2019年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解習(xí)題及答案(一)

2019年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解習(xí)題及答案(一)Merchantandpassengershipsaregenerallyrequiredtohavealifepreserverforeverypersonaboardandinmanycases,acertainpercentageofsmallersizesforchildren.AccordingtoUnitedStatesrequirements,lifepreserversmustdesign,reversiblecapableofbeingquicklyadjustedtofittheuninitiatedindividual,andmustbesodesignedastosupportthewearerinthewaterinanuprightorslightlybackwardposition.Sufficientbuoyancy(浮力)tosupportthewearershouldberetainedbythelifepreserverafter48hoursinthewater,anditshouldbereliableevenafterlongperiodofstorage.Thusitshouldbemadeofmaterialsresistanttosunlight,gasoline,andoils,anditshouldbenoteasilysetonfire.?Thepositioninwhichthelifepreserverwillsupportapersonwhojumpsorfallsintothewaterismostimportant,asisitstendencytoturnthewearerinthewaterfromaface-downpositiontoanuprightorslightlybackwardposition,withhisfaceclearofthewater,evenwhenthewearerisexhaustedorunconscious.Themethodofadjustmenttothebodyshouldbesimple,andself-evidenttouninitiatedpersonseveninthedarkundertheconfusedconditions,whichfollowadisaster.Thus,thelifebereversiblethatitisnearlyimpossibletogetitonwrong.Catches,straps,andtiesshouldbekepttoaminimum.Inaddition,thelifepreservermustbeadjustabletothewidevarietyofshapesandsizesofwearers,sincethisgreatlyaffectsthepositionoffloatingandtheself-rightingqualities.Asuitablelifealsobecomfortabletowearatalltimes,inandoutofthewater,notsoheavyastoencouragetotakeitoffonshipboardwhiletheshipisindanger,norsoburdensomethatithindersapersoninthewaterwhiletryingtoswim.1.Thepassageismainlyabout____.A)theusesoflifepreserversB)thedesignoflifepreserversC)thematerialsforlifepreserversD)thebuoyancyoflifepreservers2.Accordingtothepassage,alifebefirstofall____.A)adjustableB)comfortableC)self-evidentD)self-righting3.UnitedStatesCoastGuarddoesNOTrequirethelifepreservertobemade____.A)withasfewstringsaspossibleB)capableofbeingwornonbothsidesC)accordingtoeachwearer'ssizeD)comfortableandlighttowear4.By“theuninitiatedindividual”(Para.1,Line.4)theauthorreferstotheperson____.A)whohasnotbeeninstructedhowtousealifepreserverB)whohasalittleexperienceinusingalifepreserverC)whousesalifepreserverwithoutpermissionD)whobecomesnervousbeforeadisaster5.Whatwouldhappenifapersonweresupportedbythelifepreserverinawrongposition?A)Thewaveswouldmovehimbackwards.B)Thewaterwouldchokehim.C)Hewouldimmediatelysinktothebottom.D)Hewouldbeexhaustedorunconscious.參考答案與解析：1.B。文章主要講述了救生衣的設(shè)計(jì)。間接題型段首主旨題。C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)都是對(duì)救生衣設(shè)計(jì)中設(shè)計(jì)材料的說(shuō)明。A項(xiàng)為陷阱，指救生衣的用途，即使開(kāi)頭提到，但范圍不著邊際。故只有B是準(zhǔn)確選項(xiàng)。2.D。根據(jù)文章，救生衣首先會(huì)自動(dòng)扶正。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本文第三段主要討論救生衣落水位置，應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)的能“自動(dòng)扶正”,或稍向后仰。B項(xiàng)是對(duì)材料的描述，范圍太窄，而A和C不合題意，所以D是準(zhǔn)確答案。3.C。美國(guó)海岸巡邏隊(duì)不需要救生衣根據(jù)穿戴者的尺寸生產(chǎn)。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)都涉及method，其相關(guān)部分見(jiàn)最后一段第三句，A，B，D三項(xiàng)都是文章中提及的，C項(xiàng)與本題無(wú)關(guān)的內(nèi)容，所以應(yīng)該選C。4.A?！皌heuninitiatedindividual”作者指的是不知道怎么使用救生衣的人。語(yǔ)義指代題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句，我們可推出“the