2023年高考英語閱讀理解備考策略06 閱讀理解之詞意推斷與代詞指代

專題06閱讀理解之詞意推斷與代詞指代

一.（2022?青海海東?一模）

Therearepeoplelivinginalmosteverycornerofourcrowdedplanet.Fromthetopsof

mountainstodeepunderground,we'vealwaysbeenabletofindhabitableplacestomakea

home.Butwithspaceatapremium（稀少），we'vestartedtolookevendeeperforsomewhere

tolive.

Throughouthistory,peoplehavebeenfascinatedbytheideaoflivingunderwater.More

recently,theeffectsofhumanactivityonthelandhaveledsometolooktotheoceansfor

naturalresources.Oceanographersandarchitectshavelookedatdesigningvessels,labsand

underwaterhabitatstoenablepeopletoliveandworkinaunderwaterworld.But,while

dreamsofanunderwatercityhaveremainedafantasy,howclosearewetomakingour

homeontheseabedareality?

ThepioneerofundersealivingwasIanKoblick.Heclaimedtechnologyalreadyexisted

tocreateunderwatercoloniessupportinguptoahundredpeople.HeevenopenedLa

Chalupa,oncethelargestandmostadvancedunderwaterhabitatandresearchfacilityinthe

world.

AmorerecentandambitiousdesignforanunderwatercityisOceanSpiral.Designed

bytheJapaneseShimizuCorporation,it's-ahugetransparentglobeattachedtotheseabed.

It,sgotatowerrunningthroughittothesurface,providingspaceforhomes,officesand

evenanamusementparkforfivethousandresidents.

Ofcourse,thereareengineeringchallengesinconstructinganoceanicmetropolis.And

livingunderwaterwouldhavemajoreffectsonthehumanbody,especiallyasthereisan

increaseinatmosphericpressure,whichcouldleadtothebends.So,maybeit'stoosoonto

bepackingourbagsandsettingupanewlifethreethousandmetresunderthesea!

1.Whyarepeoplelookingforwardtolivingunderwater?

A.Spaceonlandisinshortsupply.

B.Livingunderwaterisveryeasy.

C.Theworldunderwaterisfantastic.

D.Theyaretiredoflivingonland.

2.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardslivingunderwater?

A.Indifferent.

B.Critical.

C.Negative.

D.Objective.

3.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Livingunderwaterdoesharmtothehumanbody.

B.OceanSpiralcancontainfivethousandresidents.

C.Peoplecanlookforwardtothefutureofunderwaterlife.

D.Wecanpackourbagsandsetupanewlifeunderwater.

4.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Ajournalofhistory.

B?Asciencewebsite.

C.Aninternationalnewspaper.

D.Atravelguidebook.

二.（2022?吉林吉林?模擬預(yù)測）

AccordingtoJimCoan,apsychologistfromtheUniversityofVirginia,holdinghands

withsomeoneyoutrustcanhaveapositiveeffectonyourhealth.Why?Researchershave

shownintheirstudiesthatthesimpleactoftouchcanreducestressandevenlowerheart

rate.

Inastudy,Jimandhiscolleaguesbroughtcouplesintothelab,andthenputoneof

theminanfMRImachinetoscantheactivityintheirbrains.Whilescanningthem,the

participantslookedatascreen,andonaseriesoftests,theyeithersawagreencircleora

red"X”.Agreencirclemeantthatthetestwouldendshortlyandnothingelsewould

happen.Ared"X"meantthatinafewseconds,therewasachancethattheywouldreceive

amildelectricshockontheirleg.Theshockwasn'tpainful,butitwasn'texactly

comfortableeither.

Duringsomeofthesetests,participantswereinthefMRIscanneralone;duringothers,

aresearchercameinandheldtheirhand;andonafinalsetoftests,theirromanticpartner

cameinandheldtheirhand.Jimandcolleaguesfoundthatwhenparticipantsthoughtthey

mightbegettingashock,theyhadalowerstressresponseintheirbrainswhenholdingtheir

romanticpartner*shandthanintheothertwoconditions.Andthehappierthecouplessaid

theywereintheirrelationships,themoretheromanticpartner'shandlessened（減弱）the

brain'sresponsetotheshock.Thisstudysuggeststhatwhenwe'restressed,holdingaloved

one'shandcanreducethatstress.

Theresearchalsosuggeststhattouchhasimmediateandpositiveeffectsonbabies.

Skin-to-skincontactcanreducecrying,stress,andimprovesleep.Theseeffectscanbe

long-lasting:adults,heldalotwhentheywerebabies,arethemostlikelytobehealthyand

well-adjusted-infact,themoretheywerecarriedinbabyhood,thebettertheyadjustin

adulthood.

5.Howwouldaparticipantprobablyfeelwhenseeingared"X”?

A.Nervous.

B.Excited.

C.Hopeful.

D.Painful.

6.Whydidresearchersdosetsoftestsinthestudy?

A.Tomakesurethestudyresultsarecorrect.

B.Tocomparebrainactivitiesindifferentcases.

C.Totesttherelationshipsbetweencouples.

D.TocheckthefunctionsofthefMRIscanner.

7.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whatmaythewriteragreewith?

A.Babiesshouldbeheldandcarriedasmuchaspossible.

B.Babies'problemscanbesolvedmainlybytouching.

