污水深度處理與回用磷的去除課件

污水深度處理與回用磷的去除磷循環(huán)GlobalPhosphorusCycleWeathering:侵蝕/風(fēng)化Burial:沉積磷循環(huán)TheLandPhosphorusCycle磷循環(huán)“Open”HumanPhosphorusCycleEutrophicationPRemoval&RecoveryDepletion污水中磷的存在形式FormsofPhosphorusinWastewater(Influent)(Detergents)(MajorForm)Target:TP≤0.5mg/L除磷技術(shù)ChemicalPrecipitationPrecipitatewith–Lime-Ca(OH)2–Alum-Al2(SO4)3–mostcommonmethod(orotheraluminiumcompounds)–Iron-FeCl3orFe2(SO4)3

Add–beforeprimary–inaerationtank–beforesecondarysettling–separateunitprocessaftersecondarytreatmentPolymersmaybeaddedtoenhanceremoval除磷技術(shù)ChemicalPrecipitation(P315-318)Reactionwithlime:5Ca2++3PO43-+OH-?Ca5(PO4)3(OH)(s)(羥磷灰石，Hydroxyapatite)Butwhenaddlimetowater:Ca(OH)2?Ca2++2OH-OH-+HCO3-?H2O+CO32-Ca2++CO32-?CaCO3(s)Sorequireddoseoflimedependsonalkalinity–oncecarbonateusedup,getPremovalReactionswithAluminiumandIron:Al3++PO43-?AlPO4(s)Fe3++PO43-?FePO4(s)Butinpractice–takes~2molesAlorFepermoleP–e.g.,Al3++3OH-?Al(OH)3(s)ReactionsFormInsolublePhosphates除磷技術(shù)ChemicalPrecipitationAdvantages–reliable–lowlevelsofPineffluentpossible–retrofitforexistingplantlikelypossibleDisadvantages–costofchemicals–substantialadditionalsludgeproduction–chemicalsludgereuseordisposalmaybemoredifficult–mayneedtoadjustpH–mayaffectthebiologicalprocessesProblem–digestion(especiallyanaerobic)mayre-releaseP投加氯化鐵除磷除磷技術(shù)BiologicalPhosphorusRemovalAssimilation?Cellsare1-2%P(dryweight)?RemovingbiomassremovesPC118H170O51N17P(31/2671=1%)CompletePremovalthroughassimilation:ProductionofBiomassrequired:6/0.01=600mgVSS/LPotentialBiomassProduction:BOD*YH/1.42=300*0.63/1.42=133mgVSS/L<600mgVSS/LFortypicalmunicipalwastewater:BOD=300mg/L,TP=6mg/LEffectivePremovalthroughassimilationisnotpractical!除磷技術(shù)EnhancedbiologicalPhosphorusRemovalHighLoadedPlugFlowSystemUptakebeyondneedforbalancedgrowth–Originallycalled“l(fā)uxuryuptake”?Firstnoted:–1959inIndia–1961inUSA–unintentional–conventionalactivatedsludge,highloading除磷技術(shù)EnhancedbiologicalPhosphorusRemovalInitialFindingsAllplantswithenhancedPremovalwereconventionalactivatedsludgewithlongplugflowreactorsandhighloadings(why?)PreleaseoccursifinfluentendsanaerobicandsufficientBODpresentsExcessPuptakeoccurswhenDOispresentifPreleaseoccurredpreviouslyBiologicalremovalorbiologicallymediatedchemicalprecipitation?–~1980–largelyagreeditwasbiologicalOrganisms?Nowgenericallycalled“PhosphateAccumulatingOrganisms”(PAOs)–iffedacetate,showsimilarbehaviourforPreleaseanduptake–requireoxygenforgrowth(aerobic)–PAOsstorePinternallyaspolyphosphate–maximumPaccumulation:100-150mgP/gVSS(10-15%)除磷技術(shù)EnhancedbiologicalPhosphorusRemoval1959年，印度，Srinath首次報道過量吸磷現(xiàn)象；Levin和Shaprio–

活性污泥在非曝氣條件下釋放磷，而在曝氣吸收磷；–磷酸鹽以“黑色”顆粒形式存儲在細(xì)菌體內(nèi)。19世紀(jì)60年代末至70年代初–

沒有任何微生物和生化方面的理論知識，但強(qiáng)化生物除磷工藝構(gòu)型已基本成型；–實踐證明：在推流系統(tǒng)的首段設(shè)置一部分非曝氣區(qū)域是實現(xiàn)強(qiáng)化生物除磷的重要條件。20世紀(jì)70年代末–

