醫(yī)學(xué)英語主要前綴

1．人體主要器官前綴

名稱通用名前（后）綴常用形容詞示例

心heartcardiao-cardial/carditis/cardiology

腦brainencepholo-cerebralcerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology

肺lungpulmo-pulmonarypulmontor/pulmonectomy/pulmonology

肝liverhepato-hepatichepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology

胃stomachgastro-gastricgastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology

膽gallbladderchole-biliarycholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy

腸intestineentero-intestinalenteritis/enterectomy/enterology

脾spleensplen-splenicsplenitis/splenectomy/splenology

胰pancreaspancreato-pancreaticpancreatitis/pancreatectomy

腎kidneynephro-renal/nephricnephritis/nephropathy/nephrology

2．與人體系統(tǒng)、器官有關(guān)的前（后）綴

名稱通用名前（后）綴示例

血bloodhemo-/hematohematology/hemoglobin/hematoma

血管vesselvaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/

靜脈veinveno-venography/intravenous/venoconstriction

動脈arteryarterio-arteriology/arteriole/粉紅pinkoinkfrothysputum

緋紅crimson

青銅bronzedbronzeddiabetes

注：有些病名的“藍(lán)”“紫”“青”為同義，其前綴都為“cyano-”.

5．與疾病和疾患有關(guān)的前（后）綴(1)

含義前（后）綴形容詞示例

病patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis

/-pathy-pathicneuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy

病態(tài)-osis-oticneurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis

增多l(xiāng)eukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis

減少-penia-penicleukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia

無a-/an-atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia

小/微-letdroplet/platelet/leaflet

micro-microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus

大/巨macro-macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage

-megalysplenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly

復(fù)合/多poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia

全/泛pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic6．與疾病和疾患有關(guān)的前（后）綴(2)

含義前（后）綴示例

相反dis-disease/disorder/disability

困難/障礙dys-dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea

不良mal-malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice

炎癥-itisappendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis

瘤/塊-omalymphoma/adenoma/hematoma

血癥-emialeukemia/septisemia/bacteremia

痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer

麻痹-plegiahemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia

流出-rrheadiarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea

壞死-necrosisnecro-/necr-hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia

結(jié)石litho-/-lithlithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes

7．與方位有關(guān)的前綴

含義通用詞前綴示例

上upper/superiorpi-/supra-epidemic/epithelium/supracostal

下lower/inferiornfra-/sub-infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous

前front/anterior/priorfore-/ante-forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis

/pre-

后back/posteriorpost-/retro-posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac

內(nèi)inner/internalin-/endo-/ento-inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial

外outer/externalex-/exo-extract/excretion/exocardial

間betweeninter-intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse

旁/副onthesideofpara-parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal

周aroundperi-perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum

中心centralcentri-/centra-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus

/centro-

反/對oppositecounter-/contra-counterpart/countershock/contraindication

注：invivo/in’vaivou/活體內(nèi);invitro/invaitrou/活體外或試管內(nèi)；insitu/in’saitju:/原位

8．與外科手術(shù)有關(guān)的前（后）綴

含義前（后）綴示例

切除-ectomyappendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy

切開-tomytracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy

切（割）-tometracheotome/thoracotome

吻合-stomyduodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy

成形術(shù)-plastytracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty

整（矯）形ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy

造影-graphyangiography/nephrography/phlebography

經(jīng)…trans-transdominal/translateral/transurethral

注：ortho-也是“正”“原”的前綴，如：ortho-acid（正酸）

-graphy為方法，如：electrocardigraphy心電圖檢查術(shù)；graph為儀器，如：electrocardigraph心電圖機；gram為圖象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心電圖記錄。

9．與化學(xué)品有關(guān)的前（后）綴

含義前（后）綴示例

酸鹽atesulfate/nitrate/acetate

醇-olalcohol/propanol/taxol

醛-alretinal/methylal/propanal

酮-oneacetone/progesterone/ketone

糖glyco-glycogenolysis

saccharo-saccharomyces

-saccharidepolysaccharide

酶-asereductase/transminase/kinase

素-inpenicillin/heparin/nuclein

原-genallogen/antigen/glycogen

苯基/酚phen-/pheno-phenol/phenate/phenetidin

氨基amino-aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrine

10．與“作用”有關(guān)的前（后）綴

含義前（后）綴示例

殺-cide/-cidalinsecticide/pesticide/bactericidal

抑-stasis/-staticbacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculostatic

驅(qū)逐-fugefebrifuge/centrifuge

抗-antiantibiotic/antimycotic/antimutagen

去/脫/除de-dehydroprednisone/det