醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)英語-課本主要概念-內(nèi)容

醫(yī)患關(guān)系U1（醫(yī)生繁忙的工作性質(zhì)導(dǎo)致了醫(yī)生與病人之間的相互誤解,對(duì)病人來說，需要理解醫(yī)生的工作）Meanidea:It’sreallycommontoreadorhearaboutthecomplaintsofdoctor’sbeimpatientandcareless.Althoughthereareprobablyafewdoctorswhotrulyaretone-deaf,mostarereasonablyempathichumanbeings,andIwonderwhyeventhesedoctorsseempreytothiscriticism為什么會(huì)有這種誤解：Neuronoverloadonthedoctorsidethatleadstotheproblem.Sometime,onestrayrequest（一個(gè)冷不丁的問題）fromapatient-evenonethatisquiterelevant-mightinterruptdoctors’thinking（mightcatchoneofthedoctors’neuronsinmid-fire)Patients’highexpectationMistrustandmisunderstandingbetweenthepatientsandphysicianU7/主要是討論病人自主，但可以在醫(yī)患關(guān)系里提及生了/（醫(yī)學(xué)倫理學(xué)在解決醫(yī)患關(guān)系時(shí)需要注意的，對(duì)醫(yī)生來說，需要顧及到病人的情況）Respectforthepatient,especiallythepatient’sautonomy(自主權(quán))Meanidea:Inaneraoffastadvancingmedicaltechnology,rapidlychangingmedicalethics,andinincreasinglylitigioussociety,goodphysician-patientrelationshipiscriticallyimportantforeffectivehealthcaredelivery.醫(yī)生和患者需要做出哪些艱難的決定：Decidewhetherlife-supportsystemshouldbecontinuedorwithdrawnDecidewhetheranewtherapyshouldbetriedDecidewhethersurgeryshouldbethefirstchoiceorthelastresortDecidewhethertransferorreferral（轉(zhuǎn)介）isneededDecidewhethereuthanasia（安樂死）shouldbeconsidered什么是paternalisticdecision-making（家長(zhǎng)式?jīng)Q策）Adoctorplaytheroleofanexclusivedecisionmakerwhilehispatientisconsideredastheparticipantwithoutlittlesayinthefinalchoice.什么是patient-centercare(病人中心式照顧)ThePatientsarethedecisionmakerbasedontheinformationprovidedbythedoctor.為什么不可以全以醫(yī)生為主或全以病人為主Doctorsareverymuchcautiousaboutcommittingsomekindofethicaltransgression（醫(yī)生都非常謹(jǐn)慎以免犯下某種侵犯道德的罪名）Whenitcametomedicaldecisions,almostalltherespondentswantedtheirdoctorstoofferchoicesandconsidertheiropinions.我們應(yīng)該怎么做Shoulderingresponsibilitytogetherwiththepatientmaybebetterthanhavingthepatientmakedecisionontheirownalone.Balancingbetweenpaternalismandrespectforpatient’sautonomyconstitutesalargepartofmedicalpractice.病人自主（見U7）抗生素U2/如果只需談?wù)摽股貑栴}，只要提及抗藥與病毒的變異/(抗生素作為人類對(duì)抗疾病的一大創(chuàng)舉，現(xiàn)在面臨著耐藥性且缺少創(chuàng)新的大問題)Meanidea:Althoughgreatprogresshasbeenmadeinthetreatmentandpreventionofdiseasesinthelastcentury,thereisnoreasonforcomplacency.Humanhealthisconstantlythreatenednotonlybyemergingdiseasesbutalsobyre-emergingonesoncethoughttohavebeencontrolledoreradicated.我們?nèi)〉迷趯?duì)抗疾病上的巨大突破及抗生素的誕生“Thebookoninfectiousdisease”hasbeenwrittenWhatistheprimarypurposeofmedicaleducation?Forstudentstolearn,indepth,whatitmeanstobeaphysician:1)Upongraduation,theycanhaveanunderstandingofwhatitmeanstobeaphysicianwhenarebestowedwiththetitle,and2)theycanhavethepersonalqualitiesforaphysiciantobecapableofmeetingthepublic’sexpectationsofadoctor.Whymustaphysicianbeinquisitive（好問的）Agreatdealaboutmedicinethatisnotknown.Agreatdealthatindividualphysiciansdonotknowaboutwhatisknown.SUMaphysiciannotcaring,inquisitive,andcivicmindedmaybeahighlyskilledtechnicianinvolvedinthepracticeofmedicine,suchanindividualwillnottrulyreflecttheessenceofwhatitmeanstobeaphysici