微生物學(xué)方面的研究得到加強(qiáng)；從活性污泥中分離到除磷菌；發(fā)現(xiàn)不動桿菌起重要作用。–Fuhs和Chen:發(fā)現(xiàn)厭氧段存在對產(chǎn)生短鏈脂肪酸的必要性，并假設(shè)不動桿菌需要短鏈脂肪酸進(jìn)行生長和好氧吸磷。但并未把釋磷和吸磷聯(lián)系起來。除磷技術(shù)EnhancedbiologicalPhosphorusRemoval南非：Barnard和Micholls–第一座實際處理構(gòu)筑物（盡管仍缺乏微生物和生化基礎(chǔ)知識）；–發(fā)現(xiàn)“真正”的厭氧條件是強(qiáng)化除磷工藝的關(guān)鍵；–開發(fā)了一系列工藝：Ana/A;Bardenpho,UCT,JHB等20世紀(jì)80年代初，Rensink

–首次闡釋釋磷與吸磷的關(guān)系；此后–生化模型的發(fā)展除磷技術(shù)EnhancedbiologicalPhosphorusRemovalHAcPO4GLYPHAPoly-PBulkliquidBiomassPoly-PPO4PHASettlingphaseAerobicAnaerobicPHAPoly-PPO4HAcPHAPoly-PPO4CO2O2Return

slugeWaste

slugeInfluentEffluentPO4HAcGLYAnaerobicAerobic/AnoxicPO4GLYPHASettlingphase除磷技術(shù)EnhancedbiologicalPhosphorusRemovalSettlingphaseAerobicAnaerobicPHAPoly-PPO4HAcPHAPoly-PPO4CO2O2Return

