、tobe D、tobeing10、Otherthings_________equal,Iwouldbuytheblackdressnotthewhiteone、A、being B、tobe C、been D、havingbeen【現(xiàn)學(xué)現(xiàn)用】21、Anewtechnique_______,theyieldsasawholeincreasedby20percent、A)workingoutB)havingworkedoutC)havingbeenworkedoutD)tohavebeenworkedout2、Allthings_______,theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff、A)consideredB)beconsideredC)consideringD)havingconsidered3、Allflights_______becauseofthesnowstorm,manypassengerscoulddonothingbuttakethetrain、A)hadbeencanceledB)havebeencanceledC)werecanceledD)havingbeencanceled4、Somanydirectors_______,theboardmeetinghadtobeputoff、A)wereabsentB)beenabsentC)hadbeenabsentD)beingabsent5、Allthetasks_______aheadoftime,theydecidedtogoonholidayforaweek、A)beenfulfilledB)havingbeenfulfilledC)werefulfilledD)hadbeenfulfilled6、Allflights_____becauseoftheterribleweather,theyhadtogotherebytrain、A)havingbeencanceledC)havingcanceledB)hadbeencanceledD)werecanceled7、Thespeech_______,alivelydiscussionstarted、A)beingdeliveredB)wasdeliveredC)bedeliveredD)havingbeendelivered8、Silveristhebestconductorofelectricity,copper_______itclosely、A)followedB)followingC)tofollowD)beingfollowing9、_______,amanwhoexpresseshimselfeffectivelyissuretosucceedmorerapidlythanamanwhosemandoflanguageispoor、A)OtherthingsbeingequalC)TobeequaltootherthingsB)WereotherthingsequalD)Otherthingstobeequal10、Thesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse,withtheaudience_______onbenches,chairsorboxes、A)havingseatedB)seatingC)seatedD)havingbeenseated11、______thetemperaturefallingsorapidly,wecouldn'tgoonwiththeexperiment、A)SinceB)ForC)AsD)With12、______intheUnitedStates,St、Louishasnowbeethe24thlargestcity、A)beingthefourthbiggestcityB)ItwasoncethefourthbiggestcityC)OncethefourthbiggestcityD)Thefourthbiggestcityitwas【現(xiàn)學(xué)現(xiàn)用】31、Themeeting____over,wealllefttheroom、A、isB、tobeC、beingD、wouldbe2、Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,it___themostpopularsportintheworld、A、makingB、makesC、madeD、tomake3、___suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver、A、HavingsufferedB、SufferingC、TosufferD、Suffered4、Thefish____bad,thechildrenleftmuchofit、A、tasted,untouchedB、tasting,untouchedC、tasting,untouchingD、tasted,untouching5、___fromwhatyousay,heoughttosucceed、A、JudgedB、JudgingC、WhenyoujudgedD、Becauseyoujudge6、Everything___intoconsideration,theyoughttohaveanotherchance、A、totakeB、takenC、tobetakenD、taking7、Walterofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice,butourwork______,wedidn’taccepttheoffer、A、notbeingfinishedB、nothavingfinishedC、hadnotbeenfinishedD、wasnotfinished8、Therearevariouskindsofmetals,each______itsownproperties(特性)、A、hasB、hadC、tohaveD、having9、Theoldmanstoodunderabigtree,______、A、apipeinmouthB、withapipeinmouthC、pipeinmouthD、pipeinhismouth10、Theproduction_steadily,thefactoryneedsanever-increasingsupplyofrawmaterial、A、hasgoneupB、isgoingupC、havinggoneupD、beinggoneup獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)鞏固練習(xí)11、______nobus,wehadtowalkhome、

A、TherewasB、TherebeingC、BecausetherebeingD、Therewere2、____,I'llgotherewithyoutomorrowafternoon、

A、TimepermitsB、IftimepermittingC、TimepermittingD、Time'spermitting3、_____,weallwenthomehappily、

A、GoodbyewassaidB、GoodbyehadbeensaidC、GoodbyesaidD、Whengoodbyesaid

4、_____,weallwentswimminginhighspirits、

A、ItbeingfineweatherB、ItfineweatherC、ItwasfineweatherD、Itbeingafineweather

5、____,thebusstartedatonce、

A、ThesignalwasgivenB、ThesignalgivingC、ThesignalgivenD、Whenthesignalgiven

6、Shestoodthere,_____fromhercheeks、

A、tears'rollingdownB、tearsrolleddownC、withtearsrolleddownD、tearsrollingdown____on,theleavesareturninggreen、

A、WhenspringingB、Springing

C、SpringcameD、Springbeinge8、_____,Ihadtobuyanewone、

A、MydictionarylosingB、MydictionaryhavingbeenlostC、MydictionaryhadbeenlostD、BecausemydictionarylostIusedtosleepwiththewindow_____、

A、openedB、openC、openingDtoopen10、____,thehunterwentintotheforest、

A、AgunonshoulderB、Agunwasonhisshoulder

C、GunonshoulderD、Agunbeingonshoulder11、____productionupby60%,thepanyhashadanotherexcellentyear、

A、AsB、ForC、WithD、Through12、Withalotofwork____,Ihavetosituptonight、

A、doB、doingC、doneD、todo

13、Hestoodtheresilently,hislips_____、

A、tremblingB、trembledC、weretremblingD、weretrembling

14、_____,hersuggestionisofgreatervaluethanyours、

A、AllthingsconsideringB、AllthingsconsideredC、AllthingswereconsideredD、Withallthingswereconsidered15、______,wewillsurely