C.Theeffectsthattouchinghasonbabiesdon'tlastlong.

D.Adultswhowerenotheldasbabiescan'tadjusttosociety.

8.Whichofthefollowingmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TouchImprovesBrainFunction

B.TouchHappensEverywhere

C.TouchHelpsFormGoodHabits

D.TouchMakesaBigDifference

答案

（2022?青海海東.一模）

【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.B

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人們嘗試讓水下生活成為現(xiàn)實(shí)的計(jì)

劃，以及人們?cè)谒掳布抑靶枰朔睦щy。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段uTherearepeoplelivinginalmosteverycornerofour

crowdedplanet.Fromthetopsofmountainstodeepunderground,we'vealwaysbeen

abletofindhabitableplacestomakeahome.Butwithspaceatapremium（稀少），we'

vestartedtolookevendeeperforsomewheretolive.（在我們這個(gè)擁擠的星球上，幾

乎每個(gè)角落都有人居住。從山頂?shù)降叵律钐?，我們總能找到適合安家的地方。但

隨著空間的稀少，我們開始更深入地尋找居住的地方。）”可知，人們想去水下居

住是因?yàn)榈乇砜臻g不足。故選A。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Heclaimedtechnologyalreadyexistedtocreate

underwatercoloniessupportinguptoahundredpeople.（他聲稱已經(jīng)有技術(shù)可以在水

下建立可以養(yǎng)活100人的居住地。）"、第四段"Amorerecentandambitiousdesign

foranunderwatercityisOceanSpiral.DesignedbytheJapaneseShimizuCorporation,

it's-ahugetransparentglobeattachedtotheseabed.（一個(gè)更近期、更有野心的水下

城市設(shè)計(jì)是海洋螺旋。它是由日本清水公司設(shè)計(jì)的，是一個(gè)連接在海底的巨大透

明球體。）”以及第五段wOfcourse,thereareengineeringchallengesinconstructing

anoceanicmetropolis.Andlivingunderwaterwouldhavemajoreffectsonthehuman

body,especiallyasthereisanincreaseinatmosphericpressure,whichcouldleadto

thebends.（當(dāng)然，建設(shè)海洋大都市也存在工程上的挑戰(zhàn)。生活在水下會(huì)對(duì)人體產(chǎn)生

重大影響，尤其是隨著大氣壓力的增加，這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致減壓病。）”可推斷，作者

只是在客觀地陳述這些事實(shí)。選項(xiàng)A“Indifferent（漠不關(guān)心的）”；選項(xiàng)B"Critical

（批判的）”；選項(xiàng)C“Negative（否定的）”：選項(xiàng)D"Objective（客觀的）"。故選D。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段"Heclaimedtechnologyalreadyexistedtocreate

underwatercoloniessupportinguptoahundredpeople.（他聲稱己經(jīng)有技術(shù)可以在水

下建立可以養(yǎng)活100人的居住地。）”以及第四段“Amorerecentandambitiousdesign

foranunderwatercityisOceanSpiral.DesignedbytheJapaneseShimizuCorporation,

it's-ahugetransparentglobeattachedtotheseabed.（一個(gè)更近期、更有野心的水下

城市設(shè)計(jì)是海洋螺旋。它是由日本清水公司設(shè)計(jì)的，是一個(gè)連接在海底的巨大透

明球體。）”可推斷，人們已經(jīng)有了一些在水下生活的嘗試，只是還有些困難沒有

克服。所以在水下生活從長遠(yuǎn)來看是值得期待的，或許在將來有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。故選Co

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述的是未來水下生活的可能性以

及面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，這些都是和科學(xué)相關(guān)的。所以文章最有可能來自科學(xué)網(wǎng)站。故選B。

二.（2022?吉林吉林?模擬預(yù)測）

【答案】5.A6.B7.A8.D

【解析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了科學(xué)家的研究成果：來自信任的、親近的人

的觸碰可以幫助其緩解壓力，對(duì)身體健康有積極作用。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句"Ared'X'meantthatinafewseconds,there

wasachancethattheywouldreceiveamildelectricshockontheirleg.Theshock

wasn'tpainful,butitwasn'texactlycomfortableeither.,,（紅"X"表示幾秒鐘后，

他們的腿可能會(huì)受到輕微電擊。電擊并不痛，但也不是很舒服。）及第三段第二

句"Jimandcolleaguesfoundthatwhenparticipantsthoughttheymightbegettinga

shock,theyhadalowerstressresponseintheirbrainswhenholdingtheirromantic

partner;shandthanintheothertwoconditions.w（吉姆及其同事發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)參與者

認(rèn)為他們可能會(huì)受到電擊時(shí)，與其他兩種情況相比，他們握著愛人的手時(shí)，大腦

的壓力反應(yīng)更低。）可知，伴隨紅“X”而來的電擊會(huì)讓參與者產(chǎn)生緊張及壓力感，

只不過握著愛人的手時(shí)這種反應(yīng)會(huì)降低。故選A項(xiàng)。

6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句"Jimandcolleaguesfoundthatwhenparticipants

thoughttheymightbegettingashock,theyhadalowerstressresponseinIheirbrains

whenholdingtheirromanticpartner'shandthanintheothertwoconditions.n（吉姆

及其同事發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)參與者認(rèn)為他們可能會(huì)受到電擊時(shí)，與其他兩種情況相比，他

們握著愛