slugeWaste

slugeInfluentEffluentPO4HAcPstorageisnot“l(fā)uxuryuptake”ofthenutrientItisenergystorageAnaerobicconditions:PAOsreleasePfrompolyphosphate,utilizingtheenergyforuptakeandstorageoforganicsAerobicconditions:PAOsutilizethestoredorganics,andtakeupPtoproducethepolyphosphateforenergystorage除磷技術(shù)EnhancedbiologicalPhosphorusRemovalEssentialCondition:Anaerobic/aerobicCyclingSelectiveAdvantageofPAOs?Underanaerobicconditions:–aerobescan’tutilizeBOD–anaerobesfermentBOD;littleenergyavailable–PAOstakeupandstorefermentationproducts?PAOsselectedforbyanaerobicconditions:–producesfermentationproductstheyneed–limitscompetitionfromotheraerobes?Underaerobicconditions:–aerobesfindlittleBODleft–anaerobesinactive–PAOsoxidizepreviouslystoredBODAnaerobic!除磷技術(shù)EnhancedbiologicalPhosphorusRemovalParametersOptimalrange/valueandcommentsCarbonsourceBOD/P15-20;BOD/N≥4-5ConcentrationofVFAsAdequateconcentrationofVFAsisbeneficial.LowVFAconcentrationreducesthePreleaseinanaerobiczone,resultingincorrespondinglowPuptakeinaerobiczone.DOInPrelease,consumesVFAs(2.3gCOD/gO2)andlimittheformationofVFAs;InPuptake,ratedecreasesifDOistoolow.NitrateNO3-inanaerobiczoneconsumesVFAs(6.6gCOD/gNO3--N)andreducesPrelease,resultingindecreasingPuptakeinaerobiczone.Anaerobicretentiontime0.5-3hrs(mostly1h),dependingonPreleaserate(VFAs)SRTSRT≥3days.LongerSRThaslessBPRforagiveninfluentBOD:1)LessP-richsludgewasted;2)depletionofintracellularstorageproducts,whichleadtolessefficientPHBstorageintheanaerobiccontacttime;3)potentialcelllysisOtherParametersaffectingBPRprocess除磷技術(shù)EnhancedbiologicalPhosphorusRemovalBioPProcess--PhoStrip（P319）（1）碳源；（2）硝化的影響厭氧釋磷化學(xué)沉淀除磷除磷技術(shù)EnhancedbiologicalPhosphorusRemovalBioPProcess--PhoStrip（P319）Advantages:Canbeincorporatedeasilyintoexistingactivatedsludgeplant;Processisflexible,PremovalperformanceislessdependentoninfluentBOD/Pratio;CanachievereliableeffluentPO43-concentrationlessthan1mg/LDisadvantages&Limitations:Requirechemicals(Lime),highoperationalcosts;Additionalreactors,extraconstructioncosts;Complicateoperation&maintenanceproblem除磷技術(shù)EnhancedbiologicalPhosphorusRemovalBioPProcess—Anaerobic/Aerobic(Ana/O)（P320）缺氧好氧NitrifiedLiquidRecirculation(R)ReturnSludge(r)厭氧好氧ReturnSludge(r)Anoxic/Aerobic(An/O)Process(NOEBPR)Avoidnitrification(How?Whathappensifnitrificationoccurs);anaerobicdetentiontime0.5-1hMustformanaerobicconditioninthefirststageforEBPR!除磷技術(shù)EnhancedbiologicalPhosphorusRemovalBioPProcess—Anaerobic/Aerobic(Ana/O)（P320）厭氧好氧r=25-100%Advantages:Operationissimple;LowBOD/Ppossible;RelativelyshortHRT;Producesgoodsettlingsludge;GoodPremovalperformanceDisadvantages&Limitations:Premovalonly;Premovalperformancedeclinesifnitrificationoccurs;LimitedprocesscontrolflexibilityisavailableSRT2-5dRT=0.15-1.4hRT=1-3h除磷技術(shù)EnhancedbiologicalPhosphorusRemovalSimultaneousN&Premoval-A2/O（P322）缺氧(An)好氧(A)R=100-400%厭氧(Ana)RAS(r=25-100%)Advantages:RemovesbothN&P;Providesalkalinityfordenitrification;Producesgoodsettlingsludge;Operationisrelativelysimple;Disadvantages&Limitations:NitrogenremovalislimitedbyR;RAScontainingnitrateisrecycledtoanaerobiczone,thusaffectingP-release;NeedhigherBOD/Pratio(20-25)thanAna/A(7-10)processRT=0.5-1.5hRT=0.5-1.5hRT=4-8hSRT=5-25dDiscussion:relationshipbetweenBOD/P(N)andEBPR除磷技術(shù)EnhancedbiologicalPhosphorusRemoval5-stageBardenphoAdvantages:RemovesbothN&P;CanachieveeffluentTNof3-5mg/L;Producesgoodsettlingsludge;Disadvantages&Limitations:LongerSRTthanA2/O;Requireslargertankvolumes4-stageBardenpho(P321)Doubtful!!NoorlimitedPreleaseunlessveryhighinfluentBOD/P(N)ratioAn1A1An2A2RAS(r=50-100%),SRT=10-20dAna200-400%0.5-1.5h1-3h4-12h2-4h0.5-1hDiscussion:HRT除磷技術(shù)EnhancedbiologicalPhosphorusRemovalSimultaneousN&Premoval—UCT(SouthAfrica)Advantages:Nitrateloadingonanaerobiczoneisreduced,thusincreasingPremovalcapability;Forweakerwastewater(LowBOD/P),processcanachieveimprovedPremovalProducesgoodsettlingsludge;Disadvantages&Limitations:Morecomplexoperation;RequiresadditionalrecyclesystemLongeranaerobicretentiontimerequiredthanAna/O,A2/Oand5-stageBardenphoAn2-4hA4-12hAna1-2hRAS(80-100%),SRT=10-25dNitrifiedLiquidAnoxicrecycleDiscussion:MLSSAna<MLSSAn/A200-400%100-300%除磷技術(shù)EnhancedbiologicalPhosphorusRemovalMUCT(FurtherminimizetheNO3-impact)An2AAnaRAS(NO3-)NitrifiedLiquidAnoxicrecycleAn1An2AAn1RAS(NO3-)NitrifiedLiquidAnaJohannesburgprocess(SouthAfrica)1)SameMLSSinallreactors2)Utilizationofendogenousorganiccarbon除磷技術(shù)EnhancedbiologicalPhosphorusRemovalSequencingBatchReactors(SBR)TMTATS+E+ITFMACycleTimeTC=TMixing+TAaertion+TS+E+IBatchContinuousflowHRTM=TMHRTA=TAR?r?1)Howabouttherecycles?2)Isthemixingphaseanaerobicoranoxic?除磷技術(shù)EBPRSequencingBatchReactors(SBR)sludgeV0VF1)Howabouttherecycles?2)Isthemixingphaseanaerobicoranoxic?NO3-V0/VF=r+RMostlikelystartswithananoxicphaseTAnTANATATS+D+ITFDiscussion:Howtoestablishanaerobicphaseasearlyaspossible?除磷技術(shù)EnhancedbiologicalPhosphorusRemovalProcessSRT,dMLSS,mg/LHRT,hRAS,%ofinfluentInternalrecycle,%ofinfluentAnaerobicAnoxicAerobicAna/A2-53000-40000.5-1.5---1-325-100A2/O5-253000-40000.5-1.50.5-14-825-100100-400UCT10-253000-40001-21-24-1280-100An:200-400A:100-300Bardenpho10-203000-40001-30.5-1.5A1:4-12A2:0.5-150-100200-400Phostrip5-201000-30008-12---4-1050-100SBR20-403000-40001.5-31-32-4TypicaldesignparametersforcommonlyusedBNRprocesses除磷技術(shù)DenitrifyingPhosphorusRemovalSettlingphaseAerobicAnaerobicPHAPoly-PPO4